Substrate-borne vibrations disrupt the mating behaviors of the neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros: implications for pest management.

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Advances in the treatment of prolactinomas

Prolactinomas account for approximately 40% of all pituitary adenomas and are an important cause of hypogonadism and infertility. The ultimate goal of therapy for prolactinomas is restoration or achievement of eugonadism through the normalization of hyperprolactinemia and control of tumor mass. Medical therapy with dopamine agonists is highly effective in the majority of cases and represents the mainstay of therapy. Recent data indicating successful withdrawal of these agents in a subset of patients challenge the previously held concept that medical therapy is a lifelong requirement. Complicated situations, such as those encountered in resistance to dopamine agonists, pregnancy, and giant or malignant prolactinomas, may require multimodal therapy involving surgery, radiotherapy, or both. Progress in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of prolactinomas may enable future development of novel molecular therapies for treatment-resistant cases. This review provides a critical analysis of the efficacy and safety of the various modes of therapy available for the treatment of patients with prolactinomas with an emphasis on challenging situations, a discussion of the data regarding withdrawal of medical therapy, and a foreshadowing of novel approaches to therapy that may become available in the future

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Abnormal circadian rhythm and increased non-pulsatile secretion of thyrotrophin in Sheehan's syndrome

OBJECTIVE It has previously been shown that patients with postpartum pituitary necrosis (Sheehan's syndrome, SS) have paradoxically increased TSH levels and loss of the nocturnal TSH surge. This study sought to determine the circadian and pulsatile characteristics of TSH secretion underlying those abnormalities.DESIGN and PATIENTS Chronobiological and cluster analyses of 24-h TSH profiles were performed in nine SS patients (43-61 years, median = 52 years) and nine healthy female controls (33-47 years, median= 42 years).MEASUREMENTS Serum concentrations of T3, T4, free T4 (fT4) and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay; TSH, GH, PRL and LH were determined by immunometric assays.RESULTS All patients and controls showed significant circadian TSH rhythms, but the percentage amplitude was decreased (7.5% vs. 21.3%, P < 0.0001) and the acrophase was markedly displaced in SS patients, occurring between 0315 h and 1515 h in seven/nine patients and in two/nine controls (P = 0.057). Patients showed increased total 24-h TSH secretion (6054 +/- 2293 vs. 2193 +/- 340 mU/l/min, mean +/- SE, P = 0.04) due to increased non-pulsatile or tonic 24-h TSH secretion (5631 +/- 2105 vs. 1925 +/- 301 mU/l/min, P = 0.026), but no difference was detected in pulsatile secretion (424 +/- 191 vs, 268 +/- 41, P = 0.82). the contribution of non-pulsatile to total TSH secretion was also increased in SS patients (93.8% vs. 87.6%, P=0.002). No significant changes were found in TSH pulse frequency, amplitude, duration or interpeak interval. When cluster parameters were individually analysed in two distinctive 12-h periods corresponding to acrophase and nadir, patients showed increased non-pulsatile TSH secretion in both periods, but no differences were found in pulsatile TSH secretion, pulse frequency or amplitude. the increment of TSH secretion during the acrophase in SS patients was exclusively due to increased non-pulsatile TSH secretion, as opposed to controls who displayed significant increments in both non-pulsatile and pulsatile TSH secretions,CONCLUSIONS Sheehan's syndrome patients have increased total TSH secretion due to increased tonic TSH secretion. A circadian TSH rhythm is still present in these patients, but shows decreased magnitude and markedly displaced acrophase.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Endocrinol, UNIFESP, BR-04039020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Endocrinol, UNIFESP, BR-04039020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc