Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization

Ecomorphological studies evaluating the impact of environmental and biological factors on the brain have so far focused on morphology or size measurements, and the ecological relevance of potential multi-level variations in brain architecture remains unclear in vertebrates. Here, we exploit the extraordinary ecomorphological diversity of squamates to assess brain phenotypic diversification with respect to locomotor specialization, by integrating single-cell distribution and transcriptomic data along with geometric morphometric, phylogenetic, and volumetric analysis of high-definition 3D models. We reveal significant changes in cerebellar shape and size as well as alternative spatial layouts of cortical neurons and dynamic gene expression that all correlate with locomotor behaviours. These findings show that locomotor mode is a strong predictor of cerebellar structure and pattern, suggesting that major behavioural transitions in squamates are evolutionarily correlated with mosaic brain changes. Furthermore, our study amplifies the concept of 'cerebrotype', initially proposed for vertebrate brain proportions, towards additional shape characters.Peer reviewe

Past, present and future of adjuvant HIPEC in patients at high risk for colorectal peritoneal metastases

EDITORIA

OS PRINCIPAIS FATORES DA ECMO NA UTI PEDIÁTRICA

Although Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) provides many benefits in the treatment of critically ill pediatric intensive care patients, having many connectors and access points in the circuit is not without risks. In view of this, the objective was to investigate the complications that are susceptible to pediatric patients using ECMO in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and the respective interventions for the recovery of the state of health. To this end, a narrative review of the literature was carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE and SCIELO databases, in the period 2018-2023. With the results obtained in research, there is evidence of a great interest in Intensive Care Medicine in improving the approach to pediatric patients undergoing ECMO, due to the risk of complications, such as, for example, the presence and/or formation of clots, gas embolism and /or failure of the oxygenator when performing the technique. Such events are associated with the interactions of the blood with the artificial surfaces of the circuit and changes in the blood flow pattern, in addition to a greater number of adverse events related to the prolonged treatment time, but which can be prevented by prioritizing monitoring in two lines of action: monitoring the technique, including cannula care, oxygenator output, oxygenator rotations, oxygenator pressures, circuit temperature, coagulation index, gasometric evaluation in the oxygenator; and patient monitoring by assessing vital parameters and capillary blood glucose, the neurological system, diuresis and blood loss, positioning, as well as ventilatory and gasometric parameters.Embora a Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea (ECMO) proporcione muitos benefícios no tratamento de pacientes pediátricos sob cuidados intensivos em estado crítico, o fato de possuir muitos conectores e pontos de acesso no circuito não encontra-se isenta de riscos. Em vista disso, objetivou-se investigar as complicações que encontram-se suscetíveis os pacientes pediátricos em uso da ECMO na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica e as respectivas intervenções para a recuperação do estado de saúde. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SCIELO, no período de 2018-2023. Com os resultados obtidos em pesquisa, evidencia-se um grande interesse na Medicina Intensiva em melhorar a abordagem do paciente pediátrico submetido à ECMO, pelo risco de complicações como, por exemplo, presença e/ou formação de trombos, embolia gasosa e/ou falha do oxigenador durante a execução da técnica. Esses eventos estão associados a interações do sangue com superfícies artificiais do circuito e alterações no padrão de fluxo sanguíneo, além de um maior número de eventos adversos relacionados à duração prolongada do tratamento, mas que podem ser retidos priorizando o monitoramento em dois itinerários de tratamento.ação: técnica de monitoramento, incluindo manutenção da cânula, fluxo do oxigenador, rotações do oxigenador, pressões do oxigenador, temperatura do circuito, índice de coagulação, avaliação gasométrica no oxigenador; e monitoramento do paciente por meio da avaliação de parâmetros vitais e glicemia capilar, sistema neurológico, diurese e perda sanguínea, posicionamento, bem como parâmetros ventilatórios e gasometria arteria

Supplement: "Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914" (2016, ApJL, 826, L13)

This Supplement provides supporting material for Abbott et al. (2016a). We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands

Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098 and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimates of the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio, optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-ray Coordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localization coverage, the timeline, and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger, there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursue neutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-up campaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Localization and Broadband Follow-up of the Gravitational-wave Transient GW150914

A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098 and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimates of the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio, optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-ray Coordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localization coverage, the timeline, and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger, there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursue neutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-up campaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams. </p

Observation of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ compact object and a neutron star

We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ and 1.2–2.0 M ⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 M ⊙ at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of 55−47+127Gpc−3yr−1 for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star–black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources may make up the majority of neutron star–black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star–black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap

Search for strongly interacting massive particles generating trackless jets in proton–proton collisions at s√ = 13 TeV

Data Availability Statement: This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS policy as stated in “CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy” (https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/ PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032&filename=CMSDataPolicyV1. 2.pdf&version=2).]Copyright © 2022 The Authors. A search for dark matter in the form of strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) using the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. The SIMPs would be produced in pairs that manifest themselves as pairs of jets without tracks. The energy fraction of jets carried by charged particles is used as a key discriminator to suppress efficiently the large multijet background, and the remaining background is estimated directly from data. The search is performed using proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 16.1fb−1, collected with the CMS detector in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected background. For the simplified dark matter model under consideration, SIMPs with masses up to 100GeV are excluded and further sensitivity is explored towards higher masses.SCOAP3