385 research outputs found
Carbazole-based Diradicals for Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is focused on the creation of structural scaffolds based on chemical components that interact through strong but reversible bonds. In fact, dynamic covalent bonds receive lot of attention because of their unique feature to become reversible under mild conditions.1 conjugated diradical compounds has emerged as essential building blocks in DCC.2 In this work, we will review our most recent works on the formation of stimuli-responsive cyclophanes by self-assembly of carbazole-based diradicals. To this end, we use a combined experimental and theoretical approach that links vibrational spectroscopy with DFT calculations. In this sense, it is interesting to note that we have recently demonstrated the potential of a para-substituted carbazole with terminal dicyanomethylene (DCM) groups to act as building blocks in DCC.3 This quinoid carbazole monomer transforms to a macrocycle cyclophane upon soft external stimuli (temperature, pressure, light), showing strong chromic features. In addition, we have also recently explored how the different DCM substitution position affects the interesting chromoactive properties of carbazole compounds.4 Finally, we are currently exploring the effect of the elongation of the carbazole backbone on the formation of stimuli-responsive cyclophanes.Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂa Tech
Multiresponsive chromic soft materials: formation of strongly coupled Ï-dimers from IndoloCarbazole-based biradicaloids
Dynamic covalent chemistry is focused on the creation of structural scaffolds based on chemical components that interact through strong but reversible bonds. In fact, dynamic covalent bonds receive lot of attention because of their unique feature to become reversible under mild conditions.1 Ï-conjugated biradical compounds has emerged as essential building blocks in DCC (dynamic covalent chemistry).2 We have recently demonstrated the potential of a para-substituted carbazole with terminal dicyanomethylene groups to act as building blocks in DCC.3 In fact, this quinoid carbazole monomer transform to a macrocycle cyclophane upon soft external stimuli (temperature, pressure, light), showing strong chromic features. Here, we explore the effect of the elongation of the carbazole backbone on the formation of stimuli-responsive cyclophanes by self-assembly. To this end, we use a join experimental and theoretical approach that links vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and IR) with DFT calculationsUniversidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂa Tech
Antenatal Fear of Childbirth as a Risk Factor for a Bad Childbirth Experience
Giving birth is one of the most impressive experiences in life. However, many pregnant women suffer from fear of childbirth (FOC) and experience labour in very different ways, depending on their personality, previous life experiences, pregnancy, and birth circumstances. The aim of this study was to analyse how fear of childbirth affects the childbirth experience and to assess the related consequences. For this, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 414 women between 1 July 2021 and 30 June 2022. The Birth Anticipation Scale (BAS) was used to measure fear of childbirth and the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-E) was applied to measure satisfaction with the childbirth experience. Fear of childbirth negatively and significantly predicted the childbirth experience. In addition, women who were more fearful of childbirth were found to have worse obstetric outcomes and a higher likelihood of having a caesarean delivery (p = 0.008 C. I 95%). Fear behaved as a risk factor for the birth experience, so the greater the fear, the higher the risk of having a worse birth experience (OR 1.1). Encouraging active listening and support strategies may increase pregnant women's confidence, thus decreasing their fear of the process and improving their childbirth experience
Fitness vs Fatness as Determinants of Survival in Noninstitutionalized Older Adults: The EXERNET Multicenter Study
Background
Physical fitness and body composition are important health indicators; nevertheless, their combined pattern interrelationships and their association with mortality are poorly investigated.
Methods
This longitudinal study is part of the Spanish EXERNET-Elder project. Person-months of follow-up were calculated from the interview date, performed between June 2008 and November 2009, until the date of death or censoring on March 2018 (whichever came first). In order to be included, participants had to fulfill the following criteria: (a) be older than 65 years, (b) live independently at home, (c) not suffer dementia and/or cancer, and (d) have a body mass index above 18.5. Body fat and weight were assessed by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Fitness was measured with the Senior Fitness and the one-leg static balance tests. The Spanish Death Index was consulted for the deathâs identification. Cluster analysis was performed to identify FatâFit patterns and traditional cut-points and percentiles to create the FatâFit groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of death in clustered FatâFit patterns and in traditional FatâFit groups.
Results
A total of 2299 older adults (76.8% of women) were included with a baseline mean age of 71.9 ± 5.2 years. A total of 196 deaths (8.7% of the sample) were identified during the 8 years of follow-up. Four clustered FatâFit patterns (Low fatâFit, Medium fatâFit, High fatâUnfit, and Low fatâUnfit) and 9 traditional FatâFit groups emerged. Using the Low fatâFit pattern as the reference, significantly increased mortality was noted in High fatâUnfit (HR: 1.68, CI: 1.06â2.66) and Low fatâUnfit (HR: 2.01, CI: 1.28â3.16) groups. All the traditional Fit groups showed lower mortality risk when compared to the reference group (obeseâunfit group).
Conclusion
Physical fitness is a determinant factor in terms of survival in community-dwelling older adults, independently of adiposity levels
Associations between Daily Movement Distribution, Bone Structure, Falls, and Fractures in Older Adults: A Compositional Data Analysis Study
[EN] With aging, bone density is reduced, increasing the risk of suffering osteoporosis and fractures. Increasing physical activity (PA) may have preventive effects. However, until now, no studies have considered movement behaviors with compositional data or its association to bone mass and structure measured by peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate these associations and to describe movement behavior distribution in older adults with previous falls and fractures and other related risk parameters, taking into account many nutritional and metabolic confounders. In the current study, 70 participants above 65 years old (51 females) from the city of Zaragoza were evaluated for the EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project. Bone mass and structure were assessed with pQCT, and PA patterns were objectively measured by accelerometry. Prevalence of fear of falling, risk of falling, and history of falls and fractures were asked through the questionnaire. Analyses were performed using a compositional data approach. Whole-movement distribution patterns were associated with cortical thickness. In regard to other movement behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) showed positive association with cortical thickness and total true bone mineral density (BMD) at 38% (all p < 0.05). In addition, less light PA (LPA) and MVPA were observed in those participants with previous fractures and fear of falling, whereas those at risk of falling and those with previous falls showed higher levels of PA. Our results showed positive associations between higher levels of MVPA and volumetric bone. The different movement patterns observed in the groups with a history of having suffered falls or fractures and other risk outcomes suggest that different exercise interventions should be designed in these populations in order to improve bone and prevent the risk of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures.S
Associations between Daily Movement Distribution, Bone Structure, Falls, and Fractures in Older Adults: A Compositional Data Analysis Study
With aging, bone density is reduced, increasing the risk of suffering osteoporosis and
fractures. Increasing physical activity (PA) may have preventive effects. However, until now, no
studies have considered movement behaviors with compositional data or its association to bone
mass and structure measured by peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). Thus, the aim of our
study was to investigate these associations and to describe movement behavior distribution in older
adults with previous falls and fractures and other related risk parameters, taking into account many
nutritional and metabolic confounders. In the current study, 70 participants above 65 years old (51
females) from the city of Zaragoza were evaluated for the EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project. Bone mass and
structure were assessed with pQCT, and PA patterns were objectively measured by accelerometry.
Prevalence of fear of falling, risk of falling, and history of falls and fractures were asked through the
questionnaire. Analyses were performed using a compositional data approach. Whole-movement
distribution patterns were associated with cortical thickness. In regard to other movement behaviors,
moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) showed positive association with cortical thickness and total true
bone mineral density (BMD) at 38% (all p < 0.05). In addition, less light PA (LPA) and MVPA were
observed in those participants with previous fractures and fear of falling, whereas those at risk suggest that different exercise interventions should be designed in these populations in order to
improve bone and prevent the risk of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures
of falling and those with previous falls showed higher levels of PA. Our results showed positive
associations between higher levels of MVPA and volumetric bone. The different movement patterns
observed in the groups with a history of having suffered falls or fractures and other risk outcome
Type II Supernova Spectral Diversity. I. Observations, Sample Characterization, and Spectral Line Evolution
We present 888 visual-wavelength spectra of 122 nearby type II supernovae (SNe II) obtained between 1986 and 2009, and ranging between 3 and 363 days post-explosion. In this first paper, we outline our observations and data reduction techniques, together with a characterization based on the spectral diversity of SNe II. A statistical analysis of the spectral matching technique is discussed as an alternative to nondetection constraints for estimating SN explosion epochs. The time evolution of spectral lines is presented and analyzed in terms of how this differs for SNe of different photometric, spectral, and environmental properties: velocities, pseudo-equivalent widths, decline rates, magnitudes, time durations, and environment metallicity. Our sample displays a large range in ejecta expansion velocities, from âŒ9600 to âŒ1500 km s-1 at 50 days post-explosion with a median Hα value of 7300 km s-1. This is most likely explained through differing explosion energies. Significant diversity is also observed in the absolute strength of spectral lines, characterized through their pseudo-equivalent widths. This implies significant diversity in both temperature evolution (linked to progenitor radius) and progenitor metallicity between different SNe II. Around 60% of our sample shows an extra absorption component on the blue side of the Hα P-Cygni profile ("Cachito" feature) between 7 and 120 days since explosion. Studying the nature of Cachito, we conclude that these features at early times (before âŒ35 days) are associated with Si ii λ6355, while past the middle of the plateau phase they are related to high velocity (HV) features of hydrogen lines.Facultad de Ciencias AstronĂłmicas y GeofĂsicasInstituto de AstrofĂsica de La Plat
Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups
Ahora / Ara
La cinquena ediciĂł del microrelatari per lâeradicaciĂł de la violĂšncia contra les dones de lâInstitut Universitari dâEstudis Feministes i de GĂšnere «PurificaciĂłn Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaraciĂł dâesperança. Aquest Ă©s el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violĂšncia sistĂšmica contra les dones. Ara Ă©s el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat mĂ©s igualitĂ ria.
Cadascun dels relats del llibre Ă©s una denĂșncia i una declaraciĂł que ens encamina cap a un mĂłn millor
- âŠ