CROSSREACTIVE ANTIBODIES AND MEMORY T CELLS TO HUMAN AND ZOONOTIC INFLUENZA A VIRUSES IN VOLUNTEERS

There exists a real hazard of transferring zoonotic influenza A viruses, either swine, or avian, into human population. In such case, severity of such pandemics depends on the pathogen-specific immunity in the population. Virtual absence of such immunity in humans was declared in the literature. In this work, we assessed systemic, local, and T-cell immunity to potentially pandemic H3N2sw, H5N1, H5N2, H7N3, H7N9 and H2N2 influenza A viruses in a group of healthy adults of different age. Our results indicate that these subjects develop the following immune reactions: (i) local (i.e., nasal IgA) and cellular (CD4+ and CD8v memory T cells) heterosubtypic immunity, in absence of detectable virus-specific serum antibodies to avian influenza A viruses; (ii) Local immune responses (as nasal IgA) to human A (H2N2) virus which circulated in 1957-1968 were detected both in subjects who could be primed at that time, but also in subjects born after 1968; (iii) full-scale systemic and local immunity to potentially pandemic А (H3N2sw) swine virus was found in the group. Conclusion. In order of proper epidemiological forecasts and planning appropriate preventive measures for potentially pandemic Influenza A viruses, a regular monitoring of collective immunity should be performed using different adaptive markers. In this respect, any conclusion based on molecular analysis only could lead to considerable mistakes, and should be accomplished by the mentioned immunological studies

Роль микробиоты в онкогенезе

Objective. To conduct a systematic analysis of data on the results of studies published in scientific journals on the pro-carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic role of microbiota, as well as on the therapeutic potential of microorganisms in oncogenesis.Material and Methods. The articles were searched using the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and eLIBRARY databases. More than 150 sources dedicated to the study of the carcinogenic function of the microbiota and the possible influence of its species and quantitative composition on the efficacy and toxicity of antitumor therapy were found. Data from 71 articles were included in the review.Results. The relationship between the gut microbiota and cancer is multifactorial and bilateral: pro-carcinogenic on the one hand and anti-carcinogenic on the other hand. Microorganisms can induce tumor growth and cancer development through DNA damage and induction of mutagenesis, trigger oncogenic signals, disruption of barrier function, as well as immune response system disruption. Depletion of microbiota, the development of dysbiosis and induction of chronic inflammatory state are negative factors in the development of cancer. The anticancer effect of microorganisms is presumably based on the production of tumor-suppressive metabolites that function through multiple immune reactions. Maintenance of barrier function, competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria, and direct action on immune cells to prevent inflammation are also important protective factors. The presence of intratumor microorganisms in various tumors has been noted. Changes in species and quantitative composition of cancer patients’ microbiota are influenced by diet, taking antibacterial drugs, chemo-, immuno- and radiation therapy. In turn, the microbiota can affect the ongoing treatment. Numerous studies on the influence of the gut microbiota on the efficacy of immunotherapy, particularly in disseminated melanoma, have been conducted. It has been suggested that primary resistance to immunotherapy may be related to the abnormal composition of the gut microbiota. The level of gut microfora composition diversity and the number of Faecalibacterium or Bacteroidales in the fecal microbiota have been suggested to be the predictor of response to anti-PD-1 therapy. To change the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, several therapeutic methods, such as the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as the change in the microbiota composition through a specific diet, are available. Цель исследования – провести систематический анализ данных о результатах исследований, опубликованных в научных изданиях, о проканцерогенной и антиканцерогенной роли микробиоты, а также о терапевтическом потенциале микроорганизмов в онкогенезе.Материал и методы. Поиск статей проведен с использованием баз данных Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, еLIBRARY. Всего найдено более 150 источников, посвященных изучению канцерогенной функции микробиоты и возможного влияния ее видового и количественного состава на эффективность и токсичность противоопухолевой терапии. В обзор включены данные из 71 статьи.Результат. Связь между кишечной микробиотой и раком многофакторная и двусторонняя: проканцерогенная, с одной стороны, и антиканцерогенная – с другой. Микроорганизмы могут индуцировать рост опухоли и развитие онкологических заболеваний посредством повреждения ДНК и индукции мутагенеза, запуска онкогенных сигналов, нарушения барьерной функции, а также нарушения системы иммунного ответа. Истощение микробиоты, развитие дисбиоза и индукция хронического воспалительного состояния являются негативными факторами при развитии онкологических заболеваний. Антиканцерогенное действие микроорганизмов, предположительно, основано на производстве опухолесупрессивных метаболитов, которые функционируют через множество иммунных реакций. Также немаловажными факторами защиты являются поддержание микроорганизмами барьерной функции, конкурентное исключение патогенных бактерий и прямое воздействие на иммунные клетки для предотвращения воспаления. Отмечается присутствие внутриопухолевых микроорганизмов в различных опухолях. На изменение видового и количественного состава микробиоты онкологических больных оказывают влияние питание, прием антибактериальных препаратов, химио-, иммуно- и лучевая терапия. В свою очередь, микробиота может оказывать влияние на проводимое лечение. Проведены многочисленные исследования по изучению влияния микробиоты кишки на эффективность иммунотерапии, в частности при диссеминированной меланоме. Предполагается, что первичная устойчивость к иммунотерапии может быть связана с аномальным составом микробиоты кишечника. Высказано мнение, что предиктором ответа на терапию анти-PD-1 являются уровень разнообразия состава микробиоты кишечника и преобладание Faecalibacterium или Bacteroidales. Доступно несколько терапевтических методов для изменения состава и активности кишечной микробиоты, таких как введение пребиотиков, пробиотиков, синбиотиков, постбиотиков, трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, а также изменение состава микробиоты посредством определенной диеты

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Search for direct stau production in events with two hadronic tau-leptons in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners ofτ-leptons (staus) in final stateswith two hadronically decayingτ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of139fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LargeHadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected StandardModel background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of direct production of stau pairs with eachstau decaying into the stable lightest neutralino and oneτ-lepton in simplified models where the two staumass eigenstates are degenerate. Stau masses from 120 GeV to 390 GeV are excluded at 95% confidencelevel for a massless lightest neutralino

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Laser calibration of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter during LHC Run 2

This article reports the laser calibration of the hadronic Tile Calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment in the LHC Run 2 data campaign. The upgraded Laser II calibration system is described. The system was commissioned during the first LHC Long Shutdown, exhibiting a stability better than 0.8% for the laser light monitoring. The methods employed to derive the detector calibration factors with data from the laser calibration runs are also detailed. These allowed to correct for the response fluctuations of the 9852 photomultiplier tubes of the Tile Calorimeter with a total uncertainty of 0.5% plus a luminosity-dependent sub-dominant term. Finally, we report the regular monitoring and performance studies using laser events in both standalone runs and during proton collisions. These studies include channel timing and quality inspection, and photomultiplier linearity and response dependence on anode current