Development of a food antioxidant complex of plant origin

Розроблено антиоксидантний комплекс для використання в оліях, жирах та продуктах харчування, що потребують збагачення біологічно активними речовинами рослинного походження. Досліджено раціональні умови одержан- ня водно-етанольних екстрактів із рослинної сировини: кори дубу, листя евкаліпту та листя зеленого чаю. Отримано антиоксидант, що здатен запобігати окисненню жировмісних продуктів, зберігаючи їх високу поживну цінність. Антиоксидантні речовини природного походження дозволять створювати збалансовані за складом продукти з підвищеним строком придатності із збереженням початкового природного складу та структури компонентів. Також розроблений антиоксидант є додатковим джерелом речовин, що допомагають організму боротися з вільними радикалами, що утворюються внаслідок фізичних та психічних навантажень. До складу антиоксидантів рослинного походжен- ня входять антиоксидантні вітаміни (токофероли та аскорбінова кислота), рослинні феноли та тиолові антиоксиданти (глутатіон, ліпоєва кислота), мікроелементи. Ці складові беруть участь у процесах гальмування окиснення. Також до таких антиоксидантів входять селен, цинк, фолати та інші речовини. Для планування експериментальних досліджень для кожного виду рослинної сировини стосовно антиоксидантної активності виділених речовин використано повний факторний експеримент першого порядку. Виявлено синергізм дії антиоксидантних речовин при одночасному використанні екстрактів з кори дубу, листя евкаліпта, листя зеленого чаю. Розроблений антиоксидант підвищує період індукції модельної речовини (олії соняшникової) у 2,7 рази, тоді як під час використання антиоксидантів окремо з кожного виду рослин найкращий показник збільшення періоду індукції склав 1,9. Отже, розроблений антиоксидант здатен сприяти збереженню якості і безпечності жировмісних продуктів харчування. Використання даного антиоксиданту може бути запропоновано для продуктів харчування людей, що потребують додаткового введення антиоксидантів та біологічно активних речовин до раціону харчування. Зокрема, це важливо для спортсменів

БПЛА АЭРОФОТОСЪЕМКА ПРИ МОНИТОРИНГОВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ БЕРЕГОВЫХ ГЕОСИСТЕМ ЮГА ИРКУТСКОГО АМФИТЕАТРА

Estimating the dynamics of exogenous geological processes and understanding their controlling factors is an urgent task faced by many regions of the world. One of the methods of its solution is monitoring. The paper presents the UAV monitoring results for short-term dynamics of complex exogenous processes at five key sites in the coastal zone south of the Bratsk reservoir. The study area is a part of the platform structure in the south of the Irkutsk amphitheater, which is considered to be relatively stable in terms of geodynamics. There has been developed a methodical scheme for obtaining data series on the dynamics of complex exogenous geological processes in the coastal geosystem. A flight altitude of 50–60 m is optimal to obtain orthophotos with a resolution of 1.1–2.2 cm/px, sufficient to estimate the areal dynamics of the processes, and a DEM with a resolution of 2.6–5.4 cm/px to estimate the volumetric dynamics.The eroded coastal area at the Rassvet site was measured to be 6900 m2, which corresponds to an average erosion width of 3.45 m per linear meter of coastal length with maximum values of up to 6.51 m. A high rate of coastal erosion in the period 2021–2022 is related to the maximum water level in the Bratsk reservoir, close to the normal headwater level. The assessment of the volumetric dynamics of the coastal gullies yielded negative values, as most of the gully mouths were eroded. The secondary valley-bottom gullies (Mamontov and Barany sites) and coastal gullies (Khadakhan site) are characterized by positive dynamics both in area and volume growth (12–20 m2 and 1.3–35.0 m3, respectively). At the Khadakhan site, the volumetric growth of new and previously observed suffusion sinkholes was 0.45 m3.The obtained areal and volumetric rates of the exogenous processes can serve as a basis for their modern assessment and prediction of their development in order to prevent and reduce socio-economic risks.Оценка темпов и понимание контролирующих факторов современной динамики развития экзогенных геологических процессов являются актуальной задачей во многих регионах мира. Один из методов получения данных для ее решения – мониторинг. В работе представлены результаты мониторинговых исследований краткосрочной динамики комплекса экзогенных геологических процессов по данным БПЛА аэрофотосъемки, выполненной на пяти ключевых участках в береговой зоне юга Братского водохранилища. Исследуемая территория относится к платформенной структуре юга Иркутского амфитеатра, которая считается относительно стабильной в геодинамическом отношении. Отработана методическая схема получения рядов данных по динамике комплекса экзогенных геологических процессов в береговой геосистеме. Высота полета 50–60 м является оптимальной для получения ортофотопланов с разрешением 1.1–2.2 см/пк, достаточным для оценки площадной динамики процессов, и цифровых моделей рельефа с разрешением 2.6–5.4 см/пк – для оценки объемной динамики.Установлено, что площадь абразионного размыва на участке Рассвет составила 6900 м2, что соответствует средней ширине размыва 3.45 м на погонный метр длины берега с максимальными значениями до 6.51 м. Высокие темпы абразии за период 2021–2022 гг. связаны с максимальным уровнем воды в Братском водохранилище, близким к нормальному подпорному горизонту. Оценка объемной динамики береговых оврагов показала отрицательные значения, так как устьевые части большинства оврагов были размыты абразией. На других участках вторичные донные (Мамонтов, Бараний) и береговые (Хадахан) овраги характеризуются положительной динамикой как в площадном, так и в объемном приросте (12–20 м2 и 1.3–35.0 м3 соответственно). На участке Хадахан объемный прирост новых и наблюдаемых ранее суффозионно-просадочных воронок составил 0.45 м3.Полученные площадные и объемные скорости развития процессов могут служить основой для их современной оценки и прогноза развития с целью предотвращения и снижения социально-экономических рисков

Transition from Fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated Outflow in Three-Episode GRB 160625B

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux-dominated at the central engine and likely in the emission region as well. There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component suggesting a likely hybrid jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being $\sim$ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L$_{\rm p, iso}\sim 4\times 10^{53}$ erg/s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.Comment: Revised version reflecting the referees' comments. 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. The final edited version will appear in Nature Astronom

Возможности применения отечественных бронходилататоров у больных бронхиальной астмой

Summary. The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of Iprafen (Ipratropium bromide + fenoterol) and Ipraspir (Ipratropium bromide). Iprafen was used to relieve symptoms of acute bronchial obstruction (wheezing) in comparison with Berodual H in patients with mild–to–moderate persist–ent partially controlled asthma. Ipraspir was used as an adjuvant bronchodilator to relieve cough in comparison with Atrovent H in patients with cough and mild persistent partially controlled asthma. Each group allocated for treatment with Iprafen, Berodual H, Ipraspir or Atrovent H involved 30 asthma patients. In all patients, asthma course was stable during the total study period.There were no difference in reduction of cough attacks between patients treated with Berodual H and Iprafen. Additional administration of Atrovent or Ipraspir resulted in nonsignificant reduction in cough frequency and intensity. In both Ipraspir and Atrovent H groups, the need in short–acting β2–agonists was decreased. Functional parameters did not differed significantly between Iprafen and Berodual H, Ipraspir and Atrovent H groups. Safety of Iprafen and Ipraspir was similar as of Berodual H and Atrovent H, respectively. Therefore, the study showed equal therapeutic efficacy and safety of the drugs

Transition from fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated outflow in the three-episode GRB 160625B

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray burst (GRB) physics . Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis , suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the Band function , consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux dominated at the central engine and probably in the emission region as well . There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component , suggesting a probable hybrid jet composition . Here, we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-ray and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each sub-burst being approximately 0.8 s, 35 s and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L ≈ 4 × 10 erg s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.B.-B.Z. thanks Y.-Z. Fan, Y.-Z. Wang, H. Wang, K. D. Alexander and D. Lazzati for helpful discussions. We are grateful to K. Hurley, I. Mitrofanov, A. Sanin, M. Litvak and W. Boynton for the use of Mars Odyssey data in the triangulation. We acknowledge the use of the public data from the Swift and Fermi data archives. B.-B. Z. and A.J. C.-T. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry Projects AYA2012-39727-C03-01 and AYA2015-71718-R. Part of this work made use of B.-B.Z.'s personal Interactive Data Language (IDL) code library ZBBIDL and personal Python library ZBBPY. The computation resources used in this work are owned by Scientist Support LLC. B.Z. acknowledges NASA NNX14AF85G and NNX15AK85G for support. Z. G. D. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) (grant 11573014). Y.-D. H. acknowledges support by China Scholarships Council (grant 201406660015). Mini-MegaTORTORA belongs to Kazan Federal University, and the work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. A. P., E.M., P. M. and A.V. are grateful to the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 17-02-01388) for partial support. A. P. and S.B.P. acknowledge joint BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) grant RFBR 17-52-80139 and 388-ProFChEAP for partial support. R. I. is grateful to grant RUSTAVELI FR/379/6300/ 14 for partial support. Observations on Mini-MegaTORTORA are supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-50-00043). A.V.F. and A. M. thank the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-50-00043). L.M. and A.F.Z. acknowledge support from INTA-CEDEA ESAt personnel hosting the Pi of the Sky facility at the BOOTES-1 station. H. G. and X.-Y.W. acknowledge NSFC (grants 11603003 and 11625312, respectively). Z. G. D., X.-F. W., B.Z., X.-Y. W.,L.S. and F.-W.Z. are also supported by the 973 program (grant 2014CB845800). F.-W.Z. is also supported in part by the NSFC (grants U1331101 and 11163003), the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (grant 2013GXNSFAA019002) and the project of outstanding young teachers' training in higher education institutions of Guangxi. L.S. acknowledges support by the NSFC (grant 11103083) and the Joint NSFC-ISF Research Program (grant 11361140349). S.O. acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust. S.J. acknowledges support from Korea Basic Science Research Program through NRF-2014R1A6A3A03057484 and NRF-2015R1D1A4A01020961, and I. H. P. through NRF-2015R1A2A1A01006870 and NRF-2015R1A2A1A15055344. R. A., D. F. and D. S. acknowledge support from RSF (grant 17-12-01378). A. K. acknowledges the Science and Education Ministry of Kazakhstan (grant 0075/GF4).Peer reviewe

Transition from fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated outflow in three-episode GRB 160625B [submitted version]

The ejecta composition of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is an open question in GRB physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Some others show an essentially feature-less non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, which can be interpreted as synchrotron radiation in an optically thin region, suggesting a Poynting-flux-dominated jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three dramatically different isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being ∼ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. The high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity Lp,iso∼4×1053 erg/s) of this GRB allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to the main burst and extended emission. Interestingly, the spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, which allow us for the first time to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation in a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet

The 999th Swift gamma-ray burst: Some like it thermal: A multiwavelength study of GRB 151027A

We present a multiwavelength study of GRB 151027A. This is the 999th GRB detected by the Swift satellite and it has a densely sampled emission in the X-ray and optical band and has been observed and detected in the radio up to 140 days after the prompt. The multiwavelength light curve from 500 s to 140 days can be modelled through a standard forward shock afterglow but requires an additional component to reproduce the early X-ray and optical emission. We present TNG and LBT optical observations performed 19.6, 33.9 and 92.3 days after the trigger which show a bump with respect to a standard afterglow flux decay and are possibly interpreted as due to the underlying SN and host galaxy (of 0.4 uJy in the R band). Radio observations, performed with SRT, Medicina, EVN and VLBA between day 4 and 140, suggest that the burst exploded in an environment characterised by a density profile scaling with the distance from the source (wind profile). A remarkable feature of the prompt emission is the presence of a bright flare 100 s after the trigger, lasting 70 seconds in the soft X-ray band, which was simultaneously detected from the optical band up to the MeV energy range. By combining Swift-BAT/XRT and Fermi-GBM data, the broadband (0.3-1000 keV) time resolved spectral analysis of the flare reveals the coexistence of a non-thermal (power law) and thermal blackbody components. The BB component contributes up to 35% of the luminosity in the 0.3-1000 keV band. The gamma-ray emission observed in Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM anticipates and lasts less than the soft X-ray emission as observed by Swift-XRT, arguing against a Comptonization origin. The BB component could either be produced by an outflow becoming transparent or by the collision of a fast shell with a slow, heavy and optically thick fireball ejected during the quiescent time interval between the initial and later flares of the burst

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

DEVELOPMENT OF OLEOGELS WITH A REDUCED CONTENT OF SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

The issue of obtaining fat compositions with a reduced content of saturated and trans fats by the method of oleogelation has been studied. The relevance of complex research on the development of oleogels is substantiated. It has been established that oleogels in the near future can become substitutes for fats obtained by partial hydrogenation, interesterification or fractionation. Proposed fats to create a dispersed medium (fat base) oleogel, namely sunflower and palm oil, chicken fat. The expediency of using these fats is emphasized. The physicochemical parameters of sunflower and palm oils, chicken fat were experimentally determined, in particular, by the method of differential scanning calorimetry, the process of melting and crystallization of selected fats was analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the study of the melting and crystallization curves of these fats. The content of solid triacylglycerides (STG) in fats was experimentally established depending on temperature. It has been shown that the content of STG in palm oil is higher than in chicken fat (7.87 versus 3.27%), therefore it is proposed to use palm oil and chicken fat together with liquid oils, such as sunflower, to obtain oleogel fatty bases with melting temperature in the range of +34-+38 ºC. A mathematical model has been developed for the dependence of the melting point on the proportion of ingredients in the oleogel dispersed medium. A formulation of a dispersed medium with a melting point of +34.05 °C was obtained, in which the content of ingredients (%, wt.) is: sunflower oil 15; palm oil 60; chicken fat 25. The effect of the content of the dispersed phase - vegetable wax - in the range from 1 to 5% on the melting temperature of the simulated oleogel disperse medium was studied. The results showed that the rational content of vegetable wax in the simulated oleogel is 1.5%. The use of the oleogelation method can help provide the fat composition not only with the required technological properties, but also by reducing the amount of saturated and trans fats - a positive fatty acid profile, and as a result, make the final food product more beneficial to human health. The resulting oleogel composition will be effective for use in flour and confectionery technologies instead of fats containing saturated and/or trans fats