NCAA Division III Athletes\u27 Perceptions of Athletic Trainers: An Examination of Athletes With and Without Exposure to Athletic Training Services in High School

Nearly 70 years ago, the field of athletic training was founded, and has since been recognized by many governing bodies, including the American Medical Association (NATA, 2018). Although the field has grown and evolved since 1950, today less than 50% of high schools in the United States employ an athletic trainer on staff (Pryor et al., 2015). With such an underrepresentation of athletic trainers in high schools, many athletes enter college with little understanding of what athletic trainers do. But does earlier exposure to athletic training services result in better understanding of athletic training services and use of those services? The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the differences in perceptions, knowledge, and utilization of athletic training and its services, comparing athletes with and without exposure to athletic training while in high school. Ten NCAA Division III athletes from a variety of sports were interviewed. Results show a lack of differences in responses between those with and without exposure to athletic trainers. Common themes emerged in both cohorts, such as the stigma with going to see an athletic trainer, a lack of knowledge and utilization for services, and the perceived need for the field

Making Connections - Envisioning Springfield\u27s North End

This work explores a service learning strategy in the context of the senior Urban Design Studio taught in the Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The primary goal of this project is to stimulate a conversation in the neighborhoods of the North End, to develop green design strategies, to improve services and businesses for residents and the employees of local businesses, and to foster cultural engagement and interaction in the North End that will enhance the vibrancy, resilience, and quality of life of this urban community. Making connections - Envisioning Springfield\u27s North End proposes improved connectivity in a physical, cultural, and social sense will be key to attaining these goals and to engaging and synergizing individuals and community groups in the North End - residents, businesses, schools, churches, employers, and employees. Six sustainable learning and planning principles have emerged from this studio: 1. Input and interaction – Visioning workshops connect campus and community 2. Community-building art - Expression of place and people 3. Healthy living - Urban agriculture and education 4. Urban greenways – Abandoned railways and urban rivers and streams 5. Green infrastructure - Green streets as networks and structural framework 6. Sustainable urban form – Mixed use and pedestrian friendly neighborhood

Social distance between local residents and African-American expatriates in the context of Ghana's slavery-based heritage tourism

This paper explores the social distance between local residents and African-Americans who have settled in Ghana since the 1960s. Data generated from in-depth interviews suggest the African-American expatriates felt their proximity to collective slave memory or particularly slavery heritage conferred on them certain rights to exclude local residents who are more susceptible to forgetting the past. By appropriating traces of the past, the African-American expatriates provide a range of tourism services, albeit to visitors they believed subscribed to socially constructed meanings elicited at slave sites. The study suggests explicit recognition of African-American expatriates in the levels of contestations that result from slavery-based heritage tourism

Community detection in graphs

The modern science of networks has brought significant advances to our understanding of complex systems. One of the most relevant features of graphs representing real systems is community structure, or clustering, i. e. the organization of vertices in clusters, with many edges joining vertices of the same cluster and comparatively few edges joining vertices of different clusters. Such clusters, or communities, can be considered as fairly independent compartments of a graph, playing a similar role like, e. g., the tissues or the organs in the human body. Detecting communities is of great importance in sociology, biology and computer science, disciplines where systems are often represented as graphs. This problem is very hard and not yet satisfactorily solved, despite the huge effort of a large interdisciplinary community of scientists working on it over the past few years. We will attempt a thorough exposition of the topic, from the definition of the main elements of the problem, to the presentation of most methods developed, with a special focus on techniques designed by statistical physicists, from the discussion of crucial issues like the significance of clustering and how methods should be tested and compared against each other, to the description of applications to real networks.Comment: Review article. 103 pages, 42 figures, 2 tables. Two sections expanded + minor modifications. Three figures + one table + references added. Final version published in Physics Report

Science, Music and Theatre: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Singing Tragic Chorus of Greek Tragedy

This thesis argues for the relevance of the history of Science, and its natural corollaries of music and space, in order to understand the chorus and its historical and cultural interconnections. The synchronous emergence of ancient natural philosophy, a new form of mousike and theatre space during the birth of the tragic chorus is more than coincidence. In seminal productions of Greek tragedy throughout European history the singing tragic chorus will be aligned with concurrent modulations in scientific principles and in aesthetics. My interdisciplinary approach recognizes an on-going interrelation between science and the arts based on shifting notions of the principles of order and disorder. Using a history of ideas framework, a scientific analogue describes the conceptual changes that emerge out of the tensions between tradition and innovation . The singing tragic chorus serves as a historical touchstone, each chapter focusing on an exemplary production in the performance history of Greek tragedy: Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus in c. 429 BCE Athens (ancient), Oedipus Rex in 1585 Vicenza (renaissance), Antigone in 1841 Potsdam (classical/romantic), and Oedipus Rex in 1927 Paris (modernist). The chronological arrangement is structured as a comparative reading and not as a continuous historical narrative or comprehensive survey. The interface of science with music and theatre will be discussed from two standpoints which I have defined as Chorality and Theatricality. In Chorality, I look at the relationship of text and music. In Theatricality, I discuss the interaction of the chorus with theatre space. Using the singing tragic chorus as a nexus for the interaction of science and art, I conclude that the dynamic coexistence of order and disorder, in both nature and the human condition, continually necessitates changes in the explanatory and descriptive language of both disciplines.</br

Water Management Diagnostics of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

219 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009.A final finding is that surface defects in the flow field impact the water distribution pattern. To the author's knowledge, this is the first time the importance of flow field surface quality is considered, and its impact is found to be profound. In our system we find that defects act as 'sticking' points on the flow channel bottom, creating water waves that do not exhaust from the fuel cell. These stuck waves increase the pressure drop within the fuel cell, as well as reducing its freeze resistance, catalyst stability, and stack stability.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Water Management Diagnostics of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

219 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009.A final finding is that surface defects in the flow field impact the water distribution pattern. To the author's knowledge, this is the first time the importance of flow field surface quality is considered, and its impact is found to be profound. In our system we find that defects act as 'sticking' points on the flow channel bottom, creating water waves that do not exhaust from the fuel cell. These stuck waves increase the pressure drop within the fuel cell, as well as reducing its freeze resistance, catalyst stability, and stack stability.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Comparing particulate emissions between electronic nicotine delivery devices: context for smoke-free indoor air quality

Background Smoke-free indoor air policy has been widely adopted in some regions of the United States in order to protect bystanders from the deleterious effects of indoor tobacco smoke exposure; however, similar legislation has widely not been applied to ENDS devices. This study investigated differences in PM 2.5 matter emitted into the indoor environment from a selection of ENDS products under controlled conditions. Methods Sixteen smokers were recruited to vape in seven individual sessions (one visit per week). During each visit, participants vaped using one of seven different ENDS products. All vaping occurred within a dedicated exposure chamber. Volunteers drew twenty puffs on their assigned devices over a ten-minute exposure period. ENDS products tested included: disposable, e-cigar, vaporizer, rechargeable, e-pipe, and e-Go devices. TSI SidePaks were used to record both ambient and ENDS-associated unadjusted PM 2.5 before, during, and after each exposure period. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. Results The rechargeable device emitted the highest amount of PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) on average (µ=21.6, σ=7.82). The disposable device emitted the lowest amount of PM 2.5 on average (µ=4.14, σ=1.09). The difference in PM2.5 matter in the smoking chamber during each session compared to ambient levels before each session was significant (p< 0.05) by paired t-test for all devices except e-pipe, which was borderline significant (p=0.053). The mean difference in PM 2.5 emissions between the rechargeable device was significantly from e-cigar (p=0.048), e-Go (p=0.048), and disposable (p=0.021) products. Conclusions This study found that ENDS devices emit levels of particulate matter into the indoor environment that are significantly higher than ambient PM 2.5 levels. Further, significant emission differences were also detected between ENDS products. These findings suggest that incorporating ENDS products into existing smoke-free indoor air policy would protect non-users from side-stream exposure to ENDS aerosol