Generación de un proceso organizativo orientado a mejorar las condiciones de vida de las trabajadoras sexuales del antiguo mercado de la ciudad de Riohacha

Este documento es el informe final del trabajo investigativo que lleva por nombre “Generación de un proceso organizativo orientado a mejorar las condiciones de vida de las trabajadoras sexuales del antiguo mercado público de la ciudad de Riohacha” pretende el objetivo de generar un proceso organizativo Este estudio contiene información de carácter investigativo, en el que se han recopilado información de folletos, Internet, libros, y la experiencia de procesos investigativos sobre la problemática de la prostitución, a escala nacional e internacional; además las experiencias vividas por las investigadoras, entidades que trabajan esta problemática y principalmente de la población sujeto - objeto de esta investigación. Este proyecto se inicia con la descripción de la situación problemática de las trabajadoras sexuales del antiguo mercado publico de la ciudad de Riohacha, planteando los factores que han coadyuvado a estás mujeres a tomar la prostitución como una opción de sobrevivencia. En este punto se tiene en cuenta la discriminación y violación de sus derechos humanos. Se justifica el proyecto exponiendo como esta problemática afecta no solo a la persona prostituida sino a la sociedad en general, su relevancia social y pertinencia en el ámbito científico y profesional. La interpretación del problema llevó a unos objetivos específicos en la búsqueda de la información necesaria, para una mejor interpretación desde la visión psicosocial, al igual que la formulación de objetivos que pusieran en práctica el ejercicio mismo de los fundamentos de la Psicología Social Comunitaria. Lo anterior se apoya en un marco referencial situacional donde se investigaron los estudios anteriormente realizados sobre esta problemática; un recuento histórico del antiguo mercado de la ciudad, y como este sector se convirtió en zona de tolerancia. Se conceptúa para llevar a cabo el proceso de investigación elementos teóricos de carácter científico, psicosocial, social, legal y otros. Como apoyo teórico para el respectivo análisis se enfatizó en el enfoque humanista, donde la psicología social proyecta al ser humano como ser inacabado, en constante proceso de autoconstrucción y desarrollo. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron las metodologías cualitativa y cuantitativa. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación directa, las encuestas y las entrevistas, que permitieron obtener la información directamente de la población involucrada. Para la ejecución de actividades se programaron acciones lúdicas y pedagógicas, tendientes a fortalecer sus relaciones interpersonales, mejorar su autoestima y elevar sus niveles de participación. Una vez concluida la investigación, la población conformo la Asociación para el desarrollo integral de la mujer, Mujeres Siglo XXI, para de esta forma constituirse legalmente y tener una mejor representación, en aras de elevar su calidad de vida.Este documento es el informe final del trabajo investigativo que lleva por nombre “Generación de un proceso organizativo orientado a mejorar las condiciones de vida de las trabajadoras sexuales del antiguo mercado público de la ciudad de Riohacha” pretende el objetivo de generar un proceso organizativo Este estudio contiene información de carácter investigativo, en el que se han recopilado información de folletos, Internet, libros, y la experiencia de procesos investigativos sobre la problemática de la prostitución, a escala nacional e internacional; además las experiencias vividas por las investigadoras, entidades que trabajan esta problemática y principalmente de la población sujeto - objeto de esta investigación. Este proyecto se inicia con la descripción de la situación problemática de las trabajadoras sexuales del antiguo mercado publico de la ciudad de Riohacha, planteando los factores que han coadyuvado a estás mujeres a tomar la prostitución como una opción de sobrevivencia. En este punto se tiene en cuenta la discriminación y violación de sus derechos humanos. Se justifica el proyecto exponiendo como esta problemática afecta no solo a la persona prostituida sino a la sociedad en general, su relevancia social y pertinencia en el ámbito científico y profesional. La interpretación del problema llevó a unos objetivos específicos en la búsqueda de la información necesaria, para una mejor interpretación desde la visión psicosocial, al igual que la formulación de objetivos que pusieran en práctica el ejercicio mismo de los fundamentos de la Psicología Social Comunitaria. Lo anterior se apoya en un marco referencial situacional donde se investigaron los estudios anteriormente realizados sobre esta problemática; un recuento histórico del antiguo mercado de la ciudad, y como este sector se convirtió en zona de tolerancia. Se conceptúa para llevar a cabo el proceso de investigación elementos teóricos de carácter científico, psicosocial, social, legal y otros. Como apoyo teórico para el respectivo análisis se enfatizó en el enfoque humanista, donde la psicología social proyecta al ser humano como ser inacabado, en constante proceso de autoconstrucción y desarrollo. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron las metodologías cualitativa y cuantitativa. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación directa, las encuestas y las entrevistas, que permitieron obtener la información directamente de la población involucrada. Para la ejecución de actividades se programaron acciones lúdicas y pedagógicas, tendientes a fortalecer sus relaciones interpersonales, mejorar su autoestima y elevar sus niveles de participación. Una vez concluida la investigación, la población conformo la Asociación para el desarrollo integral de la mujer, Mujeres Siglo XXI, para de esta forma constituirse legalmente y tener una mejor representación, en aras de elevar su calidad de vida

Resolving the homology-function relationship through comparative genomics of membrane-trafficking machinery and parasite cell biology

With advances in DNA sequencing technology, it is increasingly common and tractable to informatically look for genes of interest in the genomic databases of parasitic organisms and infer cellular states. Assignment of a putative gene function based on homology to functionally characterized genes in other organisms, though powerful, relies on the implicit assumption of functional homology, i.e. that orthology indicates conserved function. Eukaryotes reveal a dazzling array of cellular features and structural organization, suggesting a concomitant diversity in their underlying molecular machinery. Significantly, examples of novel functions for pre-existing or new paralogues are not uncommon. Do these examples undermine the basic assumption of functional homology, especially in parasitic protists, which are often highly derived? Here we examine the extent to which functional homology exists between organisms spanning the eukaryotic lineage. By comparing membrane trafficking proteins between parasitic protists and traditional model organisms, where direct functional evidence is available, we find that function is indeed largely conserved between orthologues, albeit with significant adaptation arising from the unique biological features within each lineage

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Comercialización del pescado de mar en Santa Marta

Nuestro estudio sobre Comercialización del pescado de mar en Santa Marta tiene como fin primordialmente resaltar la importancia que se debe tener a este renglón dentro de la economía nacional; es necesaria su inclusión, en los programas de desarrollo de los distintos estamentos gubernamentales, en especial los del Ministerio de Agricultura, Ministerio de Salud, por medio de los institutos como el INDERENA e IDEMA, para que la pesca sea explotada intensamente, pero en una forma racional y la industria pesquera, ocupe un lugar importante en los eslabones de la industria nacional. Colombia debido a su posición geográfica debe ejercer soberanía en su mar, como su principal fuente de recursos para acelerar su desarrollo. Se dice que el mar es un vasto almacén de recursos que solo esperan ser sacados de allá. que la última frontera del espacio interior se encuentra en los océanos. Y que el hombre empujando hacia atrás esa frontera, puede ganar recursos casi ilimitados para, alimentar las generaciones futuras

Determination of the lipid composition of the GPI anchor

In eukaryotic cells, a subset of cell surface proteins is attached by the glycolipid glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane where they play important roles as enzymes, receptors, or adhesion molecules. Here we present a protocol for purification and mass spectrometry analysis of the lipid moiety of individual GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in yeast. The method involves the expression of a specific GPI-AP tagged with GFP, solubilization, immunoprecipitation, separation by electrophoresis, blotting onto PVDF, release and extraction of the GPI-lipid moiety and analysis by mass spectrometry. By using this protocol, we could determine the precise GPI-lipid structure of the GPI-AP Gas1-GFP in a modified yeast strain. This protocol can be used to identify the lipid composition of the GPI anchor of distinct GPI-APs from yeast to mammals and can be adapted to determine other types of protein lipidation.This research was funded by the FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación/BFU2017-89700-P to Manuel Muñiz, "VI Own Research Plan" of the University of Seville VIPPIT-2020-I.5 to Manuel Muñiz, by the Incentivo al Grupo de Investigación BIO-271 (2019/BIO-271) and the NCCR Chemical Biology and the Swiss National Science Foundation (51NF40-185898 and 310030_184949) to Howard Riezman. ‘V Own Research Plan’ of the University of Seville (VPPIUS) contract (cofounded by the European Social Fund) to Sergio Lopez, University of Seville fellowships to Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo and Ana Maria Perez-Linero, Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (MECD) fellowship to Susana Sabido Bozo and contract from the University of Seville by the Youth Employment Initiative to Alejandro Cortes-Gomez.Ye

Assay for dual cargo sorting into endoplasmic reticulum exit sites imaged by 3D Super-resolution Confocal Live Imaging Microscopy (SCLIM)

Otro material suplementario: Video 1: Multi-angle 3D reconstructed movie representing sorting of Gas1-GFP (green) and Mid2-iRFP (blue) into different ERES (red) in sec31-1 cells. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258111.s002. Video 2: Multi-angle 3D reconstructed movie representing incorporation of Gas1-GFP (green) and Mid2-iRFP (blue) into the same ERES (red) in sec31-1 Ghlag1 cells. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258111.s003Understanding how in eukaryotic cells thousands of proteins are sorted from each other through the secretory pathway and delivered to their correct destinations is a central issue of cell biology. We have further investigated in yeast how two distinct types of cargo proteins are sorted into different endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) for their differential ER export to the Golgi apparatus. We used an optimized protocol that combines a live cell dual-cargo ER export system with a 3D simultaneous multi-color high-resolution live cell microscopy called Super-resolution Confocal Live Imaging Microscopy (SCLIM). Here, we describe this protocol, which is based on the reversible ER retention of two de novo co-expressed cargos by blocking COPII function upon incubation of the thermo-sensitive COPII allele sec31-1 at restrictive temperature (37°C). ER export is restored by shifting down to permissive temperature (24°C) and progressive incorporation of the two different types of cargos into the fluorescently labelled ERES can be then simultaneously captured at 3D high spatial resolution by SCLIM microscopy. By using this protocol, we have shown that newly synthesized glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins having a very long chain ceramide lipid moiety are clustered and sorted into specialized ERES that are distinct from those used by transmembrane secretory proteins. Furthermore, we showed that the chain length of the ceramide present in the ER membrane is critical for this sorting selectivity. Therefore, thanks to the presented method we could obtain the first direct in vivo evidence for lipid chain length-based protein cargo sorting into selective ERES.MM, BFU2017-89700-P, FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación, https://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/aei AN and KK, JP25221103, JP17H06420 and JP18H05275, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.htmlYe