Mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil : analysis of death’s civil registry from 2020 January to 2021 February

Objetivo: analisar a evolução da mortalidade por COVID-19 no período de janeiro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021 no Brasil. Métodos. Dados sobre todos os óbitos foram obtidos do Portal da Transparência, alimentado continuamente pelos cartórios civis do país. Foi considerado óbito por COVID-19 quando havia citação de COVID-19, coronavírus ou novo coronavírus como causa de óbito. As taxas de mortalidade por COVID-19 foram padronizadas por sexo e faixa etária, conforme estimativa populacional para 2020. Mortalidade por COVID-19 proporcional foi calculada por faixa etária e região, conforme o sexo. Mortalidade geral proporcional foi calculada por local de falecimento e região, conforme causa do óbito. Resultados. Dos 1.596.130 óbitos registrados, 16% tiveram COVID-19 como causa básica, a taxa de mortalidade no Brasil foi de 119,9 por 100 mil habitantes, chegando a 410,5 em Roraima para o sexo masculino. Altas taxas foram encontradas principalmente na região Norte e as menores na região Nordeste. A maior proporção foi entre 70 e 79 anos de idade. A morte por COVID-19 em domicílio atingiu 3,8% dos óbitos na região Norte e 3,4% no Nordeste. Conclusões. O uso de dados do registro civil é de grande importância para o monitoramento atualizado da mortalidade por COVID-19, demonstrando que o país enfrenta, em 2021, aumento de óbitos e agravamento da pandemia.Objective: to analyze the evolution of mortality due to COVID-19 in the period from January 2020 to February 2021 in Brazil. Methods. Data on all deaths were obtained from the transparency portal, continuously fed by the country's civil registry offices. It was considered death by COVID-19 when there were citations of COVID-19, coronavirus or new coronavirus in the cause of death. Mortality rates for COVID-19 were standardized by sex and age group, according to a population estimate for 2020. Proportional COVID-19 mortality was calculated by age group and region, according to sex. General proportional mortality was calculated by place of death and region, according to the cause of death. Results. Of the 1,596,130 deaths recorded, 16% had COVID-19 as a basic cause, the mortality rate in Brazil was 119.9 per 100 thousand inhabitants, reaching 410.5 in Roraima for men. High rates were found mainly in the North and lowest in the Northeast. The highest proportion was between 70 and 79 years of age. Death by COVID-19 at home reached 3.8% of deaths in the North and 3.4% in the Northeast. Conclusions. The use of civil registry data is of great importance for a timely monitoring of COVID-19 mortality, thus showing the country faces, in 2021, an increase in deaths, worsening the pandemic

Trends in COVID-19 case-fatality rates in Brazilian public hospitals : a longitudinal cohort of 398,063 hospital admissions from 1st March to 3rd October 2020

Almost 200,000 deaths from COVID-19 were reported in Brazil in 2020. The case fatality rate of a new infectious disease can vary by different risk factors and over time. We analysed the trends and associated factors of COVID-19 case fatality rates in Brazilian public hospital admissions during the first wave of the pandemic

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Educação e práticas de saúde na Amazônia : tecendo redes de cuidado

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Estudo da cárie dental em Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas-Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T17:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Dissertacao_ID_199.pdf: 1068419 bytes, checksum: 4188b79c02ab775169543e17073d8462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 20080128Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil.O conhecimento da prevalência da cárie dental em municípios na região norte é pouco relatado na literatura científica. O presente estudo visou investigar a prevalência e gravidade da cárie, a necessidade de tratamento da população de crianças de 12 anos e dos adolescentes entre 15-19 anos e analisar os aspectos de acesso ao serviço odontológico em Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas no ano de 2007, segundo o gênero e o tipo de localidade (rural e urbano). O estudo foi transversal de natureza descritiva e exploratória com a coleta de dados primários da doença, cujo desenho teve como base o levantamento epidemiológico nacional SB Brasil-2003. Um único examinador (kappa = 97,5%) examinou 515 indivíduos nas residências e escolas na zona rural e urbana do município. O índice CPOD geral encontrado foi 3,73 (+0,17) e 6,23 (+0,31) para as populações de 12 e 15 a 19 anos, respectivamente. Aos 12 anos de idade, o maior CPOD (3,85 + 0,25) encontrado foi para o sexo feminino e que moravam na zona urbana (CPOD= 3,90 +0,29). Na faixa etária de 15-19 anos, o maior CPOD (5,97 + 0,38) encontrado foi para o sexo feminino e que moravam na zona rural (CPOD= 6,69 +0,20). O componente cariado mostrou ser o responsável pela severidade da doença em ambos os sexos e localidade nas duas populações, logo o tratamento restaurador representou a maior necessidade de tratamento nas faixas etárias estudadas. Aos 15-19 anos de idade, 9,39% dos adolescentes nunca foram ao dentista e dos que foram, a maioria procuraram o serviço público (76,80%). O presente estudo apresenta informações epidemiológicas inéditas para o município, oferecendo subsídios para o planejamento estratégico e normativo das ações de saúde bucal no sistema local de saúde.There are few reports in the scientific literature providing knowledge of the prevalence of dental caries in municipalities within the northern region. The present study had the aim of investigating the prevalence and severity of caries and treatment needs among the population of 12-year-old children and adolescents aged 15-19 years, and of analyzing the access characteristics of the dental services in Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas, in the year 2007, according to gender and type of locality (rural or urban). This was a cross-sectional study of descriptive and exploratory nature with collection of primary data on the disease. The design was based on the national SB-Brazil epidemiological survey in 2003. A single examiner (kappa = 97.5%) examined 515 individuals in homes and schools in the rural and urban zones of the municipality. The general DMFT indices found were 3.73 (± 0.17) and 6.23 (± 0.31) for the 12 and 15-19-year-old populations, respectively. For the 12-year-olds, higher DMFT was found for females (3.85 ± 0.25) and for individuals living in the urban zone (3.90 ± 0.29). Among the 15-19-year-olds, higher DMFT was found for females (5.97 ± 0.38) and for individuals living in the rural zone (6.69 ± 0.20). The decay component was the principal agent responsible for the severity of the disease among both sexes and both localities in the two populations. Therefore, restorative treatment was the greatest treatment need among the age groups studied. At the ages of 15-19 years, 9.39% of the adolescents had never been to a dentist and, of those who went, 76.80% sought the public service. The present study presents new epidemiological information for the municipality and offers support for strategic and normative planning for oral health actions within the local healthcare system

Social inequalities and child mortality in urban areas in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Rodrigo Tobias de Sousa ILMD - Professor da Fiocruz Amazonas - ILMDMade available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:00:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) Lima,Rodrigo T S 2014.pdf: 2581142 bytes, checksum: 71219b66f4874b070189a14057e695e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.A mortalidade na infância, ou seja, em menores de cinco anos, é um indicador de saúde com alta sensibilidade para detectar melhorias sociais e de saúde em contexto urbano em transformação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as desigualdades sociais e sua relação com o risco de morte em criança menores de cinco anos, enquanto marcadora das iniquidades em saúde, no contexto intraurbano de anaus nos anos de 2000 e 2010. Tratou-se de um estudo ecológico de natureza descritiva e analítica com abordagem quantitativa que utilizou dados secundários sobre mortalidade na infância e variáveis oriundas do censo brasileiro para a capital amazonense. Foi construído o Índice de Condição de Vida (ICV), hierarquizado em cinco estratos que representaram segmentos melhores e piores de condição de vida na cidade. Foram calculadas taxas de mortalidade na infância (TMM5) brutas e bayesianas e riscos relativos (RR) e absolutos (RA). Foram calculados indicadores de desigualdade social, como a distância entre os percentis 10-90 e 25 e 75 da distribuição do ICV, bem como a razão de renda entre os 20% mais ricos e 20% mais pobres. Também foram calculados os indicadores de desigualdade em saúde, tais como o Slope Index of Inequality e o Relative Index of Inequality. Os resultados demonstraram redução da distância entre os percentis. Observou-se que uma redução da razão 20/20 e um ganho real na renda média dos chefes de família da camada mais pobre de 13%, enquanto que os 20% mais ricos não apresentaram ganho real neste espaço de tempo. Observou-se ainda uma redução dos indicadores absoluto (SII) e relativo (RII) de desigualdade em saúde, medida pelo TMM5 nos anos estudados. Concluiu-se que houve melhoria das condições de vida e constatou-se que a redução da mortalidade na infância ocorreu de maneira mais acelerada que a redução das desigualdades sociais em Manaus.Childhood mortality is a health indicator with high sensitivity to detect social and health improvements in the ‘urban transformation context’. Childhood mortality is the health indicator that detects the “transformation context” changes, especially in urban context of a large city in the Amazon. The main of this study was to analyze social inequalities related to under five children risk of death in urban areas in Manaus, Brazil at two different times. It consist an ecological study, using infant mortality data and census variables for the city of Manaus, Amazonas in 2000 and 2010. The Living Conditions Index (LCI) was constructed in five hierarchical segments representing best and worst living conditions. Childhood mortality rates (U5MR) and Bayesian rates, as well as relative risks (RR) and absolute (RA) were calculated. Social inequality indicators were calculated as the distance between 10th and 90th percentiles, as well as, the 25th and 75th percentiles of the ICV distribution, as well as the income ratio between the 20% richest and 20% poorest . Also the health inequality indicators were calculated, such as the Slope Index of Inequality and the Relative Index of Inequality. The results have showed reduction of the between percentiles distance and have observed that a reduction in 20/20 ratio and a gain of the poorest household heads was 13%, while the 20% richest had had no real gain at time. There was also a reduction in absolute (SII) and relative (RII) of health inequality indicators, measured by the U5MR. We have concluded that there was an improvement in living conditions and the U5MR reduction has occurred more rapidly that the reduction of social inequalities in Manaus

Educação e práticas de saúde na Amazônia : tecendo redes de cuidado

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