PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS EM DIABETES MELLITUS: revisão integrativa da literatura

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o objetivo de identificar a produção científica multiprofissional sobre as práticas educativas para indivíduos com diabetes, disponíveis nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino- Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature end Retrieval System Online (Medline), Índice Biblio- gráfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (Ibecs) e a Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), no período de 1999 a 2009. Os resultados mostram que as práticas educativas são desenvolvidas, principalmente, para adultos e idosos de até 80 anos, e envolvem temáticas que refletem o cotidiano do viver com diabetes. Estas práticas são difundidas, principalmente através de grupos, trazendo benefícios, não só para o indivíduo com diabetes, mas também para o profissional de saúde. Visualiza-se o processo de mudança do paradigma da educação tradicional, para uma educa- ção problematizadora e dialógica, com vistas à promoção da saúde

Problematização de temáticas de promoção da saúde do idoso a partir de uma vivência dramatúrgica

This article presents a teaching-learning experience about elderly people's health promotion in the family context, using problematization as the educational approach and employing the collective construction, discussion and presentation of a theatrical text. This experience involved the participation of researchers, technicians and students from the Elderly Healthcare Nucleus of the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil, as well as managers, technicians and users of the Elderly Centers supported by the municipal government of Recife. The experience was evaluated as capable of providing content integration, articulating knowledge from different health subjects and professions, besides allowing the dialogue between the concepts brought by the social actors involved, using both verbal and body language. It was considered that a theoretical construction shared by the educational system and by the public service provider was achieved through the combination between the accumulated knowledge and the observations that resulted from the relationship between them.Este artigo apresenta o relato de uma experiência de ensino-aprendizagem tendo como temática a promoção da saúde do idoso no contexto familiar, utilizando uma abordagem pedagógico-construtivista, seguindo-se uma linha problematizadora, optando-se por uma estratégia pautada na construção coletiva de um texto dramatúrgico, na sua encenação e discussão. Participaram da experiência docentes pesquisadores, técnicos e alunos de graduação estagiários do Núcleo de Atenção ao Idoso da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, além de dirigentes, técnicos e usuários dos Centros de Convivência de Idosos mantidos pela Prefeitura de Recife. Avaliou-se a experiência como capaz de integrar os conteúdos em questão, articulando os saberes de diferentes disciplinas e profissões da saúde, além de permitir o diálogo não apenas utilizando a expressão verbal, mas também corporal das concepções trazidas pelos diversos atores envolvidos. Considera-se que uma construção teórica partilhada pelo aparelho formador e pelo aparelho utilizador de profissionais de saúde foi obtida mediante a conjugação do conhecimento acumulado sobre os conteúdos e das observações resultantes do relacionamento entre aquelas instâncias

Avaliação de risco cardiometabólico e fatores associados em pessoas idosas diabéticas

To evaluate cardiometabolic risk based on visceral fat indices and associated factors in elderly people with diabetes. Cross-sectional study with an analytical approach, carried out in primary health care. Cardiometabolic risk was estimated from two visceral adiposity indices, the product of lipid accumulation and the visceral adiposity index. Associations were made between cardiometabolic risk and sociodemographic, laboratory and lifestyle variables using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and multivariate analysis using the Poisson model adjusted with robust variance. 202 elderly people with diabetes were evaluated, with a mean age of 67.9 ± 6.7 years. Visceral adiposity indices were related to variables compatible with cardiometabolic risk. Female sex, changes in fasting blood glucose, neck circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and total cholesterol were associated with the visceral adiposity index. While in the lipid accumulation product, the association occurred with an increase in the percentage of fat assessed by body mass index, neck circumference, changes in total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and a reduction in HDL. Access to studies was the only sociodemographic variable that was related to the product of lipid accumulation in this population. The lack of association between the studied indices and clinical variables, inflammatory parameters or blood pressure levels suggests that their use as a method of assessing and monitoring cardiometabolic risk should be carried out with caution.Avaliar o risco cardiometabólico a partir dos índices de adiposidade visceral e fatores associados em idosos diabéticos. Estudo transversal com abordagem analítica, realizado na atenção primária de saúde do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. O risco cardiometabólico foi estimado a partir de dois índices de adiposidade visceral, o produto de acumulação lipídica e o índice de adiposidade visceral. Foram realizadas associações entre o risco cardiometabólico e variáveis sociodemográficas, laboratoriais e de estilo de vida por meio do Teste Qui-quadrado de Independência de Pearson ou Teste Exato de Fisher e análise multivariada pelo modelo de Poisson ajustado com variância robusta. Foram avaliados 202 idosos diabéticos com média de idade de 67,9 ± 6,7 anos. Os índices de adiposidade visceral apresentaram relação com variáveis compatíveis ao risco cardiometabólico. Sexo feminino, alterações na glicemia de jejum, circunferência do pescoço, relação cintura-quadril e colesterol total estiveram associadas ao índice de adiposidade visceral. Enquanto no produto de acumulação lipídica, a associação ocorreu com aumento do percentual de gordura avaliado por índice de massa corporal, circunferência do pescoço, alterações no colesterol total, glicemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada e com a redução do HDL. O acesso aos estudos foi a única variável sociodemográfica que esteve relacionada ao produto de acumulação lipídica neste público. A ausência de associação dos índices estudados com variáveis clínicas, parâmetros inflamatórios ou com níveis pressóricos, sugere que seu uso como método de avaliação e acompanhamento do risco cardiometabólico seja realizado com cautela

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Idosos longevos: avaliação da qualidade de vida no domínio da espiritualidade, da religiosidade e de crenças pessoais

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida no domínio da espiritualidade, da religiosidade, de crenças pessoais e fatores associados em idosos longevos. Para isso, foi utilizado o questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life - Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs, através de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com a participação de 100 idosos. Verificou-se que provavelmente a qualidade de vida esteja relacionada com a autoestima e com o bem-estar pessoal/espiritual. Neste âmbito, profissionais de saúde precisam estar engajados e incorporar este conhecimento, principalmente aqueles atrelados aos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde

Frailty syndrome in institutionalized elderly: prevalence and associated factors

To investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with frailty syndrome in institutionalized elderly, residents in the city of Recife/PE, a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was performed in nine public or philanthropic Homes for the Aged, between January and May 2013. We included 214 seniors, assuming as independent variables, the sociodemographic and health conditions, self-reported or obtained from elderly records, and the degree of elderly fragility, as dependent variable, assessed by Edmonton Fragility Scale. The mean age equaled to 76.42 ± 0.66 years (95%CI 75.12 – 77.71). We found a predominance of females (69.6%), unmarried (53.7%), with study time ranging from one to four years (54.4%). More frequently they referred perception of income (86.4%) up to one minimum salary (73.4%) and the residence time was less than a year to 29.4% of elderly. Regarding cognition, 79.4% of respondents were disapproved by significant errors. The frailty syndrome was identified in 70.1% of the elderly. All factors included in elderly frailty scale reached statistical significance, associated with increased frailty prevalence, as well as education, with a prevalence equal to 3.0 (95%CI 1.3 – 6.6) for its absence, and 2.5 (95%CI 1.2 – 5.3), for a four-year study. The absence of personal income increased at twice the prevalence (95%CI 1.0 – 4.0). In multivariate analysis, the factors that most contributed to the prevalence were impaired cognition, functional independence, self-evaluation of health, frequency of social support, perceived weight loss and feeling of sadness/depression.</p

Functional capacity in the oldest old: cross-sectional analysis based on a decision model

INTRODUCTION: The oldest old adults, aged 80 years and above, is the fastest growing age group in the world. In this section of the population, functional disability (FD) is more prevalent compared to other age groups. OBJECTIVE: To characterize functional capacity and analyze potential associations in the oldest old from a Brazilian capital city, based on a decision model. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 100 non-institutionalized oldest old participants assisted at the Family Health Strategy of Recife, in the Brazilian northeastern state of Pernambuco, selected by probabilistic sample. Sociodemographic, economic, and clinical data were collected by means of home interviews, anthropometric measurements, and medical records. For bivariate analysis, Pearson’s chi-square test was used, establishing significance at p &lt; 0.05. For the multivariate analysis, a decision tree was built from the Exhaustive CHAID algorithm. RESULTS: The prevalence of FD in the sample corresponded to 67.0%. In the bivariate analysis, the following data contributed to this outcome: income (p = 0.032), social security status (p &lt; 0.01), nutritional status (p = 0.010), neurological diseases (p &lt; 0.01), neoplasms (p &lt; 0.01), self-perceived health (p = 0.025) and social support network (p = 0.032), remaining in the multivariate analysis: income (p = 0.003), social support network (p = 0.032), and nutritional status (p = 0.040). The decision tree allowed the identification of the variables most strongly associated with the outcome, being able to adequately predict moderate dependence, with 72.1% assertiveness. CONCLUSION: The decision model proved to be a timely tool in deducing the most relevant determinants of FD. Its use potentially contributes to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis and to identify populations at risk. </p