Emodeporte.

“Emodeporte” es una propuesta de innovación que trata de una serie de actividades que combinan la educación emocional y la educación física de forma conjunta, mediante el desarrollo de juegos y actividades que implican el trabajo emocional y el deportivo de forma lúdica en los colegios de educación primaria. Esta propuesta va dirigida a los cursos de 5º y 6º de primaria, y tiene como objetivo conseguir que el alumnado trabaje las diferentes emociones en las clases de educación física a través de acciones educativas de carácter lúdico. Teniendo en cuenta que las emociones son el motor de la vida y que gracias a ellas actuamos de unas formas u otras, siendo conscientes y consecuentes de nuestras decisiones, nos vemos en la obligación de trabajar con ellas desde edades tempranas, y así poder formar al alumnado para que sean capaces de afrontar de manera apropiada situaciones futuras. Este proyecto surge de la necesidad de unir ambos campos y apostar por un enfoque interdisciplinar en nuestro Trabajo Fin de Grado, ya que dicho enfoque es novedoso y poco tratado en la literatura sobre el tema. Todos somos conocedores de que la educación emocional es un aspecto relevante en la educación del alumnado de la etapa de primaria; asimismo la educación física abarca aspectos importantes para la educación integral de los niños y las niñas por lo que trabajar ambas de forma conjunta facilita el camino hacia el éxito académico e incide en la mejora de la calidad de la educación."Emodeporte" is an innovation proposal that deals with a series of activities that combine emotional education and physical education together, through the development of games and activities involving emotional work and sports in a playful manner in primary schools. This proposal is aimed at the 5th and 6th grade of primary school and aims to get students to work on the different emotions in physical education classes through educational actions of a playful nature. Bearing in mind that emotions are the motor of life and thanks to them we act in one way or another, being aware and consequent of our decisions, we are obliged to work from an early age, and be able to form students so they can be trained for future situations. This project emerges as the need to unite the two fields and to consolidate a good working relationship between them, since nothing like it has so far been developed in the educational field. We are all aware that emotional education is an important aspect and that it must be attended to from all possible fields, physical education on the other hand, is no less important, as it unleashes all kinds of aspects, so working together is synonymous with success

Verificación de un nivel óptico

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en implementar y analizar un método de campo para verificar si el instrumento se encuentra apto para la realización de una determinada tarea según la Norma ISO 4463-1. S e utilizó el procedimiento simplificado de la Norma ISO 17123-2 (Óptica e instrumentos ópticos-Procedimientos de campo para pruebas de instrumentos topográficos y geodésicos – Parte 2 Niveles). Durante la ejecución del trabajo y por cuestiones prácticas se utilizó el Nivel Automático Sokkia C28 (disponible en el Departamento de Agrimensura) cuya desviación estándar establecida en el Manual del Fabricante es de 2 mm en una nivelación de 1 km ida y vuelta.Facultad de Ingenierí

Estudo cinético da cristalização de misturas graxas com adição de fitoesteróis por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC)

The aim of the work was to study the kinetic parameters of the isothermal crystallization of fat blends at different temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The fat blends are composed of fully hydrogenated rice bran oil (FHRBO) and soybean oil (SBO) at different proportions (20, 25, 30, 30, 35 and 40 % FHRBO), being both materials previously purified. In addition, some blends were selected and added a known amount of phytosterols. Kinetic parameters were quantified by applying the Avrami model that determines the induction time (generation of crystal nuclei, ti), nucleation mechanism (Avrami exponent, n) and crystal growth (kinetic constant, k). It was observed that higher percentage of FHRBO and lower crystallization temperature ti decrease and k increase. The faster kinetics observed is due to the contribution of tri-saturated triglycerides and a higher degree of supercooling. In the blend with 35 % of FHRBO, the addition of phytosterols at the concentrations studied promoted an increase in ti and a reduction in k, prolonging nucleation and generating a slow crystal growth. However, for the blend with 20% of FHRBO an increase in ti and k was observed.El objetivo de este trabajo fue el estudio de los parámetros cinéticos de la cristalización isotérmica de fases grasas a distintas temperaturas mediante calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC, por su sigla en inglés). Las fases grasas consistieron en mezclas de aceite de salvado de arroz completamente hidrogenado (FHRBO) y aceite de soja (SBO) en diferentes proporciones (20, 25, 30, 35 y 40 % de FHRBO), siendo ambos materiales previamente purificados. Además, se seleccionaron algunas de las mezclas y se les adicionó una cantidad conocida de fitoesteroles. Los parámetros cinéticos fueron obtenidos aplicando el modelo de Avrami, el cual determina el tiempo de inducción (generación de núcleos cristalinos, ti), el mecanismo de nucleación (exponente de Avrami, n) y el grado de crecimiento cristalino (constante cinética de velocidad, k). Se observó que a mayor contenido de FHRBO y menor temperatura de cristalización, ti se reduce y k aumenta, llevando a una cinética más rápida, lo cual era esperable por el aporte de triglicéridos tri-saturados y un mayor grado de sobreenfriamiento. En la mezcla con 35 % de FHRBO, el agregado de fitoesteroles enlenteció la cinética (aumento de ti y reducción de k); sin embargo, en la de 20 % de FHRBO aumentó tanto ti como k.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os parâmetros cinéticos da cristalização isotérmica de misturas graxas em diferentes temperaturas por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC). As misturas graxas consistiam em óleo de farelo de arroz totalmente hidrogenado (FHRBO) e óleo de soja (SBO) em diferentes proporções (20, 25, 30, 30, 35 e 40 % FHRBO), sendo ambos os materiais previamente purificados. Além disso, algumas das misturas foram selecionadas e uma quantidade conhecida de fitoesteróis foi adicionada a elas. Os parâmetros cinéticos foram quantificados pela aplicação do modelo de Avrami que determina o tempo de indução (geração de núcleos cristalinos, ti), o mecanismo de nucleação (expoente de Avrami, n) e o grau de crescimento do cristal (constante cinética, k). Observou-se que quanto maior e a proporçõe de FHRBO e menor a temperatura de cristalização ti diminui e k aumenta, levando a uma cinética mais rápida, o que é consistente com a contribuição de triglicerois tri-saturados e maior grau de super-resfriamento. Na mistura com 35 % de FHRBO, a adição de fitoesteróis promoveu um aumento de ti e redução de k, prolongando a nucleação e retardando o crescimento dos cristais. Por outro lado, na mistura com 20% de FHRBO observou-se aumento de ti e k

Simultaneous, Multi-Wavelength Variability Characterization of the Free-Floating Planetary Mass Object PSO J318.5-22

We present simultaneous HST WFC3 + Spitzer IRAC variability monitoring for the highly-variable young ($\sim$20 Myr) planetary-mass object PSO J318.5-22. Our simultaneous HST + Spitzer observations covered $\sim$2 rotation periods with Spitzer and most of a rotation period with HST. We derive a period of 8.6$\pm$0.1 hours from the Spitzer lightcurve. Combining this period with the measured $v sin i$ for this object, we find an inclination of 56.2$\pm 8.1^{\circ}$. We measure peak-to-trough variability amplitudes of 3.4$\pm$0.1$\%$ for Spitzer Channel 2 and 4.4 - 5.8$\%$ (typical 68$\%$ confidence errors of $\sim$0.3$\%$) in the near-IR bands (1.07-1.67 $\mu$m) covered by the WFC3 G141 prism -- the mid-IR variability amplitude for PSO J318.5-22 one of the highest variability amplitudes measured in the mid-IR for any brown dwarf or planetary mass object. Additionally, we detect phase offsets ranging from 200--210$^{\circ}$ (typical error of $\sim$4$^{\circ}$) between synthesized near-IR lightcurves and the Spitzer mid-IR lightcurve, likely indicating depth-dependent longitudinal atmospheric structure in this atmosphere. The detection of similar variability amplitudes in wide spectral bands relative to absorption features suggests that the driver of the variability may be inhomogeneous clouds (perhaps a patchy haze layer over thick clouds), as opposed to hot spots or compositional inhomogeneities at the top-of-atmosphere level.Comment: 48 pages, 22 figures, accepted to A

Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.</p

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Fertility transition of sub-Saharan African capital cities: Where do they stand and what has contributed most to the transition?

Evidence shows that capital cities lead fertility transitions. However, data confirm that fertility stalls are a common feature among sub-Saharan African capitals, which could affect the transition at the national level. We use 137 DHS from 33 sub-Saharan African countries to determine at what phase of the fertility transition their capitals are in. We look at differences between phases and identify what contributed most to fertility decline. We find that most capitals are at an intermediate phase of the transition. In early stages, sex life and cohabitation begin at earlier ages than later in the transition. Postpartum infecundability is similar in all phases. Contraceptive use is the main determinant of fertility decline. In the later stage of the transition, contraceptive prevalence is more than double that of the earliest phase. Non-increasing contraceptive prevalence in recent years suggests that fertility rates will not decline rapidly in the near future

Marital status and fertility among adolescents under 15 years of age

Pregnancy at an early age is risky. On the one hand, adolescent mothers are more likely to have miscarriages, stillbirths, preterm deliveries, and to seek induced abortion. Also, adolescent childbearing can also increase health risks of newborns, such as low birthweight and poor neonatal conditions. On the other hand, early pregnancy can lead to early marriage. Since out-of-wedlock pregnancies are often socially disapproved in less developed countries, pregnant adolescents may not have other choice than marriage. Early marriage reinforces gender inequality and exclusion from the decision on when and whom to marry. A rising age at marriage could be the most critical factor in postponing early adolescent childbearing and in meeting sexual and reproductive health rights. Most studies have focused on adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age mainly due to the paucity of data for adolescentes under 15 years of age. However, in recent years there is increasing information on young adolescents. Thus, we focus on births to adolescent mothers between 10 and 14 years of age. To our knowledge, there is no research that analyzes the effect becoming pregnant before the age of 15 to early marriage. We examine the characteristics of adolescents under 15 who become pregnant, and whether an early pregnancy precipitates early marriage or whether pregnancies occur within marriage. We compare our results with adolescents aged 15-19 to examine whether patterns are similar or different. We expect that births in early adolescence are more likely to occur within marriage among poorer adolescents and that births in early adolescence are more likely to precipitate a change in marital status among wealthier adolescents. Patterns are similar between adolescents under 15 and 15-19; however, the proportion of births within marriage is higher among older adolescents. We use all available DHS from 70 countries located in Latin America, North Africa & West Asia, South & Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. We use birth histories to identify all births to adolescents under 15 and adolescents aged 15-19. We first compute age-specific fertility rates for the age groups 10-14 and 15-19. Second, we assign the marital status at the time of birth. Then, from the date of birth and date of first union we infer whether the pregnancy occurred in or out of wedlock and whether there was a change in marital status after the pregnancy. To do this, we calculate the date of the pregnancy by going back the number of months the pregnancy lasted. We also examine differences by place of residence and wealth quintile to see if there are specific patterns between richer and poorer adolescents, or between adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Where possible, we will use contraceptive calendar data to explore whether there was a change in marital status following pregnancies that did not go to term. Also, we use logistic regressions to model the effect of early pregnancy on the odds of changing marital status. Approximately 4 out of every 5 births in adolescents under 15 years of age occur within marriage, however, one of them was conceived when the adolescent was still unmarried. In other words, 20% of adolescent mothers under 15 who marry do so because they became pregnant. Regional averages show that more than half of the pregnancies in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa occur when adolescents under 15 are still unmarried. In addition, there are differences according to the level of household wealth. Overall, pregnancies in adolescents under 15 years of age are more frequent in poorer households. In Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, it is more likely that a pregnancy occurs within marriage in poorer households. Conversely, the wealthier the households, the more likely it is that a pregnancy will precipitate a change in marital status in adolescents under 15. Interestingly, the proportion of births to not-in union adolescent mothers under 15 also increases with wealth quintile. Differences by quintile are less evident in North Africa & West Asia and in South & Southeast Asia. Births to adolescents under 15 are considerably more frequent in rural areas than in urban areas, except in Latin America where the differences between areas are not as clear. It is more common for adolescents under 15 years of age to be single mothers in urban areas of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa than in urban areas of the other geographic regions. We present an analysis of the relationship between marital status and fertility in adolescents under 15, which has been little explored so far. Our findings show that a significant proportion of young adolescent mothers rushed into marriage because they became pregnant. In the particular case of sub-Saharan Africa, which is also the region with the highest fertility in the world, the age-specific fertility rate of adolescents aged 10-14 is mostly explained by births that were conceived before marriage. Adequate access to contraceptives would have prevented both early pregnancy and early marriage. In contrast, in all geographic regions, the age-specific fertility rate of adolescents aged 15-19 is explained by the fertility of married adolescents. Adolescent girls, especially those under 15 years of age, face a double burden following an unintended pregnancy. On the one hand, an unintended birth, which leads to negative outcomes for both mother and child, and on the other hand, an unplanned marriage that conditions the adolescent's life. The fertility of adolescents under 15 years of age is positively correlated with the fertility of adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age. Begining childbearing earlier implies higher fertility later. A considerable proportion of births in adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age correspond to mothers who gave birth before the age of 15. We find that social conceptions that disapprove of out-of-wedlock pregnancies have a greater impact on adolescents under 15 years of age who come from wealthier households