Applications and implementation of neuro-connectionist architectures.

by H.S. Ng.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-97).Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Neuro-connectionist Network --- p.2Chapter 2 --- Related Works --- p.5Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.5Chapter 2.1.1 --- Kruskal's Algorithm --- p.5Chapter 2.1.2 --- Prim's algorithm --- p.6Chapter 2.1.3 --- Sollin's algorithm --- p.7Chapter 2.1.4 --- Bellman-Ford algorithm --- p.8Chapter 2.1.5 --- Floyd-Warshall algorithm --- p.9Chapter 3 --- Binary Relation Inference Network and Path Problems --- p.11Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.11Chapter 3.2 --- Topology --- p.12Chapter 3.3 --- Network structure --- p.13Chapter 3.3.1 --- Single-destination BRIN architecture --- p.14Chapter 3.3.2 --- Comparison between all-pair BRIN and single-destination BRIN --- p.18Chapter 3.4 --- Path Problems and BRIN Solution --- p.18Chapter 3.4.1 --- Minimax path problems --- p.18Chapter 3.4.2 --- BRIN solution --- p.19Chapter 4 --- Analog and Voltage-mode Approach --- p.22Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.22Chapter 4.2 --- Analog implementation --- p.24Chapter 4.3 --- Voltage-mode approach --- p.26Chapter 4.3.1 --- The site function --- p.26Chapter 4.3.2 --- The unit function --- p.28Chapter 4.3.3 --- The computational unit --- p.28Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.29Chapter 5 --- Current-mode Approach --- p.32Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.32Chapter 5.2 --- Current-mode approach for analog VLSI Implementation --- p.33Chapter 5.2.1 --- Site and Unit output function --- p.33Chapter 5.2.2 --- Computational unit --- p.34Chapter 5.2.3 --- A complete network --- p.35Chapter 5.3 --- Conclusion --- p.37Chapter 6 --- Neural Network Compensation for Optimization Circuit --- p.40Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.40Chapter 6.2 --- A Neuro-connectionist Architecture for error correction --- p.41Chapter 6.2.1 --- Linear Relationship --- p.42Chapter 6.2.2 --- Output Deviation of Computational Unit --- p.44Chapter 6.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.46Chapter 6.3.1 --- Training Phase --- p.46Chapter 6.3.2 --- Generalization Phase --- p.48Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.50Chapter 7 --- Precision-limited Analog Neural Network Compensation --- p.51Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.51Chapter 7.2 --- Analog Neural Network hardware --- p.53Chapter 7.3 --- Integration of analog neural network compensation of connectionist net- work for general path problems --- p.54Chapter 7.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.55Chapter 7.4.1 --- Convergence time --- p.56Chapter 7.4.2 --- The accuracy of the system --- p.57Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.58Chapter 8 --- Transitive Closure Problems --- p.60Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.60Chapter 8.2 --- Different ways of implementation of BRIN for transitive closure --- p.61Chapter 8.2.1 --- Digital Implementation --- p.61Chapter 8.2.2 --- Analog Implementation --- p.61Chapter 8.3 --- Transitive Closure Problem --- p.63Chapter 8.3.1 --- A special case of maximum spanning tree problem --- p.64Chapter 8.3.2 --- Analog approach solution for transitive closure problem --- p.65Chapter 8.3.3 --- Current-mode approach solution for transitive closure problem --- p.67Chapter 8.4 --- Comparisons between the different forms of implementation of BRIN for transitive closure --- p.71Chapter 8.4.1 --- Convergence Time --- p.71Chapter 8.4.2 --- Circuit complexity --- p.72Chapter 8.5 --- Discussion --- p.73Chapter 9 --- Critical path problems --- p.74Chapter 9.1 --- Introduction --- p.74Chapter 9.2 --- Problem statement and single-destination BRIN solution --- p.75Chapter 9.3 --- Analog implementation --- p.76Chapter 9.3.1 --- Separated building block --- p.78Chapter 9.3.2 --- Combined building block --- p.79Chapter 9.4 --- Current-mode approach --- p.80Chapter 9.4.1 --- "Site function, unit output function and a completed network" --- p.80Chapter 9.5 --- Conclusion --- p.83Chapter 10 --- Conclusions --- p.85Chapter 10.1 --- Summary of Achievements --- p.85Chapter 10.2 --- Future development --- p.88Chapter 10.2.1 --- Application for financial problems --- p.88Chapter 10.2.2 --- Fabrication of VLSI Implementation --- p.88Chapter 10.2.3 --- Actual prototyping of Analog Integrated Circuits for critical path and transitive closure problems --- p.89Chapter 10.2.4 --- Other implementation platform --- p.89Chapter 10.2.5 --- On-line update of routing table inside the router for network com- munication using BRIN --- p.89Chapter 10.2.6 --- Other BRIN's applications --- p.90Bibliography --- p.9

Factors associated with cognitive impairment in Latin American older adults: A cross‐sectional observational study of COVID‐19 confinement

INTRODUCTION: The effects of COVID-19 confinement have been severe, especially in older adults. Therefore, we analyzed the factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Latin America (LA). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with a total of 5245 older adults from 10 countries in LA. Measurement: We used the Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) and the Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) scale. RESULTS: We found that age, depressive symptomatology, bone fractures, being widowed, having a family member with dementia, and unemployment were associated with an increased risk of CI. In contrast, higher education, hypertension with continuous treatment, quarantine, and keeping stimulating cognitive and physical activities were associated with a lower probability of CI. No significant association was found between suffering from diabetes or being retired and CI. DISCUSSION: It is essential to conduct follow-up studies on these factors, considering their relationship with CI and the duration of confinement

Guía de gestión integrada de plagas: mango

Coordinadores: Ángel Martín Gil y Gregoria Aranda Aranda

Efecto de la capacidad visoespacial en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de anatomía médica

Visuospatial ability is associated with clinical skills in medical education, as it predicts the academic performance of anatomy students. Objective: To determine whether visuospatial processing generates changes in the teaching of medical anatomy and predicts academic performance in that subject. Methods: 140 students were evaluated at the beginning of the semester and before final exams with the Rey Complex Figure Test (CRFT).  Student's t-tests were performed to contrast pre- and post-test differences, Cohen's d to measure effect size, and linear regression to evaluate prediction with final grades. Results: Mean age 20.22 years (SD=1.12), mean grade point average 4.96 (SD=1.20). Seventy percent of the students passed the course. The t-test reports significant differences of TFCR (Memory recall: t=-17.383; p<0.001; Delayed recall: t=-16.547, p<0.001) with a medium effect size (d=0.59 and d=0.56), respectively. The scores obtained in the post-test on the TFCR deferred recall task explained up to 90% of the students' academic performance. Conclusions: The instrument's deferred memory predicted academic performance and anatomy learning improved students' visuospatial function performance.La capacidad visoespacial se asocia con habilidades clínicas en la educación médica, ya que predice el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de anatomía. Objetivo: Determinar si el procesamiento visoespacial genera cambios en la enseñanza de la anatomía médica y predice el desempeño académico en esa asignatura. Método: 140 estudiantes evaluados al inicio de semestre y antes de exámenes finales con el Test de la Figura Compleja de Rey.  Se realizaron análisis t de Student para contrastar las diferencias pre y pos-test, d de Cohen para medir el tamaño de efecto y regresión lineal para evaluar la predicción con las notas finales. Resultados: Edad promedio 20.22 años (DE=1.12), media de calificaciones 4.96 (DE=1.20). El 70% de los estudiantes aprobó la asignatura. La prueba t reporta diferencias significativas del TFCR (Evocación de Memoria: t=-17.383; p<0.001; Evocación diferida: t=-16.547, p<0.001) con un tamaño del efecto mediano (d=0.59 y d=0.56), respectivamente. Las puntuaciones obtenidas en el post-test en la tarea de memoria diferida del TFCR, explicaron hasta en un 90% el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: La memoria diferida del instrumento predijo el rendimiento académico y el aprendizaje de anatomía mejoró el desempeño en la función visoespacial de los estudiantes

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√ = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96+0.26−0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio σ(W + +c¯¯)/σ(W − + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s−s¯¯¯ quark asymmetry