The Assimilation Of Italian Immigrants And Their Children Through A Variety Of Educational Experiences In A Rural Area (Pennsylvania).

This study examined the assimilation of twentieth century Italian immigrants and their children through a variety of educational experiences in a rural area. The objectives were to describe how they acquired their language, to determine factors which affected their assimilation, and to compare and contrast, through a review of the literature, urban experiences with the rural experiences of subjects in this study. Little has been written about Italian immigrant experiences in rural areas. Therefore, to supplement the published and unpublished studies on the Italians in the cities, the techniques of oral history were utilized in order to study Italian immigrants and their children in Washington, Pennsylvania. The results indicated that the majority of the Italian immigrants who came to Washington, Pennsylvania between 1890 - 1940 were from Southern Italy and for the most part were agricultural workers who migrated to the United States for economic reasons. It was also found that Italian immigrants were put at a disadvantage by the language barrier, customs, religion, and mannerisms. However, they were self-contained, and by banding together and isolating themselves, they felt secure and were able to retain an identity. This type of settlement helped them learn the English language from their own children, neighbors, boarders, and relatives who migrated earlier. Most important, various factors facilitated assimilation of rural Italian immigrants such as the English language, work experiences, lodges, churches, recreational activities and the newspapers. Finally, the implications of this study indicated that the techniques of oral history could be employed in ethnic studies courses along with helping use oral history to reconstruct the history of their communities

The relationship between cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution April, 1975The purpose of this investigation is to quantify the relationship between cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton and further to study the effect on copper toxicity of naturally occurring organic ligands. Culture experiments with an estuarine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (clone 3H) in highly chelated seawater media demonstrated that copper induced growth rate inhibition and 3 to 4 day cellular uptake of copper are both related to the calculated free cupric ion activity and are independent of the total copper concentration. Cupric ion activity and total copper concentration were independently altered through various combinations of chelator (trishydroxymethyl amino methane) concentration, total copper concentration, and pH. Cellular copper content, in moles per cell, followed a hyperbolic relationship Cu/cell = 4.8 x 1-016 aCu/aCU + 10-9.2 where aCu is the free cupric ion activity. The above relationship suggests a reversible binding of copper to a single set of cellular ligand sites having a total binding capacity of 4.8 x 10-16 moles per cell and an association constant for reaction with copper of 109.2. For T. pseudonana (clone 3H) copper was inhibitory at pCu values below 10.7 (i.e. cupric ion activities above 10-10.7) with total growth inhibition occurring at pCu values below 8.3. The relationship between growth rate inhibition and cupric ion activity was not a simple hyperbolic relationship as was observed in the case of copper uptake. For an estuarine green alga Nannochloris atomus (clone GSB Nanno) and an open ocean strain of T. pseudonana (clone 13-1) partial growth rate inhibition occurred in the pCu ranges 10.3 to 8.4 and approximately 10 to 8, respectively. Comparison of these growth inhibitory pCu levels with a calculated estimate of the pCu of seawater of pH 8.2 containing a typica1 total copper concentration of 0.012 μM and having no significant copper chelation, indicates that natural cupric ion activity levels in seawater may be inhibitory to these three clones. Evidence was found for the complexation of copper by extracellular products of the alga T. pseudonana (clone 3H). Cupric ion selective electrode measurements of copper complexation in unused low salinity culture media and in identical media in which algae had been grown and from which they were subsequently filtered showed a higher degree of copper complexation in the used media. Parallel studies of copper toxicity and cellular copper uptake in an unused medium and in a culture filtrate demonstrated a lower copper toxicity and a decreased cellular copper uptake in the used medium. Cupric ion-selective electrode measurements and bioassay experiments support the hypothesis that copper is complexed by organic ligands in at least some natural waters. Copper added to filtered untreated river water is more highly complexed than that added to river water that has been uv irradiated to remove some portion of the dissolved organic matter. Copper toxicity to N. atomus is significantly increased in seawater from Vineyard Sound and in salt marsh water subjected to prior ultraviolet irradiation.This research was supported in part by Grant Numoer GB-33288 of the Biological Oceanography Section of the National Science Foundation, and in part by a Woods Hole Oceanograhic Institution Fellowship

Factors that Accelerate Vulnerability to Climate Change Impact among the Agro- Pastoralists in Arumeru, Tanzania

This study sought to establish factors that accelerate vulnerability to climate change impact among Agro- Pastoralists in Arumeru District, Tanzania, using the Cross- Sectional Survey Design. The sample size was 202 respondents selected through random and purposive sampling procedures. In each village, 30 households of 18 years of age and above were sampled.   Data was collected using household survey, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Data was analysed through the thematic approach and descriptive statistics. The study identified some factors that accelerated vulnerability to Climate Change Impact. The study recommended that there is a need to fully involve local communities in planning and decision making on how to effectively mitigate climate change impacts on people's livelihood. There is also a need for increased consciousness of the possible impacts of climate changes. Finally, the agro-pastoralist should employ several strategies to reduce risk, such as planting drought-resistant crops like cassava to yield in the dry seasons

ANALISIS STRUKTURAL JEUNG SEMIOTIK DINA NOVÉL SAÉNI KARANGAN HADI AKS PIKEUN BAHAN PANGAJARAN MACA NOVÉL DI SMA

Novel Saéni mempunyai unsur-unsur struktural dan semiotik yang perlu dikaji dan diketahui oleh pembaca. Secara umum, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menggali unsur struktural yang ada dalam novel seperti tema, fakta cerita (alur, lattar, tokoh dan karakter), dan sarana cerita (sudut pandang, gaya bahasa, amanat) serta menggali unsur semiotik (ikon, indeks, dan simbol) yang kemudian dihubungkan dengan pembelajaran membaca novel di SMA. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif analitik, dengan menggunakan tekhnik telaah pustaka dan analisis data menggunakan kartu data. Sedangkan yang menjadi sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novél Saéni. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa unsur struktural yang ada pada novel ini adalah: 1) tema dalam novel ini membahas tentang kisah asmara atau percintaan, 2) alur yang digunakan oleh pengarang yaitu alur bobok tengah, 3) latar yang terdapat dalam novel ini yaitu latar waktu, latar tempat, dan latar sosial, 4) dalam novel ini, terdapat dua tokoh utama, ditambah dengan tokoh tambahan dan tokoh figuran, 5) terdapat sembilan gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam novel Saéni, yaitu pleonasmeu, spot, alegori, sinestesia, hiperbola, litotes, eufimismeu, personifikasi dan simile, 6) amanat yang terkandung di dalamnya yaitu janganlah mengutamakan nafsu, tetapi kendalikanlah diri kita dalam menghadapi suatu masalah, menerima takdir, dan janganlah melanggar aturan agama. Unsur semiotik yang ada dalam novel ini yaitu dua ikon, 42 indeks, dan 36 simbol. Selain dari dua unsur tersebut novel Saéni juga menampakkan perbandingan dan gambaran kehidupan masyarakat Sunda di pegunungan dan di pesisir pantai yang masih kental akan dongeng, kebudayaan, dan kepercayaan, serta bisa dijadikan bahan pembelajaran membaca novel di SM

Use of spent sulphite liquor for stabilization of fractured rock and sealing off water bearing formations

The paper industry, in its process of manufacturing pulp from wood, produces large quantities of a substance called lignin, lignin sulphite, or lignosulphonate. This material has been disposed of as a waste product; however, it does have many potential uses. In this investigation, lignosulfonates were used as agents for bonding rock sections together and, as the chief component of gels, for filling the pores of artificial rock cores. The purposes of these tests were to find how this substance could be used in the mining industry, for stabilizing fractured ground around mine openings and for sealing off water influx into mine openings. Strength tests conducted on cemented sections of rock and permeability tests conducted on the sealed cores indicated that lignosulfonates would make effective stabilizing and sealing compounds, when used under the proper physical conditions and when the correct proportions of chemicals were employed. a major advantage of this substance over other cementing or sealing agents is its los cost, which in most cases would be far less than any other known substances used for these purposes --Abstract, page ii

Manajemen Kelas Daring Pada Masa Covid-19 Di Sekolah Dasar Maitreyawira Palembang

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fluency and teacher creativity, the relationship between flexibility and teacher creativity, the relationship between originality and teacher creativity, and the relationship between elaboration and teacher creativity in managing online classes during the COVID-19 period. This research uses quantitative methods. The sample taken in the study was 29 students using a random sampling technique. This study used a questionnaire distributed to 29 students. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research data analysis showed that the regression value of 0.898 showed a significant relationship between fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration on teacher creativity. These results shows the effect that the higher the fluency of elementary school teachers, the better the creativity of teachers and vice versa, so Maitreyawira  Elementary School Palembang in increasing teacher creativity needs to also increase fluency. The flexibility variable does not show a significant effect on teacher creativity, where the lower the flexibility of the HR teacher, the worse the teacher's creativity. The originality variable has a significant influence where the higher the originality of the elementary school teacher, the better the teacher's creativity. The elaboration variable shows that there is no significant effect between teacher elaboration and creativity, where the lower the teacher's elaboration, the better the teacher's creativity. Keywords: Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, Elaboration, Teacher Creativity   Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan fluency terhadap kreativitas guru, hubungan flexibility terhadap kretivitas guru, hubungan originality terhadap kreativitas guru dan hubungan elaboration terhadap kreativitas guru dalam mengelola kelas daring pada masa covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian sebanyak 29 siswa menggunakan teknik random sampling.  Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang didistribusikan kepada 29 Siswa. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai regresi sebesar 0,898 menunjukkan terjadi hubungan yang siginifikan antara fluency, flexibility, originality dan elaboration terhadap kreativitas guru. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukan pengaruh apabila semakin menaiknya fluency guru SD maka semakin baiknya kreaivitas guru dan sebaliknya, sehingga SD Maitreyawira Palembang dalam meningkatkan kreativitas guru perlu juga meningkatkan fluency. Variabel flexibility tidak menunjukan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kreativitas guru, dimana semakin menurunya flexibility guru SDM maka semakin berakibat buruknya kreativitas guru. Variable originality memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dimana semakin naiknya originality guru SD maka semakin baiknya kreativitas guru. Variable elaboration menunjukan tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan anatara elaboration dan kreativitas guru, dimana semakin turunnya elaboration guru maka berakibat semakin baiknya kreativitas guru . Kata kunci:  Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, Elaboration, Kreativitas Gur

Prophylactic use of tranexamic acid to reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in caesarean section

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is most dreaded complication which occurs worldwide, more prevalent in developing countries after both vaginal and caesarean delivery. Prophylactic administration of a uterotonics immediately after delivery is the only procedure that has been proved to reduce rates of postpartum haemorrhage. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic is recommended by WHO for management of PPH, its role to reduce blood loss in caesarean section as a prophylactic agent is not well studied.Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital at New Delhi total 100 pregnant women with age ≥18 and <35 years and singleton alive fetus who underwent caesarean section were included for this study.  Study population was divided in two group. Women assigned to the study group received 1 gm tranexamic acid slowly intravenously over 10 minutes after delivery of the baby as per existing unit protocol. Those women who received tranexamic acid was compared with other group who did not received tranexamic acid. The primary outcomes were mean blood loss (ml) and mean fall in hemoglobin level within 48 hours after surgery.Results: Amount of blood loss was significantly low (mean 369 ml) in tranexamic acid group as compared to control group (488 ml), the difference was statistically significant (p value 0.001).  Mean fall in haemoglobin level was also low (1.17 mg/dl) in group who received tranexamic acid as compared to control group (1.87 mg/dl), the difference was statistically significant (p value 0.001). Postpartum hemorrhage (blood loss more than 1000 ml) was observed in 1 patient in control group and no case of PPH was observed in study group.Conclusions: Tranexamic acid administration prior to caesarean section was effective in reducing the blood loss intra and postoperative period, without any immediate maternal and neonatal adverse events as well as reduces the need of blood transfusion

The relationship between cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton

Culture experiments with the estuarine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (clone 3H) in highly chelated seawater media demonstrate that growth rate inhibition and copper content of cells are related to cupric ion activity, and not to total copper concentration. Cupric ion activity was altered independently of total copper concentration by varying the chelator concentration, and the pH...

A Review: Effort Estimation Model for Scrum Projects using Supervised Learning

Effort estimation practice in Agile is a critical component of the methodology to help cross-functional teams to plan and prioritize their work. Agile approaches have emerged in recent years as a more adaptable means of creating software projects because they consistently produce a workable end product that is developed progressively, preventing projects from failing entirely. Agile software development enables teams to collaborate directly with clients and swiftly adjust to changing requirements. This produces a result that is distinct, gradual, and targeted. It has been noted that the present Scrum estimate approach heavily relies on historical data from previous projects and expert opinion, while existing agile estimation methods like analogy and planning poker become unpredictable in the absence of historical data and experts. User Stories are used to estimate effort in the Agile approach, which has been adopted by 60–70% of the software businesses. This study's goal is to review a variety of strategies and techniques that will be used to gauge and forecast effort. Additionally, the supervised machine learning method most suited for predictive analysis is reviewed in this paper