E se soubéssemos mais? Simulando os votos e as opiniões dos eleitores mais informados no Brasil

RESUMO Introdução: Décadas de pesquisas sobre a opinião pública demonstraram que a maioria das pessoas é altamente desinformada a respeito da política. Entretanto, as consequências dessa desinformação sobre o comportamento eleitoral e sobre as atitudes dos cidadãos ainda parecem pouco claras, especialmente quando se trata de jovens democracias. Métodos: Neste artigo, utilizamos simulações estatísticas de um eleitorado “completamente informado” a partir de dados do Estudo Eleitoral Brasileiro (ESEB) para responder às seguintes perguntas: (1) Como os brasileiros votariam caso fossem mais informados? (2) Como seriam as opiniões políticas dos brasileiros caso fossem mais informados? Aqui, "informação" se refere a conhecimento sobre a política e o governo de maneira geral. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que os votos e as opiniões políticas dos brasileiros seriam diferentes caso eles fossem mais informados. A falta de informação parece direcionar sistematicamente as preferências coletivas, sugerindo que tais erros não são aleatórios, mas sim produto de assimetrias de informação entre os cidadãos. Discussão: Essas assimetrias podem ser especialmente problemáticas quando se trata de quais opiniões são levadas em consideração pelos representantes dos eleitores, ao tomarem decisões importantes. Os efeitos da desinformação política têm sido vistos sob diferentes olhares pela Ciência Política. Embora alguns teóricos argumentem que a falta de informação não tem efeitos significativos sobre a democracia, outros creem que ela pode trazer consequências notáveis para as escolhas coletivas e para as atitudes políticas dos cidadãos. Nossos resultados nos colocam ao lado do segundo grupo de pesquisadores

Perceptions of ICT practitioners regarding software privacy

During software development activities, it is important for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) practitioners to know and understand practices and guidelines regarding information privacy, as software requirements must comply with data privacy laws and members of development teams should know current legislation related to the protection of personal data. In order to gain a better understanding on how industry ICT practitioners perceive the practical relevance of software privacy and privacy requirements and how these professionals are implementing data privacy concepts, we conducted a survey with ICT practitioners from software development organizations to get an overview of how these professionals are implementing data privacy concepts during software design. We performed a systematic literature review to identify related works with software privacy and privacy requirements and what methodologies and techniques are used to specify them. In addition, we conducted a survey with ICT practitioners from different organizations. Findings revealed that ICT practitioners lack a comprehensive knowledge of software privacy and privacy requirements and the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais, LGPD, in Portuguese), nor they are able to work with the laws and guidelines governing data privacy. Organizations are demanded to define an approach to contextualize ICT practitioners with the importance of knowledge of software privacy and privacy requirements, as well as to address them during software development, since LGPD must change the way teams work, as a number of features and controls regarding consent, documentation, and privacy accountability will be required

Impacto da qualificação nas trajetórias profissionais dos servidores públicos federais

O objetivo desta pesquisa é contribuir para o debate sobre os retornos dos investimentos na formação profissional continuada de servidores públicos. Usou-se um conjunto de dados que reúne informações sobre a participação de cursos da Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (Enap) com as características socioeconômicas de todos servidores do Executivo federal entre 2006 e 2021. Estatísticas descritivas mostram um crescimento acentuado, sobretudo em cursos com carga horária média, entre 20 e 40 horas, e, também, queda no número dos participantes em 2020, com a mudança de cursos presenciais para a modalidade remota. Em geral, observou-se que cursos com maior carga horária apresentaram maiores taxas de aprovação. Por fim, aproveitamos os dados em painel para estimar o modelo Probit, regressões lineares e Poisson, com e sem efeitos fixos, que indicam que depois de completar uma formação adicional, o servidor tem maior chance de ocupar um cargo diferente, assim como maior oportunidade de mudar de órgão,com remuneração mais elevada. Desse modo, confirmou-se que investimentos em capital humano trazem retornos positivos para o setor público brasileiro. Os resultados alcançados são robustos na amostra composta por servidores que completaram pelo menos uma formação adicional, quando aplicado o Propensity Score Matching.El objetivo de esta investigación es contribuir al debate sobre la rentabilidad de las inversiones en formación profesional continua de los funcionarios. Utilizamos un conjunto de datos que reúne información sobre la participación en cursos de la Escuela Nacional de Administración Pública (Enap) con las características socioeconómicas de todos los funcionarios del ejecutivo federal entre 2006 y 2021. Las estadísticas descriptivas muestran un fuerte crecimiento, especialmente en los cursos con una carga de trabajo media, entre 20 y 40 horas, y también, un descenso en el número de participantes en 2020, con el paso de los cursos presenciales a la modalidad a distancia. En general, se observó que los cursos con mayor carga de trabajo presentaban mayores índices de aprobados. Finalmente, aprovechamos los datos en panel para estimar el modelo Probit, regresiones lineales y Poisson, tanto con y sin efectos fijos, que indican que, incluso después de completar la formación adicional, el funcionario tiene mayor probabilidad de ocupar un puesto diferente, así como mayor oportunidad de cambiar de organización, obteniendo mayor remuneración. Así, se confirmó que las inversiones en capital humano aportan rendimientos positivos al sector público brasileño. Los resultados obtenidos son robustos en la muestra compuesta por funcionarios que han realizado al menos un curso de formación adicional, cuando se aplica el Propensity Score Matching.The objective of this research is to contribute to the debate on the returns from investments in the continuing professional education of public servants. We used a data set that gathers information about the participation in courses at the National School of Public Administration (Enap) with the socioeconomic characteristics of all public servants of the federal executive between 2006 and 2021. Descriptive statistics show a sharp growth, especially in courses with an average workload between 20 and 40 hours, and also, a drop in the number of participants in 2020, with the shift from in-person courses to the remote modality. In general, it was observed that courses with a larger workload had higher pass rates. Finally, we took advantage of the panel data to estimate the Probit model, linear regressions, and Poisson, both with and without fixed effects, which indicate that even after completing an additional training, the employee has a greater chance of occupying a different position, as well as, a greater opportunity to change agencies, having a higher remuneration. Thus, it is confirmed that investments in human capital bring positive returns to the Brazilian public sector. The results achieved are robust in the sample composed of civil servants who have completed at least one additional training course, when applying the Propensity Score Matching.Revista do Serviço Público - RSP, v. 74, n. 2, 487-514 p.Educação e DocênciaGestão PúblicaISSN Impresso: 0034-9240ISSN Eletrônico: 2357-801

A Comparison Of New Calculations Of The Yearly 10Be Production In The Earths Polar Atmosphere By Cosmic Rays With Yearly 10Be Measurements In Multiple Greenland Ice Cores Between 1939 And 1994 - A Troubling Lack Of Concordance Paper #2

We have compared the yearly production rates of 10Be by cosmic rays in the Earths polar atmosphere over the last 50-70 years with 10Be measurements from two separate ice cores in Greenland. These ice cores provide measurements of the annual 10Be concentration and 10Be flux levels during this time. The scatter in the ice core yearly data vs. the production data is larger than the average solar 11 year production variations that are being measured. The cross correlation coefficients between the yearly 10Be production and the ice core 10Be measurements for this time period are <0.4 in all comparisons between ice core data and 10Be production, including 10Be concentrations, 10Be fluxes and in comparing the two separate ice core measurements. In fact, the cross correlation between the two ice core measurements, which should be measuring the same source, is the lowest of all, only ~0.2. These values for the correlation coefficient are all indicative of a "poor" correlation. The regression line slopes for the best fit lines between the 10Be production and the 10Be measurements used in the cross correlation analysis are all in the range 0.4-0.6. This is a particular problem for historical projections of solar activity based on ice core measurements which assume a 1:1 correspondence. We have made other tests of the correspondence between the 10Be predictions and the ice core measurements which lead to the same conclusion, namely that other influences on the ice core measurements, as large as or larger than the production changes themselves, are occurring. These influences could be climatic or instrumentally based. We suggest new ice core measurements that might help in defining more clearly what these influences are and-if possible-to correct for them.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure

Mananoligossacarídeo em dietas para leitões desmamados

Foi realizado um ensaio com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) em dietas para leitões na fase de creche, quanto ao desempenho, incidência de  diarreia e parâmetros sanguíneos. Foram comparados diferentes níveis de MOS (0, 0,1 e 0,2%) em dietas para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade com peso de 5,28 ± 0,90 kg, sendo utilizados 72 animais da linhagem comercial Topigs (36 machos castrados e 36 fêmeas). Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso para controlar diferenças iniciais de peso. Os resultados demonstraram que a inclusão de MOS nas dietas de leitões recém desmamados não promoveu melhoras no ganho diário de peso, no consumo diário de ração e na conversão alimentar. Embora tenha sido observada redução na incidência de diarreia nos animais alimentados com dieta contendo 0,2% de MOS, a adição deste prebiótico não proporcionou melhores desempenho e resposta imunológica dos leitões. Com estes resultados, não é possível recomendar a adição de nenhum nível do produto avaliado.An assay was carried out to evaluate the use of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) in piglet diets on performance, diarrhea incidence and blood parameters. Different levels of MOS inclusion (0, 0.1 and 0.2%) for pig diets were compared. A total of 72 piglets of Topigs lineage weaned at 21 days of age with 5.28 ± 0.90 kg of live weight were used. It was used a randomized block design to control differences between initial weights of replicates. The results show that MOS inclusion in weaning pig diets did not promote better results on daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion. Although reduction in diarrhea incidence was observed in animals fed with 0.2% MOS diet, this prebiotic did not improve the immune response of piglets. Any level of MOS evaluated is recommended for piglets

Abrupt Ice Age Shifts in Southern Westerlies and Antarctic Climate Forced from the North

The Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-latitude westerly winds play a central role in the global climate system via Southern Ocean upwelling, carbon exchange with the deep ocean, Agulhas Leakage, and Antarctic ice sheet stability. Meridional shifts in the SH westerlies have been hypothesized in response to abrupt North Atlantic Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) climatic events of the last ice age, in parallel with the well-documented shifts of the intertropical convergence zone. Shifting moisture pathways to West Antarctica are consistent with this view, but may represent a Pacific teleconnection pattern. The full SH atmospheric-circulation response to the DO cycle, as well as its impact on Antarctic temperature, have so far remained unclear. Here we use five volcanically-synchronized ice cores to show that the Antarctic temperature response to the DO cycle can be understood as the superposition of two modes: a spatially homogeneous oceanic “bipolar seesaw” mode that lags Northern Hemisphere (NH) climate by about 200 years, and a spatially heterogeneous atmospheric mode that is synchronous with NH abrupt events. Temperature anomalies of the atmospheric mode are similar to those associated with present-day Southern Annular Mode (SAM) variability, rather than the Pacific South America (PSA) pattern. Moreover, deuterium excess records suggest a zonally coherent migration of the SH westerlies over all ocean basins in phase with NH climate. Our work provides a simple conceptual framework for understanding the circum-Antarctic temperature response to abrupt NH climate change. We provide observational evidence for abrupt shifts in the SH westerlies, with ramifications for global ocean circulation and atmospheric CO₂. These coupled changes highlight the necessity of a global, rather than a purely North Atlantic, perspective on the DO cycle

The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023

The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology.org) is a comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins and noncoding RNAs). GO annotations cover genes from organisms across the tree of life as well as viruses, though most gene function knowledge currently derives from experiments carried out in a relatively small number of model organisms. Here, we provide an updated overview of the GO knowledgebase, as well as the efforts of the broad, international consortium of scientists that develops, maintains, and updates the GO knowledgebase. The GO knowledgebase consists of three components: (1) the GO-a computational knowledge structure describing the functional characteristics of genes; (2) GO annotations-evidence-supported statements asserting that a specific gene product has a particular functional characteristic; and (3) GO Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs)-mechanistic models of molecular "pathways" (GO biological processes) created by linking multiple GO annotations using defined relations. Each of these components is continually expanded, revised, and updated in response to newly published discoveries and receives extensive QA checks, reviews, and user feedback. For each of these components, we provide a description of the current contents, recent developments to keep the knowledgebase up to date with new discoveries, and guidance on how users can best make use of the data that we provide. We conclude with future directions for the project

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field