Incidence and prevalence of dementia in linked administrative health data in Saskatchewan, Canada: a retrospective cohort study.

Determining the epidemiology of dementia among the population as a whole in specific jurisdictions - including the long-term care population-is essential to providing appropriate care. The objectives of this study were to use linked administrative databases in the province of Saskatchewan to determine the 12-month incidence and prevalence of dementia for the 2012/13 period (1) among individuals aged 45 and older in the province of Saskatchewan, (2) according to age group and sex, and (3) according to diagnosis code and other case definition criteria

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways

La restitution de l'information chez des enfants handi­capés mentaux d'étiologies exogènes.

The capacity to vehiculate adequate information in a referential communication situation is analysed in an experiment comparing the performances of mentally retarded children from exogeneous etiology and normal children matched for mental age. Performances of retarded children are significantly different from those of normal children. As receptors, retarded children need more information in order to understand the message. As locutors, retarded children give less correct informations and tend to rely more on the gestual channel to vehiculate the informations. The results are discussed in terms of a deficit hypothesis in retarded children in the nature of the cognitive mechanisms involved in the comprehension and the restitution of a referential communication.Les capacités de transmission de l'information sont analysées chez deux groupes d'enfants, l'un composé de sujets handicapés mentaux d'étiologies exogènes et l'autre de sujets normaux, appariés pour l'âge mental. Les performances des enfants handicapés mentaux sont significativement inférieures à celles des enfants normaux. En tant que récepteurs, les premiers ont besoin d'un plus grand nombre d'informations pour comprendre la tâche proposée. En tant que locuteurs, les enfants handicapés transmettent moins d'informations correctes et font plus appel au canal gestuel comme support des messages. Les résultats sont discutés dans l'optique d'une hypothèse déficitaire au niveau des mécanismes cognitifs impliqués dans la compréhension et la restitution d'un message.Gremaud Germaine, Lambert Jean-Luc. La restitution de l'information chez des enfants handi­capés mentaux d'étiologies exogènes.. In: Enfance, tome 39, n°2-3, 1986. Langage, lecture, écriture. pp. 323-330

L'effet de facteurs anatomiques sur la sévérité du déficit neurologique après rupture de malformation artérioveineuse cérébrale

Les malformations artérioveineuses cérébrales (MAVc) constituent un trouble du développement neurovasculaire. Elles sont diagnostiquées généralement chez l adulte jeune suite à une crise d épilepsie, des céphalées, ou une hémorragie intracrânienne. Plusieurs études récentes suggèrent que l évolution neurologique après rupture de MAVc est plutôt favorable, mais les facteurs prédictifs de la sévérité du déficit neurologique sont encore mal connus. Une cohorte prospective de 199 patients porteurs de MAVc diagnostiqués et/ou traités à l hôpital Lariboisière entre 2004 et 2008 a été incluse. Les malformations ont été caractérisées par IRM et artériographie cérébrale. Les patients ont été évalués neurologiquement par le score de Rankin et l échelle NIHSS. Des modèles statistiques univariés et multivariés ont été utilisés afin de tester l effet de variables démographiques (âge, sexe) et anatomiques (taille et topographie de MAVc, artères nourricières, type de drainage veineux, topographie du saignement) sur le déficit neurologique à la présentation hémorragique initiale. N=79 cas (40%) présentaient une hémorragie intracrânienne, dont n=53 avec un saignement intraparenchymateux, n=16 hémorragies sousarachnoïdiennes, et n=28 hémorragies intraventriculaires (n=18 avaient saignée dans plusieurs compartiments). Les déficits neurologiques étaient significativement moins importants chez des patients avec une hémorragie ventriculaire (Rankin moyen : 2) par rapport à ceux sans inondation ventriculaire (Rankin moyen : 4, p=0.001). En cas de rupture de MAVc, une extension ventriculaire de l hémorragie semble être associé avec un déficit moindre à la phase aiguë de l hémorragie intracrânienne.PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of isolated compounds from Prosopis africana leaves

Yanda L, Tatsimo SJN, Tamokou J-D-D, et al. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of isolated compounds from Prosopis africana leaves. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry . 2022;2022: 4205823.Prosopis africana (G. &Perr.) Taub (Mimosaceae) is a large tree native to dry tropical Africa and characteristic of dry leguminous forests. Different parts of this plant are used to treat wounds, skin infection, and to fight against cancer. Literature review indicated various pharmacological properties. Despite these medicinal properties, the chemical composition studies remain limited. This study aims to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from P. africana leaves and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Air-dried powdered leaves of P. africana were macerated in methanol at room temperature and partitioned with ethyl acetate. The EtOAc extract was subjected successively to flash and column chromatographies in order to isolate compounds. The structure of the isolates was determined with help of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and comparison with literature data. The antibacterial activities were evaluated via determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antioxidant activities were evaluated via gallic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (GEAC) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract led to the isolation of seven compounds: (2E, 6E) farnesylamine (1), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (2), bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (3), lupeol (4), SS-sitosterol (5), stigmasterol glycoside (6), and a mixture of bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (3) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (7) in ratio 1:2. Compound 1 is described here for the first time as a natural product with complete 1H and 13C assignments. Compounds 3 and 7 were identified as artefacts from dichloromethane. Sesquiterpene amine (1) is reported in Prosopis genus for the first time. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of isolated compounds were investigated. Among the tested samples, the EtOAc extract and compound 2 exhibited the highest antioxidant (EC50=5.67-77.56mug/mL; GEAC=36.58-89.28mug/mL) and antibacterial (MIC=8-64mug/mL) activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The EtOAc extract and compound 2 from P. africana exhibited antibacterial activity through bacteriolytic effects and reduction of the antioxidant defenses in the bacterial cells. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds was discussed. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract and compound 2 can justify the traditional uses of P. africana leaves for the treatment of diseases related to bacterial infections. The presence of compounds 1, 2, and 4 in this plant should also be considered as valuable chemotaxonomic features. Copyright © 2022 Lambert Yanda et al

Prosojuliflavone and other constituents from Prosopis juliflora Swartz D.C (Fabaceae) and their chemotaxonomic importance

Yanda L, Tatsimo SJN, Tamokou J-D-D, et al. Prosojuliflavone and other constituents from Prosopis juliflora Swartz D.C (Fabaceae) and their chemotaxonomic importance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 2022;105: 104508.The chemical investigation of ethyl acetate extracts of the roots and stem bark of Prosopis juliflora Swartz D.C (Fabaceae) led to the isolation of a new flavonoid, prosojuliflavone (1) and a new natural indole alkaloid dimer, N,N-Bis(2-(1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl) oxalamide (2) along with eight known compounds including three flavonoids, vitexin (3), a mixture of vitexin (3) and isovitexin (4), 4ʹ-O-methyl-ent-gallocathechin (5), two indole alkaloids, N-acetyltryptamine (6), tryptamine (7), a disaccharide, sucrose (8), two monoglycerides, hyloglyceride (9) and 1-(26-hydroxyhexacosanoyl)-glycerol (10). Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric data, as well as by comparison with literature data. Compound 2 is described here for the first time as a natural product with complete 1H and 13C assignments. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 5 (MIC = 8–64 μg/ml) were samples with most antibacterial activities while compound 1 (EC50 = 4.31 μg/mL; GEAC = 94.66 μg/mL) displayed the largest antioxidant activity. Interestingly, the tested samples showed bactericidal effects (MBC/MIC ≤4) with respect to sensitive bacteria. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 8 and 10 were isolated for the first time from the Fabaceae family. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was also discussed. The overall results highlight the potential of P. juliflora as a sustainable source of antibacterial and antioxidant agents

Effects of high-fat diets on inflammation and antioxidant status in rats : comparison between palm olein and olive oil

International audiencePalm olein (PO) and olive oil (OO) are widely consumed in the world. PO is considered harmful to health, whereas OO is considered healthy. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of consumption of these oils on antioxidant status and inflammation in rats. This was an experimental study in male wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver and aortic blood were collected. Plasma was used for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress parameters (Superoxide dismutase -SOD; Gluthation peroxidase - GPx; Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS; Thiol groups and isoprostane). The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed in liver homogenate. No significant differences were observed between PO and OO in plasma and liver levels of the studied inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. This study showed that the consumption of PO induces an antioxidant status superimposable to that of OO