Multimessenger Search for Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-Energy Neutrinos: Results for Initial LIGO-Virgo and IceCube

We report the results of a multimessenger search for coincident signals from the LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave observatories and the partially completed IceCube high-energy neutrino detector, including periods of joint operation between 2007-2010. These include parts of the 2005-2007 run and the 2009-2010 run for LIGO-Virgo, and IceCube's observation periods with 22, 59 and 79 strings. We find no significant coincident events, and use the search results to derive upper limits on the rate of joint sources for a range of source emission parameters. For the optimistic assumption of gravitational-wave emission energy of $10^{-2}$\,M$_\odot$c$^2$ at $\sim 150$\,Hz with $\sim 60$\,ms duration, and high-energy neutrino emission of $10^{51}$\,erg comparable to the isotropic gamma-ray energy of gamma-ray bursts, we limit the source rate below $1.6 \times 10^{-2}$\,Mpc$^{-3}$yr$^{-1}$. We also examine how combining information from gravitational waves and neutrinos will aid discovery in the advanced gravitational-wave detector era

Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo. (Funded by Amylin Pharmaceuticals; EXSCEL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01144338 .)

Current threats faced by Neotropical parrot populations

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-01Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasAgencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y TecnológicaPsittaciformes (parrots, cockatoos) are among the most endangered birds, with 31% of Neotropical species under threat. The drivers of this situation appear to be manifold and mainly of anthropogenic origin. However, this assessment is based on the last extensive consultation about the conservation situation of parrots carried out in the 1990s. Given the rapid development of anthropogenic threats, updated data are needed to strategize conservation actions. Using a population approach, we addressed this need through a wide-ranging consultation involving biologists, wildlife managers, government agencies and non-governmental conservation organizations. We gathered up-to-date information on threats affecting 192 populations of 96 Neotropical parrot species across 21 countries. Moreover, we investigated associations among current threats and population trends. Many populations were affected by multiple threats. Agriculture, Capture for the Pet Trade, Logging, each of them affected > 55% of the populations, suggesting a higher degree of risk than previously thought. In contrast to previous studies at the species level, our study showed that the threat most closely associated with decreasing population trends is now Capture for the local Pet Trade. Other threats associated with decreasing populations include Small-holder Farming, Rural Population Pressure, Nest Destruction by Poachers, Agro-industry Grazing, Small-holder Grazing, and Capture for the international Pet Trade. Conservation actions have been implemented on < 20% of populations. Our results highlight the importance of a population-level approach in revealing the extent of threats to wild populations. It is critical to increase the scope of conservation actions to reduce the capture of wild parrots for pets.Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresJustus-Liebig-Universität Giessen Department of Animal Ecology and SystematicsTexas A&M University Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineSociedade de Pesquisa em Vida Selvagem e Educação AmbientalUniversidade Federal de SergipePrograma Lapa Verde Centro Científico TropicalFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La PlataArea de Conservación Pacífico Central ACOPAC Programa de Vida SilvestreWildlife Conservation SocietyAarhus UniversityGrupo de Ecología Conservación de Islas A.C. (GECI)University of California Department of Environment Science Policy & ManagementUniversidad Nacional Federico VillarrealUniversidade Federal de GoiásInstituto Venezolano de Investigaciones CientíficasProyecto Selva de Pino ParanáUnidos por las Guacamayas A. C.SELVA: Investigación para la conservación en el NeotrópicoInstituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaUniversity of BrasíliaUniversidade Federal da Paraíba Centro de Ciências Exatas e da NaturezaCentro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres/ICMBioUniversidade Federal do Pará Instituto de Ciências BiológicasGuyra ParaguayUniversity of Colorado Department of Integrative BiologyThe World Parrot TrustBirdsCaribbeanFundacion del RioUniversitat de BarcelonaSociedad Conservacionista Audubon de VenezuelaUniversidad de Sancti Spíritus ¨José Martí Pérez¨Estación Biológica de Doñana CSICFundación Pro-BosqueCompañeros en Vuelo PIF-SVInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataUniversity of North Texas Biological SciencesOne Earth ConservationInstituto Espaço SilvestreUniversidade do Estado do AmazonasNational Aviary Conservation and Field ResearchUniversity of Cape TownBirdlife InternationalPaso PacíficoUniversidade de Passo FundoBiola UniversityMinisterio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (MARENA)Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de HidalgoFundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAQUASISFundación Botánica y Zoológica de BarranquillaProvitaCIT Jujuy CONICET—UNJuFundación de Ciencias para el Estudio y la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (INCEBIO)UNESP Instituto de Biociências de BotucatuUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Estación Biología Chamela Instituto de BiologíaVinculación Interdisciplinaria para el Desarrollo Ambiental y lo SocialMesserli Research Institute University of Veterinary MedicineMuseo Noel Kempff MercadoGobierno Autónomo Departamental de Santa CruzUniversidad Autónoma de SinaloaMuseu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo (MZUSP)University of Freiburg Evolutionary Biology and Animal EcologyMuseu de História Natural Capão da ImbuiaFundação Neotropica do BrasilCEMAVE: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para a Conservação das Aves SilvestresCORBIDIAsociación Fauna ForeverUniversity of San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Museo de Zoología Facultad de CienciasU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery ProgramEcho Parrots and PeopleCátedra de Ecología General y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional Arturo JauretcheFundación para la Investigación y Conservación de los Loros en Bolivia (CLB)Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA CONICETLaboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoDepto. de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Simón BolívarUNESP Instituto de Biociências de BotucatuConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas: CONICET-PIP 112-201501-0598Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica: FONCyT-PICT 2015-228

Anxious-depression among Hispanic/Latinos from different backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

BACKGROUND: Anxious-depression is a constellation of symptoms, frequently encountered among patients in primary care centers. There is a need to study how anxious-depression presents among Hispanic/Latinos of different backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: To study the construct of anxious-depression among 16,064 Hispanic/Latinos of different backgrounds participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We hypothesized that Hispanic/Latinos will cluster in 3 classes: low anxiety/high depression, high anxiety/low depression and a combined anxious-depression construct. METHODS: Using latent profile analysis, symptoms of depression and anxiety measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and 10-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were evaluated to determine if an anxious-depression typology would result. A multinomial logistic regression analysis explored the association of the 3-class solution with different Hispanic/Latino backgrounds controlling for age, gender, language, education and income. RESULTS: A 3-class mixed anxious-depression structure emerged with 10% of Hispanic/Latinos in the high, 30% in the moderate and 60% in the low anxious-depression category. After adjusting for age, gender, language preference, income and education, individuals of Puerto-Rican background were more likely to experience high (OR=1.79,p<0.05) and moderate (OR=1.36,p<0.05) (vs.low) anxious-depression symptomatology compared to those of Mexican background. Individuals of Central-American and South-American background were less likely to experience high (OR=0.68,p<0.05) and moderate (OR=0.8,p<0.05) (vs.low) anxious-depression compared to those of Mexican background. CONCLUSION: Anxious-depression symptomatology varied among this sample of Hispanic/Latino groups. These classes should be investigated as to their relationship with different health outcomes relevant to the Hispanic/Latino of different backgrounds

Velocity independent constraints on spin-dependent DM-nucleon interactions from IceCube and PICO

Adopting the Standard Halo Model (SHM) of an isotropic Maxwellian velocity distribution for dark matter (DM) particles in the Galaxy, the most stringent current constraints on their spin-dependent scattering cross-section with nucleons come from the IceCube neutrino observatory and the PICO-60 C 3F 8 superheated bubble chamber experiments. The former is sensitive to high energy neutrinos from the self-annihilation of DM particles captured in the Sun, while the latter looks for nuclear recoil events from DM scattering off nucleons. Although slower DM particles are more likely to be captured by the Sun, the faster ones are more likely to be detected by PICO. Recent N-body simulations suggest significant deviations from the SHM for the smooth halo component of the DM, while observations hint at a dominant fraction of the local DM being in substructures. We use the method of Ferrer et al. (JCAP 1509: 052, 2015) to exploit the complementarity between the two approaches and derive conservative constraints on DM-nucleon scattering. Our results constrain σSD≲ 3 × 10 - 39cm 2 (6 × 10 - 38cm 2) at ≳ 90 % C.L. for a DM particle of mass 1 TeV annihilating into τ+τ- (bb¯) with a local density of ρDM=0.3GeV/cm3. The constraints scale inversely with ρDM and are independent of the DM velocity distribution

Search for High-energy Neutrinos from Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 with ANTARES, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observatories recently discovered gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral. A short gamma-ray burst (GRB) that followed the merger of this binary was also recorded by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM), and the Anticoincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), indicating particle acceleration by the source. The precise location of the event was determined by optical detections of emission following the merger. We searched for high-energy neutrinos from the merger in the GeV--EeV energy range using the ANTARES, IceCube, and Pierre Auger Observatories. No neutrinos directionally coincident with the source were detected within $\pm500$ s around the merger time. Additionally, no MeV neutrino burst signal was detected coincident with the merger. We further carried out an extended search in the direction of the source for high-energy neutrinos within the 14-day period following the merger, but found no evidence of emission. We used these results to probe dissipation mechanisms in relativistic outflows driven by the binary neutron star merger. The non-detection is consistent with model predictions of short GRBs observed at a large off-axis angle.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure