Le merveilleux à la renverse : de Schneewittchen des Grimm à Neigefleur de Jean Lorrain

Quelle distance la récriture inscrit-elle entre la Schneewittchen des Grimm et la Neigefleur de Jean Lorrain ? Cette récriture reste-t-elle fidèle ? Cette étude montre que, malgré les outrages et les torsions que Jean Lorrain fait subir à l’un des plus célèbres contes des frères Grimm, sa lecture décadente réveille des éléments majeurs, voire obsessionnels, qui se traduisent notamment par la récupération du jeu des couleurs, la réinvention du thème de l’oralité dévoratrice et l’appropriation de l’épineuse question du don et de l’échange à l’œuvre dans le conte des Grimm. Jean Lorrain ne tourne pas le dos au conte des Grimm mais il choisit d’en accentuer certains traits. L’image de la pâleur de l’héroïne éponyme, blanche comme la neige, est exhibée sous la plume décadente de Lorrain, qui réalise le vœu des Grimm de faire disparaître, purement et simplement, la fragile petite princesse.This study analyses the distance between Jean Lorrain’s Neigefleur and the Grimm brothers’ Schneewittchen. To what extent is Lorrain’s rewriting faithful? In spite of the distortions he introduces into the tale, Lorrain’s decadent reading of the Grimms’ story retains its major, and obsessional elements, which can be seen in the recuperation of the colour scheme, in the reinvention of a devouring orality, and the re-appropriation of the burning question of “the gift”. Far from turning his back to the Grimms’ tale, Lorrain in fact accentuates some of its facets. The image of the paleness of the heroine is shown in a new decadent light, which corresponds to the Grimms’ wish to make the fragile little heroine disappear

Le merveilleux à la renverse : de Schneewittchen des Grimm à Neigefleur de Jean Lorrain

Quelle distance la récriture inscrit-elle entre la Schneewittchen des Grimm et la Neigefleur de Jean Lorrain ? Cette récriture reste-t-elle fidèle ? Cette étude montre que, malgré les outrages et les torsions que Jean Lorrain fait subir à l’un des plus célèbres contes des frères Grimm, sa lecture décadente réveille des éléments majeurs, voire obsessionnels, qui se traduisent notamment par la récupération du jeu des couleurs, la réinvention du thème de l’oralité dévoratrice et l’appropriation de l’épineuse question du don et de l’échange à l’œuvre dans le conte des Grimm. Jean Lorrain ne tourne pas le dos au conte des Grimm mais il choisit d’en accentuer certains traits. L’image de la pâleur de l’héroïne éponyme, blanche comme la neige, est exhibée sous la plume décadente de Lorrain, qui réalise le vœu des Grimm de faire disparaître, purement et simplement, la fragile petite princesse.This study analyses the distance between Jean Lorrain’s Neigefleur and the Grimm brothers’ Schneewittchen. To what extent is Lorrain’s rewriting faithful? In spite of the distortions he introduces into the tale, Lorrain’s decadent reading of the Grimms’ story retains its major, and obsessional elements, which can be seen in the recuperation of the colour scheme, in the reinvention of a devouring orality, and the re-appropriation of the burning question of “the gift”. Far from turning his back to the Grimms’ tale, Lorrain in fact accentuates some of its facets. The image of the paleness of the heroine is shown in a new decadent light, which corresponds to the Grimms’ wish to make the fragile little heroine disappear

From sleep spindles of natural sleep to spike and wave discharges of typical absence seizures: is the hypothesis still valid?

The temporal coincidence of sleep spindles and spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies, together with the transformation of spindles into SWDs following intramuscular injection of the weak GABAA receptor (GABAAR) antagonist, penicillin, in an experimental model, brought about the view that SWDs may represent ‘perverted’ sleep spindles. Over the last 20 years, this hypothesis has received considerable support, in particular by in vitro studies of thalamic oscillations following pharmacological/genetic manipulations of GABAARs. However, from a critical appraisal of the evidence in absence epilepsy patients and well-established models of absence epilepsy it emerges that SWDs can occur as frequently during wakefulness as during sleep, with their preferential occurrence in either one of these behavioural states often being patient dependent. Moreover, whereas the EEG expression of both SWDs and sleep spindles requires the integrity of the entire cortico-thalamo-cortical network, SWDs initiates in cortex while sleep spindles in thalamus. Furthermore, the hypothesis of a reduction in GABAAR function across the entire cortico-thalamo-cortical network as the basis for the transformation of sleep spindles into SWDs is no longer tenable. In fact, while a decreased GABAAR function may be present in some cortical layers and in the reticular thalamic nucleus, both phasic and tonic GABAAR inhibitions of thalamo-cortical neurons are either unchanged or increased in this epileptic phenotype. In summary, these differences between SWDs and sleep spindles question the view that the EEG hallmark of absence seizures results from a transformation of this EEG oscillation of natural sleep

Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium

Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n = 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n = 15 514) and BMD (n = 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n = 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n = 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) associations with heel bone properties. Alongside SNPs within or near previously identified osteoporosis susceptibility genes including ESR1 (6q25.1: rs4869739, rs3020331, rs2982552), SPTBN1 (2p16.2: rs11898505), RSPO3 (6q22.33: rs7741021), WNT16 (7q31.31: rs2908007), DKK1 (10q21.1: rs7902708) and GPATCH1 (19q13.11: rs10416265), we identified a new locus on chromosome 11q14.2 (rs597319 close to TMEM135, a gene recently linked to osteoblastogenesis and longevity) significantly associated with both BUA and VOS (P < 8.23 × 10(-14)). In meta-analyses involving 25 cohorts with up to 14 985 fracture cases, six of 10 SNPs associated with heel bone properties at P < 5 × 10(-6) also had the expected direction of association with any fracture (P < 0.05), including three SNPs with P < 0.005: 6q22.33 (rs7741021), 7q31.31 (rs2908007) and 10q21.1 (rs7902708). In conclusion, this GWA study reveals the effect of several genes common to central DXA-derived BMD and heel ultrasound/DXA measures and points to a new genetic locus with potential implications for better understanding of osteoporosis pathophysiology

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood : a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoeal disease is a leading cause of childhood illness and death globally, and Shigella is a major aetiological contributor for which a vaccine might soon be available. The primary objective of this study was to model the spatiotemporal variation in paediatric Shigella infection and map its predicted prevalence across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: Individual participant data for Shigella positivity in stool samples were sourced from multiple LMIC-based studies of children aged 59 months or younger. Covariates included household-level and participant-level factors ascertained by study investigators and environmental and hydrometeorological variables extracted from various data products at georeferenced child locations. Multivariate models were fitted and prevalence predictions obtained by syndrome and age stratum. FINDINGS: 20 studies from 23 countries (including locations in Central America and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and southeast Asia) contributed 66 563 sample results. Age, symptom status, and study design contributed most to model performance followed by temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and soil moisture. Probability of Shigella infection exceeded 20% when both precipitation and soil moisture were above average and had a 43% peak in uncomplicated diarrhoea cases at 33°C temperatures, above which it decreased. Compared with unimproved sanitation, improved sanitation decreased the odds of Shigella infection by 19% (odds ratio [OR]=0·81 [95% CI 0·76-0·86]) and open defecation decreased them by 18% (OR=0·82 [0·76-0·88]). INTERPRETATION: The distribution of Shigella is more sensitive to climatological factors, such as temperature, than previously recognised. Conditions in much of sub-Saharan Africa are particularly propitious for Shigella transmission, although hotspots also occur in South America and Central America, the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, and the island of New Guinea. These findings can inform prioritisation of populations for future vaccine trials and campaigns. FUNDING: NASA, National Institutes of Health-The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1–11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely