Efeito da alta-pressão na qualidade e estabilidade de emulsões alimentares

A primeira parte deste trabalho, realizada em Portugal, teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de uma tecnologia não térmica, designada alta pressão (HPP), como possível alternativa ao tratamento térmico convencional, no aumento do prazo de validade de natas, um produto altamente perecível. A nata foi submetida à alta pressão (450 MPa por 5 min e 600 MPa por 5 e 15 min) e à pasteurização térmica, e armazenada durante 52 dias sob refrigeração (4 °C), para comparar os efeitos de ambos os tratamentos na sua carga microbiana (microrganismos endógenos e inoculados) e parâmetros físico-químicos. Diferentemente das amostras de HPP a 600 MPa, no 51º dia de armazenamento, os microrganismos endógenos das amostras termicamente pasteurizadas já tinham ultrapassado 6.00 log CFU/mL. Além disso, a alta pressão também foi capaz de reduzir (p0.05) pelas diferentes condições de processamento, exceto os compostos voláteis, que apresentaram uma tendência para aumentar ao longo do período de armazenamento. Estes resultados sugerem o HPP como um potencial substituto à pasteurização térmica convencional, podendo resultar num aumento de prazo de validade da nata. A segunda parte desta tese, realizada em Itália, teve como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de utilizar a tecnologia de ultrassons para obter uma emulsão estável, com altos valores nutricionais e microbiologicamente segura por HPP, obtida a partir de azeite extra-virgem (EVOO) (o tipo mais valioso de azeite) de diferentes teores de polifenóis, usando reduzidas quantidades de emulsificante. Observou-se que para obter uma emulsão estável por ultrassons foi necessário utilizar um emulsificante, neste caso mono- e diglicerídeos de ácidos gordos. Além disso, EVOOs com alto teor de polifenóis produziram emulsões mais estáveis. No entanto, o conteúdo em polifenóis não pareceu ter um efeito sobre as propriedades reológicas da emulsão. Após otimização das condições de ultrassons e as percentagens de cada ingrediente usado para obter a emulsão, foi possível obter uma emulsão estável. Em termos de estabilidade microbiológica, o HPP (500 MPa por 5 min) foi capaz de inibir ou retardar o crescimento microbiano ao longo do tempo (20 dias), mantendo as emulsões estáveis mesmo após armazenamento à temperatura ambienteThe first part of this work, carried out in Portugal, aimed to evaluate the effects of a non-thermal technology, known as high pressure processing (HPP), as a possible alternative to the conventional heat treatment, in extending dairy cream’s, a highly perishable dairy product, shelf-life. Cream was subjected to HPP (450 MPa for 5 min and 600 MPa for 5 and 15 min) and to thermal pasteurization and then stored for 52 days under refrigeration (4 °C), in order to compare the effects of both treatments on cream’s microbiology (endogenous and inoculated microorganisms) and physicochemical parameters. Unlike HPP samples at 600 MPa, by the 51st day of storage, endogenous microorganisms of thermally pasteurized samples had already surpassed 6.00 log CFU/mL. Furthermore, HPP was also able to reduce (p0.05) by the different processing conditions, with the exception of volatile compounds, which presented a tendency to increase throughout storage period. These results hint HPP as a potential replacement of conventional thermal pasteurization regarding cream’s shelf-life extension. The second part of this thesis, carried out in Italy, aimed to evaluate the possibility of using ultrasounds technology to obtain a stable emulsion, with high nutritional values and microbiologically safe by HPP, based on extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) (one of the most valuable type of olive oil) with different polyphenol content, using reduced amounts of emulsifier. It was observed that to obtain a stable emulsion by ultrasounds it was necessary to use an emulsifier, in this case mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids. Furthermore, EVOOs with high polyphenols content yield more stable emulsions. Nevertheless, the polyphenols content did not seem to have an effect on emulsion’s rheological properties. After optimizing the ultrasounds conditions and the percentages of each ingredient used to make the emulsion, it was possible to obtain a stable emulsion. Regarding microbial stability, HPP (500 MPa for 5 min) was able to inhibit or slow microbial growth over time, keeping the emulsions stable even after storage (20 days) at room temperatureMestrado em Biotecnologi

DINÂMICA NICTEMERAL EM VIVEIRO DE PISCICULTURA COM MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS NO CULTIVO DE PIRARUCU

As macrófitas aquáticas podem ser utilizadas para estabilizar os parâmetros limnológicos em pisciculturas. Avaliou-se os parâmetros oxigênio dissolvido (mg L-1), pH, temperatura (°C) e condutividade (µs cm-1) da água em um viveiro escavado sob cultivo do Arapaima gigas (SCHINZ, 1822), com presença e ausência de macrófitas aquáticas. O desenvolvimento do estudo foi no Centro de Piscicultura Carlos Eduardo Matiazze, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Presidente Médici-RO. Os niveis de oxigênio dissolvido demonstraram que a presença de macrófitas aquáticas elevaram seu o teor em água. A temperatura se manteve com médias normais para regiões tropicais. O pH manteve-se neutro durante os períodos do estudo, e a condutividadeapresentou tendência de redução nos períodos do final da tarde e na presença de macrófitas aquáticas no viveiro. A presença controlada de macrófitas aquáticas nos viveiros pode manter os parâmetros limnológicos estáveis. O que proporcionou melhores condições de cultivo ao pirarucu

Qualidade de vida em idosos durante a pandemia da COVID-19: Relato de experiência de um grupo operativo de estudantes de medicina

O bem-estar e a saúde mental da população idosa é pauta central desde o início da transição do perfil demográfico no Brasil, sendo essa preocupação intensificada pelo estado de emergência de saúde pública instaurado com o advento do SARS-CoV-2. Por meio de grupos operativos adaptados ao isolamento social, tenta-se manter o envolvimento comunitário e a prática coletiva de discussão para alívio da sensação de solitude. Sendo assim, uma equipe da disciplina de Práticas Integrativas de Ensino, Serviço e Comunidade II, da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, em Diamantina, executou um grupo operativo com 4 idosas, na idade entre 63 a 84 anos, via online pelo aplicativo Google Meet, a fim de avaliar a qualidade de vida e o impacto da pandemia nessa parcela da população. Os resultados foram avaliados qualitativamente pela equipe e discutidos com o docente de acordo com as evidências científicas de qualidade de vida para os idosos. Foram abordados temas como ansiedade, sono, atividade física, hábitos alimentares, convívio social e estado emocional no período de pandemia. Foram relatadas mudanças nos hábitos após o distanciamento social, principalmente pela ansiedade e contexto social, mas foi possível perceber o interesse das participantes em discutir e compartilhar o que sentiam, para solucionar os empecilhos em conjunto. O projeto teve boa aceitação e repercussão, podendo ser um precursor de mais medidas de terapia comunitária nas ações públicas que visam melhoria da qualidade de vida e bem-estar social na senilidade, especialmente em condições de isolamento social. Palavras-chave: : Terapia Comunitária; Saúde Mental; Bem-Estar; Terceira Idade; Isolamento Social Quality of life in elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic: Report of an operative group experience by medical students Abstract: The well-being and mental health of the elderly population has been a central issue since the beginning of the demographic profile transition in Brazil, and this concern has been intensified by the state of public health emergency installed with the advent of SARS-CoV-2. By using operative groups adapted to social isolation, we try to maintain community involvement and the collective practice of discussion to mitigate the feeling of loneliness. Thus, a team from the Integrative Practices of Education, Service and Community II course at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Medical School, in Diamantina (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) carried out an operative group with 4 elderly women, ages 63 to 84, online via Google Meet, in order to assess their quality of life and the impact of the pandemic on this section of the population. The results were qualitative analyzed by the team and discussed with the faculty according to the scientific evidence on quality of life for the elderly. Topics such as anxiety, sleep, physical activity, eating habits, social interaction and emotional state during the pandemic period were addressed. Changes in habits were reported after the social distance, mainly due to anxiety and social context, but it was possible to observe the participants' interest in discussing and sharing what they felt to solve the problems as a group. The project had high acceptance and impact, and may be a forerunner of more community therapy measures in public actions aimed at improving quality of life and social well-being in senility, especially in social distancing conditions. Keywords: Community Therapy; Mental Health; Well-Being; Seniors; Social Isolatio

HERA - Environmental Risk Assessment of a contaminated estuarine environment: a case study

Sado River estuary is located in the west coast of Portugal. Previous environmental studies identified industrial contamination, non-point anthropogenic sources and contamination coming from the river, all promoting accumulation of polluted sediments with known impacts on the ecological system. Surrounding human populations have intense economic fishery activities. Together with agriculture, estuary fishing products are available to local residents. Food usage previously characterized through ethnographic studies suggests exposure to estuarine products, farming products, and water in daily activities, as potential routes of contamination. It is well established that long term exposure to heavy metals are associated with renal and neurological diseases, most heavy metals are classified as carcinogenic and teratogenic.Instituição Financiadora: FCT; Instituições participantes: IMAR -Instituto do Mar (coord.)e PRÓ-INSA, Associação para a Promoção da Investigação em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorg

a multicenter study

(1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.publishersversionpublishe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups