Sorting of lysosomal proteins

AbstractLysosomes are composed of soluble and transmembrane proteins that are targeted to lysosomes in a signal-dependent manner. The majority of soluble acid hydrolases are modified with mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues, allowing their recognition by M6P receptors in the Golgi complex and ensuing transport to the endosomal/lysosomal system. Other soluble enzymes and non-enzymatic proteins are transported to lysosomes in an M6P-independent manner mediated by alternative receptors such as the lysosomal integral membrane protein LIMP-2 or sortilin. Sorting of cargo receptors and lysosomal transmembrane proteins requires sorting signals present in their cytosolic domains. These signals include dileucine-based motifs, DXXLL or [DE]XXXL[LI], and tyrosine-based motifs, YXXØ, which interact with components of clathrin coats such as GGAs or adaptor protein complexes. In addition, phosphorylation and lipid modifications regulate signal recognition and trafficking of lysosomal membrane proteins. The complex interaction of both luminal and cytosolic signals with recognition proteins guarantees the specific and directed transport of proteins to lysosomes

Clinical-pathological features of an occult mixed mucinous male breast cancer. a case report

Mucinous carcinoma of the male breast is an uncommon malignant breast neoplasm and its diagnoses remain difficult. It is probably due to such a low rate of breast cancer cases that men tend to be diagnosed at an older age than women and with a later stage of the disease. We describe a case of a 69-year-old male who displayed a palpable lump in his right axilla several years ago, showing signs of cutaneous adnexal mucinous adenocarcinoma after biopsy. After six years and several clinical examination and systemic investigation without results, the patient underwent to fine needle aspiration cytology and subsequently a biopsy of a mass with irregular margins in the retroareolar region of his right breast. The final diagnosis was of a mixed mucinous breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. The tumor cells phenotype showed Synaptophisin (+), CEA (+/-), CK-20 (-), CK-7 (+), TTF-1 (-), estrogen receptor (-), progesterone (-) and HER 2 (++). These results were unusual for a mucinous male breast carcinoma. In the presence of a lesion in the axillary area with no specific primary origin, breast cancer should never be ruled out, even in the absence of clinical evidence and with an immunohistochemical pattern not indicative of mammary origin

The Mechanisms of Vesicle Budding and Fusion

AbstractGenetic and biochemical analyses of the secretory pathway have produced a detailed picture of the molecular mechanisms involved in selective cargo transport between organelles. This transport occurs by means of vesicular intermediates that bud from a donor compartment and fuse with an acceptor compartment. Vesicle budding and cargo selection are mediated by protein coats, while vesicle targeting and fusion depend on a machinery that includes the SNARE proteins. Precise regulation of these two aspects of vesicular transport ensures efficient cargo transfer while preserving organelle identity

The genus Panphalea (Compositae: Nassauvieae) in Uruguay

Se realiza la revisión taxonómica de Panphalea Lag. (Compositae: Nassauvieae) para Uruguay. Panphalea en Uruguay consiste de cinco especies: Panphalea bupleurifolia Less., Panphalea cardaminifolia Less., Panphalea commersonii Cass., Panphalea heterophylla Less. y Panphalea maxima Less. Todas las especies uruguayas fueron evaluadas y circunscriptas en base al análisis de los protólogos, análisis de laboratorio, estudio cuidadoso del material tipo, observación de especímenes de herbario y observaciones a campo. Se presenta una clave dicotómica para la identificación de las especies reconocidas para el Uruguay. Para cada especie se provee sinonimia, descripciones ampliadas, distribución geográfica y dibujos. Se designan dos neotipos.A taxonomic revision of Panphalea Lag. (Compositae: Nassauvieae) for Uruguay is presented. Panphalea, in Uruguay, is composed of five species: Panphalea bupleurifolia Less., Panphalea cardaminifolia Less., Panphalea commersonii Cass., Panphalea heterophylla Less., and Panphalea maxima Less. All uruguayan species of Panphalea were taxonomically evaluated and circumscribed based on analyses of the protologues, laboratory studies, and careful study of type material, herbarium specimens and field observations. A dichotomous key for the identification of the Uruguayan species is provided. For each species, synonymy, detailed description, geographic distribution, and line drawings are presented. Two neotypes are designated.Fil: Trujillo, Cristina. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Katinas, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bonifacino, José M.. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Novedades del género Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) para Uruguay

Se citan por primera vez para la flora de Uruguay a Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. (= T.capillaris f. hieronymi (Mez) L.B. Sm.) y T. loliacea Mart. ex Schult. f. Tillandsia capillaris es registrada como una especie introducida y espontánea para la ciudad de Montevideo, mientras que T. loliacea es citada como especie nativa del noroeste del país. Se presenta el primer registro de T. tricholepis Baker para ambientes naturales de Uruguay, confirmando el estatus de especie nativa. Se reporta el hallazgo reciente de T. xiphioides Ker Gawl luego de 73 años sin ser colectada en Uruguay. Este trabajo provee una descripción morfológica para cada especie, incluyendo información sobre su hábitat, distribución geográfica, fenología, estatus de conservación e imágenes.Novelties in the genus Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Uruguay. Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. (= T. capillarisf. hieronymi (Mez) L.B. Sm.) and T. loliacea Mart. ex Schult. are reported for the first time for the flora of Uruguay. Tillandsia capillaris is registered as an introduced and spontaneous species for Montevideo city, while T. loliacea is cited as native for northwestern Uruguay. Tillandsia tricholepis Baker is reported for the first time for natural environments in Uruguay, establishing its status as native. The recent finding of Tillandsia xiphioides Ker Gawl in Uruguay is reported after 73 years without being collected. We provide morphological descriptions, distribution and habitat data, phenology, conservation assessment, and images for each species treated.Fil: Rossado, Andrés J.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Donadío, Sabina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Berazategui, Pablo. Asociación Civil COENDU; UruguayFil: Bonifacino, José M.. Universidad de la República; Urugua