Chlorine-mediated surface reconstruction enables highly active and stable ▫Co3O4Co_3O_4▫ for acidic chlorine evolution

The electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is central to seawater electrolysis for converting Cl to Cl2, yet its practical application is hindered by the high cost and Cl-coordination-induced instability of conventional Ir and Ru-based catalysts. Herein, we present an electrolyte Cl-mediated reconstruction of Co3O4 xClx layer formed on Co3O4 in acidic saline solution. This in situ reconstructed layer enables highly efficient and durable acidic CER. Through a combination of in situ and ex situ characterizations, we show that the spontaneously incorporated Cl induces structural defects and modulates the oxidation behavior of Co sites, facilitating rapid oxidation of tetrahedral Co2+ at low potentials to initiate CER while inhibiting over-oxidation of octahedral Co3+ at high potentials. The resulting catalyst achieves 97% Cl2 selectivity with a low overpotential of ~0.15 V at 10 mA cm 2 while maintaining stable operation for more than 250 h. This work provides a simple and effective electrolyte-mediated reconstruction strategy to enhance both the selectivity and stability of non-precious-metal catalysts for acidic chlorine evolution

Hemin molecular catalyst with axial Cl-Fe coordination for selective and stable acidic chlorine evolution

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is essential for industrial chlorine production. However, achieving high CER selectivity remains a challenge due to the high cost and narrow potential gap between the CER and the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in conventional noble oxide catalysts. In this work, Hemin is adopted as a model molecular catalyst for CER owing to its porphyrin macrocycle and the axial Cl ligand, achieving an overpotential of ∼190 mV at 10 mA cm–2 with ∼100% chlorine selectivity and excellent stability over 100 h in corrosive acidic brine. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses reveal that the axial Cl–Fe interaction stabilizes the rigid configuration geometry of the Hemin molecule, while the π-conjugated macrocycle and the Fe-centered electronic effect jointly modulate the electronic state of Fe. This combination effectively suppresses electrochemical demetalation and preserves structural integrity for enhancing selectivity and durability. It is hoped that this work can propose fundamental insight into the rational design of efficient molecular electrocatalysts for promoted chlorine evolution

Analysis of internal communication factors in the selected organization unit: Contact centre, Ministry for digital transformation

V sodobnem družbenem okolju postaja učinkovito interno komuniciranje eden ključnih dejavnikov za uspešnosti organizacij. Namen magistrske naloge je bil ugotoviti, kako zaposleni zaznavajo komunikacijske procese v izbrani organizacijski enoti ter katere dejavnike ocenjujejo kot ključne za izboljšanje notranje povezanosti in učinkovitosti dela. Raziskava je temeljila na kvantitativni metodi z izvedbo anonimne ankete med zaposlenimi, zbrani podatki pa so bili statistično obdelani s pomočjo programa “1KA” in orodij za grafično analizo. Rezultati so pokazali, da je interna komunikacija v organizaciji večinoma odprta in sodelovalna, vendar obstajajo priložnosti za izboljšave, zlasti pri povratnih informacijah in pri pravočasnosti sporočanja navodil. Horizontalna komunikacija med sodelavci se je izkazala kot najmočnejši dejavnik pozitivnega delovnega vzdušja, medtem ko vertikalna komunikacija še vedno predstavlja izziv. Ugotovitve raziskave so uporabne tako v praksi kot v teoriji ker ponujajo konkretne usmeritve za krepitev notranjih odnosov, razvoj zaupanja in dvig organizacijske kulture v javni upravi. Prispevajo tudi k širšemu razumevanju pomena internega komuniciranja kot strateškega orodja za usmerjanje in trajnostni razvoj organizacije.In the modern social environment, effective internal communication is becoming one of the key factors in organizational success. The purpose of this master\u27s thesis was to determine how employees perceive communication processes within the selected organizational unit and which factors they consider crucial for improving internal cohesion and work efficiency. The research was based on a quantitative method using an anonymous survey among employees. The collected data were statistically processed using the “1KA” program and tools for graphical analysis. The results showed that internal communication in the organization is mostly open and collaborative, although there are opportunities for improvement, particularly in feedback exchange and the timeliness of conveying instructions. Horizontal communication among colleagues proved to be the strongest factor contributing to a positive working atmosphere, while vertical communication still presents certain challenges. The findings are useful both in practice and in theory, as they provide concrete guidelines for strengthening internal relations, building trust, and enhancing the organizational culture within public administration. They also contribute to a broader understanding of internal communication as a strategic tool for organizational guidance and sustainable development

Portal v vsolje

Prva oddaja nove sezone prinaša pogovor s profesorico Andrejo Gomboc iz Univerze v Novi Gorici o hitrih rentgenskih tranzientih. Andreja je sodelovala pri raziskavi, s katero smo naredili pomemben korak k razumevanju teh pojavov. Za nami je pestro poletje z veliko zanimivimi novicami iz vesoljskega sveta. V podkastu na kratko omenim medzvezdni komet 3I/ATLAS, odkritje najmasivnejše znane črne luknje zvezdne mase in pa Betelgezo in sedaj že kar zimzeleno vprašanje: je Betelgeza ena ali sta dve

Vtisi rezidentk na Humanistični rezidenci Branislave Sušnik v Medvodah

Predstavljeni so pogledi Glorie Scappini, Yanine Vidal in Agustine de Vera