Pilhas e baterias portáteis: legislação, processos de reciclagem e perspectivas

Neste artigo, a composição metálica de pilhas e baterias portáteis usadas no  país é apresentada, bem como os efeitos adversos à saúde causados pelos metais constituintes. Além disso, faz-­‐se uma comparação entre as principais legislações em vigor no mundo e os processos pirometalúrgicos e hidrometalúrgicos desenvolvidos para o tratamento deste tipo de resíduo. Embora    os    processos     hidrometalúrgicos     sejam    normalmente     mais complexos  e  apresentem  um  número  maior  de  etapas  que  os pirometalúrgicos, verifica-­‐se uma tendência no desenvolvimento de rotas hidrometalúrgicas  mais novas para o tratamento  de pilhas e baterias,  pois estas  são  normalmente  mais  econômicas,  eficientes,  consomem  menos energia e apresentam alta seletividade

Novel Anti-Infective Compounds from Marine Bacteria

As a result of the continuous evolution of microbial pathogens towards antibiotic-resistance, there have been demands for the development of new and effective antimicrobial compounds. Since the 1960s, the scientific literature has accumulated many publications about novel pharmaceutical compounds produced by a diverse range of marine bacteria. Indeed, marine micro-organisms continue to be a productive and successful focus for natural products research, with many newly isolated compounds possessing potentially valuable pharmacological activities. In this regard, the marine environment will undoubtedly prove to be an increasingly important source of novel antimicrobial metabolites, and selective or targeted approaches are already enabling the recovery of a significant number of antibiotic-producing micro-organisms. The aim of this review is to consider advances made in the discovery of new secondary metabolites derived from marine bacteria, and in particular those effective against the so called “superbugs”, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), which are largely responsible for the increase in numbers of hospital acquired, i.e., nosocomial, infections

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Unusual electrical transport mechanism in the ferromagnetic state of the magnetoresistive manganites

International audienc