Auf der Suche nach der besten Rentenanpassungsformel

Der seit 2004 gültige und 2007 um den Nachholfaktor erweiterte Mechanismus zur jährlichen Rentenanpassung ist in die Kritik geraten: zu kompliziert und nicht nachvollziehbar. Deshalb werden in dieser Studie die Rentenanpassungsformel im Status quo und alternative Anpassungsformeln miteinander verglichen und anhand verschiedener Kriterien beurteilt. Es zeigt sich, dass die derzeit gültige Formel besser ist als ihr Ruf. Jedoch stellt eine Anpassungsformel mit Lohnanpassung ergänzt um einen Nachhaltigkeitsfaktor eine gute Alternative dar. Diese Rentenanpassungsformel ist einfach, berechenbar, sorgt für eine Beteiligung der Rentner am Produktivitätsfortschritt, impliziert ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis zwischen Beitragssatzstabilisierung und Rentenniveaustabilisierung, hält die intergenerative Ungleichbehandlung in Grenzen und sorgt dafür, dass die Rentenversicherung ein sich selbst stabilisierendes System darstellt. Dagegen sind Rentenanpassungsformeln, die sich an der Lohnsummenentwicklung oder an der Inflationsrate orientieren, weniger geeignet, weil sie die demographische Entwicklung nicht adäquat berücksichtigen.

Zehn Missverständnisse im Zusammenhang mit der Rente mit 67

Die Anhebung des gesetzlichen Renteneintrittsalters auf 67 Jahre (Rente mit 67) ist wichtiger Bestandteil eines Bündels von Reformmaßnahmen, mit dem die gesetzliche Rente trotz zunehmender Lebenserwartung, sinkender Geburtenraten und baldigem Eintreten der Baby-Boomer-Generation ins Rentenalter gesichert wird. Neben der Anhebung der Altersgrenzen gehören zu diesen Maßnahmen die graduelle Reduktion des Rentenniveaus (durch den Nachhaltigkeitsfaktor in der Rentenanpassungsformel) und der Aufbau einer kapitalgedeckten Säule (Riester-Rente). Obwohl eine Ausweitung der Erwerbsphase bei einer immer weiter zunehmenden Lebenserwartung geradezu auf der Hand liegt, ist die Rente mit 67 in der Bevölkerung höchst unbeliebt. Die mangelnde Akzeptanz der Rente mit 67 dürfte aber zu einem Großteil auch darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass es im Zusammenhang mit der Rente mit 67 einige Missverständnisse gibt und dass die Sichtweise oft etwas einseitig auf die negativen Aspekte gerichtet ist. Nachfolgend werden zehn Missverständnisse aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Dabei wird ganz bewusst versucht, zu den einzelnen Punkten auch eine positive Perspektive aufzuzeigen.

Approaches to fattening dairy calves

Innovative organic producers have developed alternative systems for fattening calves, bulls and steers from dairy farming. This technical guide presents the systems and shows what to pay attention to when fattening calves

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Measurement of the tt¯tt¯ production cross section in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of four-top-quark production using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 is presented. Events are selected if they contain a single lepton (electron or muon) or an opposite-sign lepton pair, in association with multiple jets. The events are categorised according to the number of jets and how likely these are to contain b-hadrons. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. The measured four-top-quark production cross section is found to be 26+17−15 fb, with a corresponding observed (expected) significance of 1.9 (1.0) standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis. The result is combined with the previous measurement performed by the ATLAS Collaboration in the multilepton final state. The combined four-top-quark production cross section is measured to be 24+7−6 fb, with a corresponding observed (expected) signal significance of 4.7 (2.6) standard deviations over the background-only predictions. It is consistent within 2.0 standard deviations with the Standard Model expectation of 12.0 ± 2.4 fb

Combinations of single-top-quark production cross-section measurements and vertical bar f(LV)V(tb)vertical bar determinations at root s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments

This paper presents the combinations of single-top-quark production cross-section measurements by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, using data from LHC proton-proton collisions at = 7 and 8 TeV corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.17 to 5.1 fb(-1) at = 7 TeV and 12.2 to 20.3 fb(-1) at = 8 TeV. These combinations are performed per centre-of-mass energy and for each production mode: t-channel, tW, and s-channel. The combined t-channel cross-sections are 67.5 +/- 5.7 pb and 87.7 +/- 5.8 pb at = 7 and 8 TeV respectively. The combined tW cross-sections are 16.3 +/- 4.1 pb and 23.1 +/- 3.6 pb at = 7 and 8 TeV respectively. For the s-channel cross-section, the combination yields 4.9 +/- 1.4 pb at = 8 TeV. The square of the magnitude of the CKM matrix element V-tb multiplied by a form factor f(LV) is determined for each production mode and centre-of-mass energy, using the ratio of the measured cross-section to its theoretical prediction. It is assumed that the top-quark-related CKM matrix elements obey the relation |V-td|, |V-ts| << |V-tb|. All the |f(LV)V(tb)|(2) determinations, extracted from individual ratios at = 7 and 8 TeV, are combined, resulting in |f(LV)V(tb)| = 1.02 +/- 0.04 (meas.) +/- 0.02 (theo.). All combined measurements are consistent with their corresponding Standard Model predictions.Peer reviewe

Measurement and interpretation of same-sign W boson pair production in association with two jets in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the measurement of fducial and diferential cross sections for both the inclusive and electroweak production of a same-sign W-boson pair in association with two jets (W±W±jj) using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed by selecting two same-charge leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with large invariant mass and a large rapidity diference. The measured fducial cross sections for electroweak and inclusive W±W±jj production are 2.92 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.)fb and 3.38±0.22 (stat.)±0.19 (syst.)fb, respectively, in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The measurements are used to constrain anomalous quartic gauge couplings by extracting 95% confdence level intervals on dimension-8 operators. A search for doubly charged Higgs bosons H±± that are produced in vector-boson fusion processes and decay into a same-sign W boson pair is performed. The largest deviation from the Standard Model occurs for an H±± mass near 450 GeV, with a global signifcance of 2.5 standard deviations