Understanding socio-technological systems change through an indigenous community-based participatory framework

Moving toward a sustainable global society requires substantial change in both social and technological systems. This sustainability is dependent not only on addressing the environmental impacts of current social and technological systems, but also on addressing the social, economic and political harms that continue to be perpetuated through systematic forms of oppression and the exclusion of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) communities. To adequately identify and address these harms, we argue that scientists, practitioners, and communities need a transdis-ciplinary framework that integrates multiple types of knowledge, in particular, Indigenous and experiential knowledge. Indigenous knowledge systems embrace relationality and reciprocity rather than extraction and oppression, and experiential knowledge grounds transition priorities in lived experiences rather than expert assessments. Here, we demonstrate how an Indigenous, experiential, and community-based participatory framework for understanding and advancing socio-technolog-ical system transitions can facilitate the co-design and co-development of community-owned energy systems

Tumor cells convert immature myeloid dendritic cells into TGF-β–secreting cells inducing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell proliferation

The mechanisms through which regulatory T cells accumulate in lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing hosts remain elusive. Our experiments indicate that the accumulation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) expressing FoxP3 and exhibiting immunosuppressive function originates from the proliferation of naturally occurring CD25+ T cells and requires signaling through transforming growth factor (TGF)–β receptor II. During tumor progression, a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) exhibiting a myeloid immature phenotype is recruited to draining lymph nodes. This DC subset selectively promotes the proliferation of T reg cells in a TGF-β–dependent manner in mice and rats. Tumor cells are necessary and sufficient to convert DCs into regulatory cells that secrete bioactive TGF-β and stimulate T reg cell proliferation. In conclusion, tumor expansion can stimulate T reg cells via a specific DC subset

MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO PARA TREINAMENTO ORTOPÉDICO: SOLUÇÃO DE THIEL MODIFICADA

The use of alternative methods for surgical training in veterinary medicine has been increasingly implemented. The Thiel solution is a corpse preservation method which maintains very similar characteristics of a living being, such as color, consistency, texture and flexibility of joints. However, it is considered a technique of high cost and with a degree of complexity in the development of the same. In addition, the objective of this work was to adapt this method to be used only in dogs’ hind limbs for orthopedic training, in order to reduce costs and make its implementation more practice. For such, 10 ex vivos dogs’ hind limbs were prepared with the Thiel solution. Subsequently, scholars of the discipline of veterinary surgery performed techniques in those limbs and answered a questionnaire, to leave their impressions about this alternate method. It is highlighted that 100% of the students found the external appearance of the limbs close to reality and 84.2% considered the limbs as a satisfactory training method of the aforementioned techniques, which maintained the articular bone integrity appropriate for the achievement of the techniques used. Therefore, the use of dogs’ hind limbs kept by the Thiel solution is valid for the surgical training of graduate students, its adaptation of the original formula used to the limbs made this method of preservation less costly and more practical, enabling the preparation of several pieces at once.O uso de métodos alternativos para treinamento cirúrgico nos cursos de Medicina Veterinária tem sido cada vez mais implementados. A solução de Thiel é um método de conservação de cadáveres que mantém características muito semelhantes de um ser vivo, como cor, consistência, textura e flexibilidade das articulações. Porém, é considerada uma técnica de custo elevado e com um grau de complexidade no desenvolvimento da mesma. Em função disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi adaptar esse método para ser utilizado apenas em membros pélvicos de cães para treinamento ortopédico, a fim de reduzir custos e tornar sua execução mais prática. Para tal, 10 membros pélvicos de cães ex vivos foram preparados com a solução de Thiel. Posteriormente, acadêmicos da disciplina de cirurgia veterinária executaram técnicas ortopédicas nesses membros e responderam um questionário, para deixar suas impressões a respeito desse método alternativo. Destaca-se que 100% dos estudantes acharam a aparência externa dos membros próxima da realidade e 84,2% consideraram os membros como um método satisfatório de treinamento das referidas técnicas, onde mantiveram a integridade óssea e articular adequadas para a realização das técnicas empregadas. Portanto, a utilização de membros pélvicos de cães conservados pela solução de Thiel é válida para o treinamento cirúrgico de estudantes da graduação, sua adaptação da fórmula original empregada aos membros tornou esse método de conservação menos oneroso e mais prático, viabilizando o preparo de várias peças de uma só vez

DRomics: A Turnkey Tool to Support the Use of the Dose–Response Framework for Omics Data in Ecological Risk Assessment

International audienceOmics approaches (e.g. transcriptomics, metabolomics) are promising for ecological risk assessment (ERA) since they provide mechanistic information and early warning signals. A crucial step in the analysis of omics data is the modelling of concentration-dependency which may have different trends including monotonic (e.g. linear, exponential) or biphasic (e.g. U shape, bell shape) forms. The diversity of responses raises challenges concerning detection and modelling of significant responses and effect concentration (EC) derivation. Furthermore, handling high-throughput datasets is time-consuming and requires effective and automated processing routines. Thus, we developed an open source tool (DRomics,available as an R-package and as a web-based service) which, after elimination of molecular responses (e.g. gene expressions from microarrays) with no concentration-dependency and/or high variability, identifies the best model for concentration-response curve description. Subsequently, an EC (e.g. a benchmark dose) is estimated from each curve and curves are classified based on their model parameters. This tool is especially dedicated to manage data obtained from an experimental design favoring a greatnumber of tested doses rather than a great number of replicates and also to handle properly monotonic and biphasic trends. The tool finally restitutes a table of results that can be directly used to perform ERA approaches

: Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS

DoctoralLe réseau thématique MAPS «Modélisation multi-Agent appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés » propose depuis 2009 des évènements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modélisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, d’enseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labellisé en tant que ≪ réseau thématique » par le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et bénéficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modèles ont été développés au cours d'événements MAPS. Ces modèles ont fait l'objet de fiches pédagogiques détaillées destinées aux communautés éducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire découvrir la modélisation à leurs étudiants, mais aussi à ceux qui envisagent d’approfondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont également destinées à tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient découvrir ce que la modélisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opérationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les réflexions scientifiques sur la modélisation et la simulation qui ont présidé à la rédaction de ces fiches

Extraordinary rocks from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater: P-wave velocity, density, and porosity measurements from IODP/ICDP Expedition 364

Joint International Ocean Discovery Program and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater. We present P-wave velocity, density, and porosity measurements from Hole M0077A that reveal unusual physical properties of the peak-ring rocks. Across the boundary between post-impact sedimentary rock and suevite (impact melt-bearing breccia) we measure a sharp decrease in velocity and density, and an increase in porosity. Velocity, density, and porosity values for the suevite are 2900–3700 m/s, 2.06–2.37 g/cm3, and 20–35%, respectively. The thin (25 m) impact melt rock unit below the suevite has velocity measurements of 3650–4350 m/s, density measurements of 2.26–2.37 g/cm3, and porosity measurements of 19–22%. We associate the low velocity, low density, and high porosity of suevite and impact melt rock with rapid emplacement, hydrothermal alteration products, and observations of pore space, vugs, and vesicles. The uplifted granitic peak ring materials have values of 4000–4200 m/s, 2.39–2.44 g/cm3, and 8–13% for velocity, density, and porosity, respectively; these values differ significantly from typical unaltered granite which has higher velocity and density, and lower porosity. The majority of Hole M0077A peak-ring velocity, density, and porosity measurements indicate considerable rock damage, and are consistent with numerical model predictions for peak-ring formation where the lithologies present within the peak ring represent some of the most shocked and damaged rocks in an impact basin. We integrate our results with previous seismic datasets to map the suevite near the borehole. We map suevite below the Paleogene sedimentary rock in the annular trough, on the peak ring, and in the central basin, implying that, post impact, suevite covered the entire floor of the impact basin. Suevite thickness is 100–165 m on the top of the peak ring but 200 m in the central basin, suggesting that suevite flowed downslope from the collapsing central uplift during and after peak-ring formation, accumulating preferentially within the central basin

The formation of peak rings in large impact craters

Large impacts provide a mechanism for resurfacing planets through mixing near-surface rocks with deeper material. Central peaks are formed from the dynamic uplift of rocks during crater formation. As crater size increases, central peaks transition to peak rings. Without samples, debate surrounds the mechanics of peak-ring formation and their depth of origin. Chicxulub is the only known impact structure on Earth with an unequivocal peak ring, but it is buried and only accessible through drilling. Expedition 364 sampled the Chicxulub peak ring, which we found was formed from uplifted, fractured, shocked, felsic basement rocks. The peak-ring rocks are cross-cut by dikes and shear zones and have an unusually low density and seismic velocity. Large impacts therefore generate vertical fluxes and increase porosity in planetary crust

Search for new physics with dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at root S = 13 TeV

Peer reviewe