Design Optimization of 3D Steel Frameworks Under Constraints of Natural Frequencies of Vibration

Steel multistorey 3D frames are commonly used in business and residential buildings, industrial sheds, warehouses, etc. The design optimization of tall steel buildings is usually governed by horizontal loadings, such as, wind load, as well as its dynamic behavior, for which the structure must have the stiffness and stability in accordance with the safety criteria established by codes. This chapter deals with sizing structural optimization problems, concerning weight minimization of 3D steel frames, considering natural frequencies of vibration as well as allowable displacements as the constraints of the optimization problem. The discrete design variables are to be chosen from commercial profiles tables. A differential evolution (DE) is the search algorithm adopted coupled to an adaptive penalty method (APM) to handle the constraints. Three different 3D frames are optimized, presenting very interesting results

Lessons From The Epidemiological Surveillance Program, During The Influenza A (h1n1) Virus Epidemic, In A Reference University Hospital Of Southeastern Brazil [lições Aprendidas Pelo Programa De Vigilância Epidemiológica, Durante A Epidemia Pelo Vírus Da Influenza A (h1n1), Em Um Hospital Universitário Na Região Sudeste Do Brasil]

Introduction: The case definition of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a powerful epidemiological tool during influenza epidemics. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the impact of two definitions used as epidemiological tools, in adults and children, during the influenza A H1N1 epidemic. Patients were included if they had upper respiratory samples tested for influenza by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction during two periods, using the ILI definition (coughing + temperature ≥ 38°C) in period 1, and the definition of severe acute respiratory infection (ARS) (coughing + temperature ≥ 38°C and dyspnoea) in period 2. Results: The study included 366 adults and 147 children, covering 243 cases of ILI and 270 cases of ARS. Laboratory confirmed cases of influenza were higher in adults (50%) than in children (21.6%) (p < 0.0001) and influenza infection was more prevalent in the ILI definition (53%) than ARS (24.4%) (p < 0.0001). Adults reported more chills and myalgia than children (p = 0.0001). Oseltamivir was administered in 58% and 46% of adults and children with influenza A H1N1, respectively. The influenza A H1N1 case fatality rate was 7% in adults and 8.3% in children. The mean time from onset of illness until antiviral administration was 4 days. Conclusions: The modification of ILI to ARS definition resulted in less accuracy in influenza diagnosis and did not improve the appropriate time and use of antiviral medication.444405411Dawood, F.S., Jain, S., Finelli, L., Shaw, M.W., Lindstrom, S., Emergence of a novel swineorigin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans (2009) N Engl J Med, 360, pp. 2605-2615. , Novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus investigation team, et alPeiris, J.S., Poon, L.L., Guan, Y., Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) H1N1 virus in humans (2009) J Clin Virol, 45, pp. 169-173Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A (H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans (2009) Science, 325, pp. 197-201. , WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, et alSmith, G.J.D., Vijaykrishna, D., Bahl, J., Lycett, S.J., Worobey, M., Pybus, O.G., Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic (2009) Nature, 450, pp. 1122-1126Oliveira, W.K., Penna, G., Kuchenbecker, R., Santos, H., Araujo, W., (2009) Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Brazil: Analysis of the First 34,506 Notified Cases of Influenza-like Illness with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI), , http://www.eurosurveillance.org/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=19362/, Surveillance Team for the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 in the Ministry of Health, et al, Euro Surveill, Available fromBerts, R.F., Flu virus (1995) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, pp. 1546-1567. , In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors, 4th ed. New York: Churchill LivingstoneBoivin, G., Hardy, I., Tellier, G., Maziade, J., Predicting flu infections during epidemics with the use of a clinical definition (2000) Clin Infect Dis, 31, pp. 1166-1169Monto, A.S., Gravenstein, S., Elliott, M., Colopy, M., Schweinle, J., Clinical signs and symptoms predicting influenza infection (2000) Arch Int Med, 160, pp. 3243-3247Ong, A.K., Chen, M.I., Lin, L., Tan, A.S., Nwe, N.W., Barkham, T., A comparative analysis of new influenza A (H1N1) cases (2009) PlosONE, 4, pp. e8453. , Improving the clinical diagnosis of influenzaChan, M.C., Chan, R.W., Yu, W.C., Ho, C.C., Yuen, K.M., Fong, J.H., Tropism and innate host responses of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in ex vivo and in vitro cultures of human conjunctiva and respiratory tract (2010) Am J Pathol, 176, pp. 1828-1840O'Riordan, S., Barton, M., Yau, Y., Read, S.E., Allen, U., Tran, D., Risk factors and outcomes among children admitted to hospital with pandemic H1N1 influenza (2010) CMAJ, 182, pp. 39-44Babcock, H.M., Merz, L.R., Fraser, V.J., Is influenza an influenza-like illness? Clinical presentation of influenza in hospitalized patients (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 27, pp. 266-270Kelly, H., Birch, C., The causes and diagnosis of influenza-like illness (2004) Aust Family Physician, 33, pp. 305-309Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection (2010) N Engl J Med, 362, pp. 1708-1719. , Writing Committee of the WHO consultation on Clinical Aspects of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 InfluenzaPresanis, A.M., de Angelis, D., Hagy, A., Reed, C., Riley, S., The severity of pandemic H1N1 influenza in the United States from April to July 2009: A Bayesian analysis (2009) PLoS Med, 6, pp. e1000207. , New York City Swine Flu Investigation TeamDonaldson, L.J., Rutter, P.D., Ellis, B.M., Greaves, F.E., Mytton, O.T., Pebody, R.G., Mortality from pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza in England: Public health surveillance study (2009) BMJ, 339, pp. b5213(2010), http://portal.salud.gov.mx/contenidos/noticias/influenza/estadisticas.html/, Secretaria de Salud Mexico. Estadísticas [Internet]. Assessed in October, [cited 2011 Feb 15]. Available fromEchavarría, M., Querci, M., Marcone, D., Videla, C., Martinez, A., Bonvehi, P., Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases, Buenos Aires, Argentina (2010) Emerg Infect Dis, 16, pp. 311-313Uyeki, T., Diagnostic testing for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in hospitalized patients (2009) N Engl J Med, 361, pp. e114Blyth, C.C., Iredell, J.R., Dwyer, D.E., Rapid-test sensitivity for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans (2009) N Engl J Med, 361, p. 25Lee, N., Chan, P.K., Hui, D.S., Rainer, T.H., Wong, E., Choi, K.W., Viral loads and duration of viral shedding in adult patients hospitalized with influenza (2009) J Infect Dis, 200, pp. 492-500Chang, Y.S., van Hal, S.J., Spencer, P.M., Gosbell, I.B., Collett, P.W., Comparison of adult patients hospitalized with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and seasonal influenza during the "PROJECT" phase of the pandemic response (2010) Med J Aust, 192, pp. 90-93Shieh, W., Blau, D.M., Denison, A.M., Deleon-Carnes, M., Adem, P., Bhatnagar, J., 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): Pathology and pathogenesis of 100 fatal cases in the United States (2010) Am J Pathol, 177, pp. 166-17

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters

Measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector with an integrated luminosity of 0.30 pb^-1 for jets with transverse momentum between 25 and 70 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta| < 2.5. D*+/- mesons found in jets are fully reconstructed in the decay chain: D*+ -> D0pi+, D0 -> K-pi+, and its charge conjugate. The production rate is found to be N(D*+/-)/N(jet) = 0.025 +/- 0.001(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.) for D*+/- mesons that carry a fraction z of the jet momentum in the range 0.3 < z < 1. Monte Carlo predictions fail to describe the data at small values of z, and this is most marked at low jet transverse momentum.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table, matches published version in Physical Review