Zofia Sawaniewska-Mochowa, Anna Zielińska, Dziedzictwo kultury szlacheckiej na byłych Kresach północno-wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej. Ginąca część kultury europejskiej, Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 2007, ss. 473

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku825325

Demetriusz z Faleronu a organizacja Musejonu w Aleksandrii

The article presents the state of research on the circumstances of the creation of the Alexandrian Mouseion, as well as confronts current opinions on the creation of the Mouseion and the Library of Alexandria with the preserved ancient sources. In particular, the theses about the key role of Demetrius of Phaleron in the organization of the Mouseion and the Library of Alexandria were critically assessed.W artykule zaprezentowano stan badań na temat okoliczności powstania Musejonu aleksandryjskiego, a także skonfrontowano dotychczasowe opinie o powstaniu Musejonu i Biblioteki w Aleksandrii z zachowanymi źródłami starożytnymi. Krytycznej ocenie poddano w szczególności tezy o kluczowej roli Demetriusza z Faleronu w organizacji Musejonu i Biblioteki w Aleksandrii

Literatura białoruska w Polsce po roku 1989. O potrzebie tworzenia bazy literackiej

Belarusian literature in Poland after 1989. About the necessity of developing a literature databaseSpeaking about Belarusian literature in Poland we focus on fiction, its translation into Polish and the study of literature. The existence of the Belarusian literature in Poland in the post-war period is indicated by the following bibliographies: a bibliography of translations for the period 1945–1994 (G. Charytoniuk, Literatura białoruska w Polsce. Bibliografia przekładów za lata 1945–1994, Białystok 1996) and a subject bibliography for the period 1945–1998 (G. Charytoniuk, Polskie białorutenika literackie. Bibliografia przedmiotowa 1945–1998, Białystok 1998). The new political, economical and social conditions in Poland after 1989 have had an influence on the situation of the Belarusian literature. In addition to the existing departments some new university departments and scientific branches have been organized. Their aim is to realize new scientific projects connected with the Belarusian literature in Poland and Belarus. A lot of nongovernment organizations (funds, partnerships, associations) have been organized not only in Bialystok region, but also in the other parts of the country. A new publishing market has been established which has focused on the modern literature of Central and Eastern Europe including Belarusian literature. The Internet also plays an important role in popularization of the Belarusian literature. That literature has been included in the database of the National library (Przewodnik Bibliograficzny, Bibliografia Zawartości Czasopism), regional libraries (Bibliografia województwa podlaskiego) and the digital library (Polska Bibliografia Literacka). The information is searched by institutional scientific depositories and digital libraries. The considerable part of the information has not been registered in the bibliographic database. In this situation it is necessary to develop an integral literature bibliographic database of the Belarusian literature in Poland. Literatura białoruska w Polsce po roku 1989. O potrzebie tworzenia bazy literackiejKiedy się mówi o literaturze białoruskiej w Polsce, trzeba mieć na uwadze literaturę piękną, jej przekłady na język polski i literaturę przedmiotu. O obecności literatury białoruskiej w Polsce powojennej świadczą bibliografie: przekładów obejmująca lata 1945-1994 (G. Charytoniuk, Literatura białoruska w Polsce. Bibliografia przekładów za lata 1945-1994, Białystok 1996) i przedmiotowa lat 1945-1998 (G. Charytoniuk, Polskie białorutenika literackie. Bibliografia przedmiotowa 1945-1998, Białystok 1998). Nowe warunki polityczne, społeczne i ekonomiczne w Polsce po 1989 roku wpłynęły i na sytuację literatury białoruskiej. Pojawiły się nowe  uniwersyteckie katedry i zakłady naukowe. Realizują one projekty badawcze uwzględniające literaturę białoruską w Polsce i na Białorusi. Powstały liczne organizacje pozarządowe (fundacje, towarzystwa i stowarzyszenia) nie tylko na Białostocczyźnie, ale i w innych miejscach w kraju. Utworzył się nowy rynek wydawniczy, który zwrócił uwagę  i na współczesną literaturę krajów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, w tym białoruską. Ważną rolę w popularyzacji literatury białoruskiej pełni Internet. Literatura ta jest rejestrowana przez bibliografię narodową (Przewodnik Bibliograficzny, Bibliografia Zawartości Czasopism) i regionalną (Bibliografię Województwa Podlaskiego). Wyszukiwanie informacji ułatwiają instytucjonalne repozytoria naukowe i biblioteki cyfrowe. Znaczna część dokumentów pozostaje jednak poza rejestracją bibliograficzną. Pojawia się więc potrzeba stworzenia bazy literackiej dotyczącej literatury białoruskiej w Polsce, która dążyłaby do kompletności bibliograficznej

A comparison of univariate methods for forecasting electricity demand up to a day ahead

This empirical paper compares the accuracy of six univariate methods for short-term electricity demand forecasting for lead times up to a day ahead. The very short lead times are of particular interest as univariate methods are often replaced by multivariate methods for prediction beyond about six hours ahead. The methods considered include the recently proposed exponential smoothing method for double seasonality and a new method based on principal component analysis (PCA). The methods are compared using a time series of hourly demand for Rio de Janeiro and a series of half-hourly demand for England and Wales. The PCA method performed well, but, overall, the best results were achieved with the exponential smoothing method, leading us to conclude that simpler and more robust methods, which require little domain knowledge, can outperform more complex alternatives

Upgrade of an artificial neural network prediction method for electrical consumption forecasting using an hourly temperature curve model

This paper presents the upgrading of a method for predicting short-term building energy consumption that was previously developed by the authors (EUs method). The upgrade uses a time temperature curve (TTC) forecast model. The EUs method involves the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting each independent process end-uses (EUs). End-uses consume energy with a specific behaviour in function of certain external variables. The EUs method obtains the total consumption by the addition of the forecasted end-uses. The inputs required for this method are the parameters that may affect consumption, such as temperature, type of day, etc. Historical data of the total consumption and the consumption of each end-use are also required. A model for prediction of the time temperature curve has been developed for the new forecast method (TEUs method). The temperature at each moment of the day is obtained using the prediction of the maximum and minimum daytime temperature. This provides various benefits when selecting the training days and in the training and forecasting phases, thus improving the relationship between expected consumption and temperatures. The method has been tested and validated with the consumption forecast of the Universitat Politècnica de València for an entire year.This research work has been possible with the support of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain) with grant #CE 19990032.Roldán Blay, C.; Escrivá-Escrivá, G.; Álvarez Bel, CM.; Roldán Porta, C.; Rodriguez-Garcia, J. (2013). Upgrade of an artificial neural network prediction method for electrical consumption forecasting using an hourly temperature curve model. Energy and Buildings. 60:38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.12.009S38466

New artificial neural network prediction method for electrical consumption forecasting based on building end-uses

Due to the current high energy prices it is essential to find ways to take advantage of new energy resources and enable consumers to better understand their load curve. This understanding will help to improve customer flexibility and their ability to respond to price or other signals from the electricity market. In this scenario, one of the most important steps is to carry out an accurate calculation of the expected consumption curve, i.e. the baseline. Subsequently, with a proper baseline, customers can participate in demand response programs and verify performed actions. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) method for short-term prediction of total power consumption in buildings with several independent processes. This problem has been widely discussed in recent literature but a new point of view is proposed. The method is based on two fundamental features: total consumption forecast based on independent processes of the considered load or end-uses; and an adequate selection of the training data set in order to simplify the ANN architecture. Validation of the method has been performed with the prediction of the whole consumption expressed as 96 active energy quarter-hourly values of the Universitat Politcnica de Valncia, a commercial customer consuming 11,500 kW. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This research work has been possible with the support of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain) with grant #CE 19990032.Escrivá-Escrivá, G.; Álvarez Bel, CM.; Roldán Blay, C.; Alcázar-Ortega, M. (2011). New artificial neural network prediction method for electrical consumption forecasting based on building end-uses. Energy and Buildings. 43(11):3112-3119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.008S31123119431

Prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway leads to structural changes in the hippocampus of adult rat offspring

Glutamate receptors for N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) are involved in early brain development. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes the NMDA receptor agonist quinolinic acid and the antagonist kynurenic acid. We now report that prenatal inhibition of the pathway in rats with 3,4-dimethoxy-N-[4-(3-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulphonamide (Ro61-8048) produces marked changes in hippocampal neuron morphology, spine density and the immunocytochemical localisation of developmental proteins in the offspring at postnatal day 60. Golgi–Cox silver staining revealed decreased overall numbers and lengths of CA1 basal dendrites and secondary basal dendrites, together with fewer basal dendritic spines and less overall dendritic complexity in the basal arbour. Fewer dendrites and less complexity were also noted in the dentate gyrus granule cells. More neurons containing the nuclear marker NeuN and the developmental protein sonic hedgehog were detected in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus. Staining for doublecortin revealed fewer newly generated granule cells bearing extended dendritic processes. The number of neuron terminals staining for vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)-1 and VGLUT-2 was increased by Ro61-8048, with no change in expression of vesicular GABA transporter or its co-localisation with vesicle-associated membrane protein-1. These data support the view that constitutive kynurenine metabolism normally plays a role in early embryonic brain development, and that interfering with it has profound consequences for neuronal structure and morphology, lasting into adulthood

Changes in synaptic transmission and protein expression in the brains of adult offspring after prenatal inhibition of the kynurenine pathway

During early brain development, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in cell migration, neuritogenesis, axon guidance and synapse formation, but the mechanisms which regulate NMDA receptor density and function remain unclear. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes an agonist (quinolinic acid) and an antagonist (kynurenic acid) at NMDA receptors and we have previously shown that inhibition of the pathway using the kynurenine-3-monoxygenase inhibitor Ro61-8048 in late gestation produces rapid changes in protein expression in the embryos and effects on synaptic transmission lasting until postnatal day 21 (P21). The present study sought to determine whether any of these effects are maintained into adulthood. After prenatal injections of Ro61-8048 the litter was allowed to develop to P60 when some offspring were euthanized and the brains removed for examination. Analysis of protein expression by Western blotting revealed significantly reduced expression of the GluN2A subunit (32%) and the morphogenetic protein sonic hedgehog (31%), with a 29% increase in the expression of doublecortin, a protein associated with neurogenesis. No changes were seen in mRNA abundance using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Neuronal excitability was normal in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices but paired-pulse stimulation revealed less inhibition at short interpulse intervals. The amount of long-term potentiation was decreased by 49% in treated pups and recovery after low-frequency stimulation was delayed. The results not only strengthen the view that basal, constitutive kynurenine metabolism is involved in normal brain development, but also show that changes induced prenatally can affect the brains of adult offspring and those changes are quite different from those seen previously at weaning (P21). Those changes may be mediated by altered expression of NMDAR subunits and sonic hedgehog

Optimization methods for electric power systems: An overview

Power systems optimization problems are very difficult to solve because power systems are very large, complex, geographically widely distributed and are influenced by many unexpected events. It is therefore necessary to employ most efficient optimization methods to take full advantages in simplifying the formulation and implementation of the problem. This article presents an overview of important mathematical optimization and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in power optimization problems. Applications of hybrid AI techniques have also been discussed in this article