Antoine d'Abbadie d'Arrast et la musique

El interés de Antoine d'Abbadie para la música se traduce en su juventud por la puesta a punto o la copia de un método de estenografía musical. Con la instauración de los juegos florales, la música se manifiesta de manera secundaria en un primer momento, por la interpretación cantada de la poesía premiada (por un cantante solo o en grupo y, excepcionalmente, en 1856, por los hermanos Lionnet, sobre una melodía notada por D. Alard). En 1874, por fin, aparece uno de los primeros libros de melodías vascas que contiene una melodía comunicada (despues de un intercambio epistolar al que hemos tenido acceso) por A. d'Abbadie a P. Lamazou, tenor bearnés bien conocido en París por sus conciertos de "cantos pirenaicos".A. d'Abbadieren musikarekiko interesak musikarekiko estenografia metodo bat puntuan jartzera edo kopiatzera eraman zuen bere gaztaroan. Lore Jokoak eraturik, hasieran bigarren planoan agertu zen musika, eta olerki saritua kantuz aurkeztera mugatzen zen (bakarlari batek edo talde batek emana eta, salbuespenez, 1856an Lionnet anaien eskutik, D. Alard idatziz jasotako doinuaz). Azkenik, 1874an, euskal doinuen lehen bildumetariko bat agertu zen, haien artean -gure eskuetara heldu den gutun-trukearen ondorioz- A. d'Abbadiek P. Lamazou-ri helarazitako doinua aurkitzen dela. P. Lamazou tenorea ondo ezaguna zen Parisen, ematen zituen "Pirinioetako kantuengatik".L'intérêt d'A. d'Abbadie pour la musique se traduit dans sa jeunesse par la mise au point ou la copie d'une méthode de sténographie musicale. Avec l'instauration des jeux floraux, la musique se manifeste de façon secondaire tout d'abord, par l'interprétation chantée de la poésie primée (par un chanteur seul ou un groupe, et, exceptionnellement, en 1856, par les frères Lionnet, sur un air noté par D.Alard). En 1874, enfin, paraît un des premiers recueils de mélodies basques, qui contient un air communiqué (à l'issu d'un échange épistolaire qui nous est parvenu) par A. d'Abbadie à P. Lamazou, ténor béarnais bien connu à Paris pour ses concerts de "chants pyrénéens".Antoine d'Abbadie's interest for music during his youth is demonstrated by the fact that he adjusted or copied a method for musical stenography. With the setting-up of the floral games, music manifests itself in a secondary way at first, through its performance in the songs of the prize-winning poems (by a solo singer or a group and, exceptionally, in 1856, by the Lionnet brothers on a melody taken down by D. Alard). In 1874, one of the first Basque melody books is published. This book contains a melody which was passed on (after an exchange of correspondence to when we have had access) by A. d'Abbadie to P. Lamazou, a tenor from Bearn who was well-known in Paris for his arrangements of "pyreneaic songs"

Comment Pierre-Jean Garat est devenu un chanteur basque : de l'Histoire au(x) mythe(s)

« Garat, Pierre-Jean26. April 1762 in Bordeaux, † 1. März 1823 in Paris, Sänger und Komponist. (...) In diesen Konzerten sang er aüβerden Arien von Gluck oder Mozart, Arien aus italienischen Buffa- und Seriaopern, eigene Romances oder baskische Volkslieder (...) ». « Garat : le chanteur de la reine.Un jeune Basque à la voix d'or, né à Ustaritz, fit la joie des appartements de Marie-Antoinette dans les derniers flamboiements de la cour (...) ». « Garat Gouteyron, Pierre JeanTenore eta konposit..

Le chant et l'identification culturelle des Basques (1800-1950)

Le chant est devenu aujourd'hui l'un des domaines les plus spontanément associés au Pays Basque, et il fait partie des idées courantes que le « chant basque » a toujours existé, ou du moins qu'il est l'une des caractéristiques majeures du Pays Basque depuis fort longtemps. Pourtant, un survol historique nous montre qu'il n'en est pas ainsi. Le musicographe F. J. Fétis, par exemple, définissant les termes d'air et de chanson, relève les « airs nationaux » de différents pays ou régions d'Europe..

Targeting T Cell Activation and Lupus Autoimmune Phenotypes by Inhibiting Glucose Transporters

CD4+ T cells have numerous features of over-activated cellular metabolism in lupus patients and mouse models of the disease. This includes a higher glycolysis than in healthy controls. Glucose transporters play an essential role in glucose metabolism by controlling glucose import into the cell from the extracellular environment. We have previously shown that treatment of lupus-prone mice with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which inhibits the first step of glycolysis was sufficient to prevent autoimmune activation. However, direct targeting of glucose transporters has never been tested in a mouse model of lupus. Here, we show that CG-5, a novel glucose transporter inhibitor, ameliorated autoimmune phenotypes in a spontaneous lupus-prone mouse model, B6.NZM2410.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 (Triple-congenic, TC), and in a chronic graft- vs. host-disease (cGVHD) model of induced lupus. In vitro, CG-5 blocked glycolysis in CD4+ T cells, and limited the expansion of CD4+ T cells induced by alloreactive stimulation. CG-5 also modulated CD4+ T cell polarization by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation and promoting regulatory T (Treg) induction. Moreover, CG-5 treatment reduced lupus phenotypes including the expansion of germinal center B (GC B) cells, as well as the production of autoantibodies in both TC mice and cGVHD models. Finally, CG-5 blocked glycolysis in human T cells. Overall, our data suggest that blocking glucose uptake with a small molecule inhibitor ameliorates autoimmune activation, at least partially due to its inhibition of glycolysis in CD4+ T cells

Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: III. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by a Fourier-Domain Study of Anti-correlated Transit Timing Variations

We present a method to confirm the planetary nature of objects in systems with multiple transiting exoplanet candidates. This method involves a Fourier-Domain analysis of the deviations in the transit times from a constant period that result from dynamical interactions within the system. The combination of observed anti-correlations in the transit times and mass constraints from dynamical stability allow us to claim the discovery of four planetary systems Kepler-25, Kepler-26, Kepler-27, and Kepler-28, containing eight planets and one additional planet candidate.Comment: Accepted to MNRA

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Effects of African dust deposition on phytoplankton in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean off Barbados

Bioassay incubation experiments conducted with nutrients and local atmospheric aerosol amendments indicate that phosphorus (P) availability limited phytoplankton growth in the low-nutrient low-chlorophyll (LNLC) ocean off Barbados. Atmospheric deposition provides a relatively large influx of new nutrients and trace metals to the surface ocean in this region in comparison to other nutrient sources. However, the impact on native phytoplankton is muted due to the high ratio of nitrogen (N) to P (NO3:SRP > 40) and the low P solubility of these aerosols. Atmospheric deposition induces P limitation in this LNLC region by adding more N and iron (Fe) relative to P. This favors the growth of Prochlorococcus, a genus characterized by low P requirements and highly efficient P acquisition mechanisms. A global three-dimensional marine ecosystem model that includes species-specific phytoplankton elemental quotas/stoichiometry and the atmospheric deposition of N, P, and Fe supports this conclusion. Future increases in aerosol N loading may therefore influence phytoplankton community structure in other LNLC areas, thereby affecting the biological pump and associated carbon sequestration

Consensus classification of posterior cortical atrophy

INTRODUCTION: A classification framework for posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is proposed to improve the uniformity of definition of the syndrome in a variety of research settings. METHODS: Consensus statements about PCA were developed through a detailed literature review, the formation of an international multidisciplinary working party which convened on four occasions, and a Web-based quantitative survey regarding symptom frequency and the conceptualization of PCA. RESULTS: A three-level classification framework for PCA is described comprising both syndrome- and disease-level descriptions. Classification level 1 (PCA) defines the core clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging features and exclusion criteria of the clinico-radiological syndrome. Classification level 2 (PCA-pure, PCA-plus) establishes whether, in addition to the core PCA syndrome, the core features of any other neurodegenerative syndromes are present. Classification level 3 (PCA attributable to AD [PCA-AD], Lewy body disease [PCA-LBD], corticobasal degeneration [PCA-CBD], prion disease [PCA-prion]) provides a more formal determination of the underlying cause of the PCA syndrome, based on available pathophysiological biomarker evidence. The issue of additional syndrome-level descriptors is discussed in relation to the challenges of defining stages of syndrome severity and characterizing phenotypic heterogeneity within the PCA spectrum. DISCUSSION: There was strong agreement regarding the definition of the core clinico-radiological syndrome, meaning that the current consensus statement should be regarded as a refinement, development, and extension of previous single-center PCA criteria rather than any wholesale alteration or redescription of the syndrome. The framework and terminology may facilitate the interpretation of research data across studies, be applicable across a broad range of research scenarios (e.g., behavioral interventions, pharmacological trials), and provide a foundation for future collaborative work

Antibiotic research and development: business as usual?

This article contends that poor economic incentives are an important reason for the lack of new drugs and explains how the DRIVE-AB intends to change the landscape by harnessing the expertise, motivation and diversity of its partner