Deconvolution in white noise with a random blurring function

We consider the problem of denoising a function observed after a convolution with a random filter independent of the noise and satisfying some mean smoothness condition depending on an ill posedness coefficient. We establish the minimax rates for the Lp risk over balls of periodic Besov spaces with respect to the level of noise, and we provide an adaptive estimator achieving these rates up to log factors. Simulations were performed to highlight the effects of the ill posedness and of the distribution of the filter on the efficiency of the estimator

Organic Viticulture in Europe and the European Union

In this article, some key data on organic grape prodcution are presented. Organic vines were grown in Europe on more than 230,000 hectares at the end of 2011 (217,000 hectares within the European Union) according to a survey by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL). The largest areas are in Spain, France and Italy. One third of Europe’s organic grape area is in Spain. Most of the organic grapes are grown for wine, even though in Turkey a large part of the production is used for raisins

Organic Farming Research Worldwide – An Overview

Research in organic farming has increased considerably in recent years. Up to now, activity has been greatest in Europe, but recently organic research has increased in other parts of the world, and more and more players are appearing on the scene. Research is mostly carried out in a national context, but international coordination and cooperative efforts are increasing. This article summarizes some key facts about organic farming research worldwide

Organic Farming in Europe

In this article latest developments in Europe are presented: › Current statistics › Review of the European political and legal framework for organic agriculture › EU regulation on organic farming › Policy support › Action plans › Research › Progress of the OrganicDataNetwork project › Successful policy work of IFOAM EU › Further reading › Website

Europe: Statistics, support schemes and research

Since the beginning of the 1990s, organic farming has rapidly developed in almost all European countries. According to this survey in Europe, more than 6.9 million hectares (1.4 percent of the agricultural land) are managed organically by almost 190’000 farms

Information sources: Overview

In this chapter, some of the major information sources for information related to organic farming are presented. The International Trade Centre (ITC) has recently considerably expanded its information and market access services. These are presented in detail

Organic Agricultural Research in Europe -– Present State and Future Prospects

Organic agriculture has become a widely accepted sector of agricultural and food research. In Europe publicly funded research has shifted towards organic farming, while research funding for conventional farming has been cut considerably. This paper takes a closer look at how organic farming research is organised in Europe and at what challenges researchers will face in the future

Europe

Since the be ginning of the 1990s, organic farm ing has rapidly developed in almost all European countries. Growth has, however, slowed down recently. According to the Swiss Research Institute of Or ganic Agriculture FiBL, by the 31.12.2002 in the 15 countries of the European Union (EU), around 4.8 million hectares were man aged organically by al most 140,000 farms. This constituted 3.5 percent of the agricultural area and 2 percent of the farms in the EU. According to the SOEL-statistics in the whole of Europe cur rently 5.6 mil lion hect ares are managed or gani cally by ap prox imately 175,000 farmers. Compared to the previous year, this is an increase of 9 percent in the organic land area in the EU, mainly due to a strong growth in France, Spain and the UK. The number of farms went down, however, mainly due to a decrease in organic farms in Italy. There are also sub stantial differ ences between indi vid ual countries re gard ing the importance of organic farm ing. More than 11 percent of ag ricultural land is organic in Austria, and 10 percent in Switzerland. Some countries have yet to reach one percent. The coun try with the highest number of farms and the greatest number of hectares is Italy. One quarter of the European Union’s organic land and more than one third of its organic farms are located here. A complete overview of the statistical development of the organic sec tor since the 1990s is available at the homepage of the Or ganic Cen tre Wales at www.organic.aber.ac.uk/stats.shtml

Organic Farming in Germany / Organic Farming in Switzerland

The two papers give a brief overview of the current (2006) organic farming sitation in Germany and in Switzerland. The papers include information about the history of organic farming, the market situation and statistics

Reduced tillage and green manures for sustainable organic cropping systems

The overall aim of the project Reduced tillage and green manures for sustainable organic cropping systems (TILMAN-)ORG are to design improved organic cropping systems with enhanced productivity and nutrient use efficiency, more efficient weed management and increased biodiversity, but lower carbon footprints. The TILMAN-ORG project is funded by the CORE Organic II Funding Bodies being partners of the FP7 ERA-Net project, CORE Organic II. The TILMAN-ORG project’s overall goals are to design improved organic cropping systems with: - enhanced productivity and nutrient use efficiency, - more efficient weed management and increased biodiversity, but - lower carbon footprints (in particular increased carbon sequestration and lower GHG emissions from soils). These goals will be achieved by adapting and integrating conservation agriculture techniques (in particular reduced tillage and improved use of green manures) into organic farming systems to intensify biological soil functions like nutrient cycling, soil carbon build-up, and biological nitrogen fixation, while at the same time optimising management protocols for weeds (which are the main challenge when introducing minimum tillage systems). Project partners - Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) - ISARA Lyon - Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU) - University of Kassel - Louis Bolk Institute (LBI) - Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) - ILVO - Public Research Center-Gabriel Lippmann (CRP-GL) - Newcastle University (UNEW) - The Organic Research Centre - Elm Farm (ORC) - Estonian University of Life Sciences (EULS) - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali (CIRAA) - Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (SSSA) - Universitat de Barcelona (UB) - Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL Austria