Compensatory response of cotton plants to simulated carpophagic pest injury / Resposta compensatória de plantas de algodoeiro a injúria simulada de pragas carpofágicas

Due upland cotton crop has a relatively long cycle on Brazilian Savannah areas, varying from 180 to 220 days, abscission and replacement of floral structures is frequent although variable along the phenological phases. The reproductive phase occurs from 45 days after plant emergence until close to the harvest. The objective of this study was to measure the ability of cotton plants to compensate losses caused by carpophagic insects by producing new floral structures. Four cotton cultivars (FM913GLT, FM980GLT, FM966LL and FM975WS) were sowed in an irrigated area, whose soil is characterized as dystrophic latosol. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme, with the cultivar being the main factor and the intensity of the injury caused manually by the removal of floral structures as the secondary factor. Simulated damages consisted of five levels of removal of floral buds, flowers and bolls at 75 days after emergence (DAE). We recorded the number of floral structures present in the plants at 140 DAE and at the harvest. The damage boundary (Db) varied among the cultivars, demonstrating a differentiated response of tolerance to injury. FM980GLT and FM975WS were able to compensate and overcompensate the losses; the same does not happen to FM913GLT and FM966LL. We observed tolerance and linearity phases in all the cultivars but FM966LL. FM980GLT showed highest response capability after be injured. The cotton plants compensated for the loss of structures up to a certain limit of injury, which varies with the cultivar. Overcompensation and compensation occurred through the replacement of new structures while the compensatory response into increase in the weight of bolls did not happen

Qualidade de vida no trabalho: uma análise sob a ótica dos docentes do IFNMG – Campus Araçuaí (MG)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender quais fatores influenciam a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos docentes do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - IFNMG - Campus Araçuaí e os impactos gerados em sua rotina profissional. O tema possui relevância para as organizações e para a rede federal de ensino de forma a analisar, sob a visão dos docentes, a qualidade de vida no trabalho, podendo, por meio do estudo, levantar possíveis mudanças que possam vir a ajudar na melhoria do desempenho dos professores. Com vistas a investigar o problema apresentado, esta pesquisa tem uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa, feita a partir de entrevistas e questionários aplicados aos docentes e gestores do Instituto. Sobre a avaliação dos resultados obtidos, observaram-se fatores considerados satisfatórios no sentido da qualidade de vida no trabalho para os docentes do presente estudo. Portanto, entende-se que a satisfação pessoal do docente e a forma como entendem a qualidade de vida no trabalho estão totalmente atreladas ao seu ambiente de trabalho

A educação física e os temas transversais: contribuindo para a formação crítica e social dos alunos: Physical education and cross-cutting themes: contributing to the critical and social training of students

A origem sociocultural, o tipo de formação e o efeito geracional dos professores de educação física em um ambiente de ensino nas escolas por meio da educação física e temas transversais influenciam o comportamento pedagógico, nas relações entre socialização e professores, sua capacidade de transmitir conhecimentos pedagógicos e seus modos de interação com os alunos no âmbito do ensino. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a contribuição para a formação crítica e social dos alunos por meio de temas transversais na disciplina de educação física. A educação física é um autocontrole associado ao avanço físico, motor, afetivo, sociocultural e na saúde e bem estar. Portanto, independentemente do seu valor para as crianças e jovens, a EF escolar não tem cumprido com os seus propósitos reais, exigindo uma prática motivadora e significativa para os formandos. A competência específica é o conjunto de características individuais que permitem a um indivíduo dominar determinada situação por meio de uma atividade efetiva. Essas características formam um sistema dinâmico, cujo resultado é justamente a competência

O referenciamento de usuários ao centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas

O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer, descrever e problematizar o referenciamento de usuários ao Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS ad) em Teresina (PI). Estudo descritivo realizado no CAPS ad após a investigação de 272 prontuários do período de julho de 2013 a janeiro de 2014. Identificou-se um pequeno número de usuários oriundos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (2,94%), enquanto que a demanda espontânea e as indicações de amigos e familiares somam 53,3%, além de se ter constatado que existem vários pontos emissores de referenciamento para o usuário. Tais resultados sugerem a necessidade de uma avaliação do trabalho realizado pela Estratégia Saúde da Família frente a esta demanda, a fim de se problematizar a sua falta de integração com o CAPS ad com vistas em ações resolutivas da vigilância em saúde, as quais controlem os entraves ao referenciamento dos usuários

INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES DE IDOSOS COM IDEAÇÃO SUICIDA E TENTATIVA DE SUICÍDIO

Risk factors for suicide in the elderly are mainly related to death of loved ones, illness and family relationships. Thus, this article analyzes the family relationships of the elderly with ideation and suicidal attempts. Made in the city of Teresina-PI, since it is among the ten municipalities with the highest rate of suicide among the elderly. It was verified that the surveyed elderly experience conflicts in family relationships, feel scorned, abandoned and rejected by relatives, reasons for which they blame themselves; they live together in a family environment, but in an isolated way, they live socially isolated and in psychic suffering, with mental disorders, which favor suicidal ideation. Thus, the researched elderly seek religiosity as ways of coping and giving meaning to life.Os fatores de risco para o suicídio em pessoas idosas são, principalmente, relacionados a morte de entes queridos, doenças e relações familiares. Assim, este artigo analisa as relações familiares de idosos com ideação e tentativas suicidas. Realizado na cidade de Teresina-PI, visto que se encontra entre os dez municípios nacionais com maior índice de ocorrência de suicídio entre idosos. Verificou-se que os idosos pesquisados vivenciam conflitos nas relações familiares, sentem-se desprezados, abandonados e rejeitados pelos familiares, motivos pelos quais se culpam; convivem em meio familiar, mas de modo isolado, vivem isolados socialmente e em sofrimento psíquico, com transtornos mentais, que favorecem a ideação suicida. Assim, os idosos pesquisados buscam a religiosidade como formas de enfrentamento e de dar sentido à vida

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Methods Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. Findings Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week. Interpretation Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.Peer reviewe

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century