Public Order, Public Protest and Public Monuments

Much public protest in recent years has been directed towards monuments to controversial figures who have profited from the slave trade or other exploitative activities. The most striking example in the United Kingdom has been the fate of the four individuals accused of damaging the statue to Edward Colston in Bristol as part of a Black Lives Matter demonstration. This article examines the arguments relied on by the defence at trial and in the Attorney-General's Reference which followed their acquittal. The article begins by setting protest relating to public monuments in its international and historical context

Medidores de condutividade térmica fluxométricos: um estudo de prospecção

This article addresses the need to reassess the built environment in the face of changes caused by global warming, emphasizing the importance of adopting building materials that improve thermal performance and adapt to local bioclimatic conditions. However, in Brazil, the lack of tests to determine the thermal properties of building materials is a limitation due to the high cost and scarcity of equipment available in private laboratories and universities. This results in inaccurate assessments, using normative values that do not adequately represent the actual thermal behavior of materials. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of thermal conductivity meters based on the flowmetric method, a simpler and more economical alternative compared to the traditional protected hot plate method, used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials. The methodology employed involved a systematic review and search for previous patents, analyzing 20 scientific publications and 70 patent deposits. The results indicated that three scientific publications addressed the development of thermal conductivity meters based on the flowmetric method, obtaining satisfactory results in terms of measurement accuracy. Additionally, two patents related to functional improvements in a flowmetric thermal conductivity meter. It is concluded that the development of equipment aimed at measuring thermal properties, especially those based on the flowmetric method, has a high potential for contributing to scientific studies on the thermal performance of building materials. This area is considered technologically relevant and is on the rise. Therefore, investing in research and development of such equipment can be an important strategy to improve the thermal efficiency of buildings and contribute to mitigating the effects of global warming.Este artículo aborda la necesidad de reevaluar el entorno construido frente a los cambios provocados por el calentamiento global, enfatizando la importancia de adoptar materiales de construcción que mejoren el desempeño térmico y se adapten a las condiciones bioclimáticas locales. Sin embargo, en Brasil, la falta de pruebas para determinar las propiedades térmicas de los materiales de construcción es una limitación debido al alto costo y escasez de equipos disponibles en laboratorios privados y universidades. Esto da como resultado evaluaciones imprecisas, utilizando valores normativos que no representan adecuadamente el comportamiento térmico real de los materiales. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar el desarrollo de medidores de conductividad térmica basados ​​en el método fluimétrico, una alternativa más simple y económica en comparación con el método tradicional de placa caliente protegida, utilizado para medir la conductividad térmica de los materiales. La metodología empleada consistió en una revisión sistemática y búsqueda de patentes anteriores, analizando 20 publicaciones científicas y 70 depósitos de patentes. Los resultados indicaron que tres publicaciones científicas abordaron el desarrollo de medidores de conductividad térmica basados ​​en el método fluimétrico, obteniendo resultados satisfactorios en cuanto a la precisión de la medición. Adicionalmente, dos patentes relacionadas con mejoras funcionales en un medidor de conductividad térmica fluimétrica. Se concluye que el desarrollo de equipos destinados a la medición de propiedades térmicas, especialmente aquellos basados ​​en el método fluimétrico, tiene un alto potencial para contribuir a los estudios científicos sobre el comportamiento térmico de los materiales de construcción. Esta área se considera tecnológicamente relevante y está en aumento. Por lo tanto, invertir en investigación y desarrollo de dichos equipos puede ser una estrategia importante para mejorar la eficiencia térmica de los edificios y contribuir a mitigar los efectos del calentamiento global.As modificações na biosfera, a exemplo de fenômenos como as ilhas de calor urbano e de aumento da concentração dos gases do efeito estufa despertam a necessidade de se repensar imediatamente o ambiente urbano e as suas edificações. Nessa perspectiva, devem ser definidos materiais cujas propriedades térmicas dos elementos construtivos contribuam com o desempenho térmico das edificações de acordo com as condições bioclimáticas do local. Para tanto, no Brasil, há uma limitação na prestação de serviços em ensaios para a definição das propriedades térmicas à exemplo da condutividade térmica, uma vez que os equipamentos que permitem esse tipo de análise não estão disponíveis na maioria dos laboratórios das empresas e nas universidades devido ao seu alto custo. Isso faz com que, sob o ponto de vista térmico, não exista uma avaliação de forma mais precisa durante a etapa do projeto. Na prática, os valores das propriedades térmicas utilizados são aqueles padronizados normativamente, o que muitas vezes não representa o comportamento do material/componente aplicado localmente durante a etapa de execução da edificação. Diante disso, o objetivo desse artigo é a realização de uma revisão sistemática e uma busca de anterioridade de patentes de medidores de condutividade térmica baseados no método fluxométrico, escolhidos por possuem construção simplificada e retornam com resultados da condutividade térmica mais rapidamente em relação ao princípio da placa quente protegida. Por fim, discute-se acerca dos resultados encontrados, das perspectivas e oportunidades cabíveis ao tema

Medidores de condutividade térmica fluxométricos: um estudo de prospecção

As modificações na biosfera, a exemplo de fenômenos como as ilhas de calor urbano e de aumento da concentração dos gases do efeito estufa despertam a necessidade de se repensar imediatamente o ambiente urbano e as suas edificações. Nessa perspectiva, devem ser definidos materiais cujas propriedades térmicas dos elementos construtivos contribuam com o desempenho térmico das edificações de acordo com as condições bioclimáticas do local. Para tanto, no Brasil, há uma limitação na prestação de serviços em ensaios para a definição das propriedades térmicas à exemplo da condutividade térmica, uma vez que os equipamentos que permitem esse tipo de análise não estão disponíveis na maioria dos laboratórios das empresas e nas universidades devido ao seu alto custo. Isso faz com que, sob o ponto de vista térmico, não exista uma avaliação de forma mais precisa durante a etapa do projeto. Na prática, os valores das propriedades térmicas utilizados são aqueles padronizados normativamente, o que muitas vezes não representa o comportamento do material/componente aplicado localmente durante a etapa de execução da edificação. Diante disso, o objetivo desse artigo é a realização de uma revisão sistemática e uma busca de anterioridade de patentes de medidores de condutividade térmica baseados no método fluxométrico, escolhidos por possuem construção simplificada e retornam com resultados da condutividade térmica mais rapidamente em relação ao princípio da placa quente protegida. Por fim, discute-se acerca dos resultados encontrados, das perspectivas e oportunidades cabíveis ao tema

Articles of Faith: Freedom of Expression and Religious Freedom in Contemporary Multiculture

This article examines the relationship between freedom of religion and freedom of speech and expression within contemporary multicultural liberal democracies. These two fundamental human rights have increasingly been seen, in public and political discourse, in terms of tension if not outright opposition, a view reinforced by the Charlie Hebdo killings in January 2015. And yet in every human rights charter they are proximate to one another. This essay argues that this adjacency is not coincidental, that it has a history and that, in illuminating this history, it is possible to explore how the contemporary framing of these two rights as being in opposition has come about. Looking back to the framing of the First Amendment of the US Constitution, the essay offers an historical perspective that, in turn, facilitates a reappraisal and re-evaluation of these two liberties that is the necessary, albeit insufficient, predicate to the task of addressing the problematic of multicultural ‘crisis' in the contemporary liberal democracies of Western Europe, North America and Australasia, in which the presence of certain religious communities (Muslims, in particular) and the role of religion in public and political life more generally (and, conversely, of secularism) has assumed a central importance

Identifying Cis-Regulatory Sequences by Word Profile Similarity

Recognizing regulatory sequences in genomes is a continuing challenge, despite a wealth of available genomic data and a growing number of experimentally validated examples.We discuss here a simple approach to search for regulatory sequences based on the compositional similarity of genomic regions and known cis-regulatory sequences. This method, which is not limited to searching for predefined motifs, recovers sequences known to be under similar regulatory control. The words shared by the recovered sequences often correspond to known binding sites. Furthermore, we show that although local word profile clustering is predictive for the regulatory sequences involved in blastoderm segmentation, local dissimilarity is a more universal feature of known regulatory sequences in Drosophila.Our method leverages sequence motifs within a known regulatory sequence to identify co-regulated sequences without explicitly defining binding sites. We also show that regulatory sequences can be distinguished from surrounding sequences by local sequence dissimilarity, a novel feature in identifying regulatory sequences across a genome. Source code for WPH-finder is available for download at http://rana.lbl.gov/downloads/wph.tar.gz

A Machine Learning Approach for Identifying Novel Cell Type–Specific Transcriptional Regulators of Myogenesis

Transcriptional enhancers integrate the contributions of multiple classes of transcription factors (TFs) to orchestrate the myriad spatio-temporal gene expression programs that occur during development. A molecular understanding of enhancers with similar activities requires the identification of both their unique and their shared sequence features. To address this problem, we combined phylogenetic profiling with a DNA–based enhancer sequence classifier that analyzes the TF binding sites (TFBSs) governing the transcription of a co-expressed gene set. We first assembled a small number of enhancers that are active in Drosophila melanogaster muscle founder cells (FCs) and other mesodermal cell types. Using phylogenetic profiling, we increased the number of enhancers by incorporating orthologous but divergent sequences from other Drosophila species. Functional assays revealed that the diverged enhancer orthologs were active in largely similar patterns as their D. melanogaster counterparts, although there was extensive evolutionary shuffling of known TFBSs. We then built and trained a classifier using this enhancer set and identified additional related enhancers based on the presence or absence of known and putative TFBSs. Predicted FC enhancers were over-represented in proximity to known FC genes; and many of the TFBSs learned by the classifier were found to be critical for enhancer activity, including POU homeodomain, Myb, Ets, Forkhead, and T-box motifs. Empirical testing also revealed that the T-box TF encoded by org-1 is a previously uncharacterized regulator of muscle cell identity. Finally, we found extensive diversity in the composition of TFBSs within known FC enhancers, suggesting that motif combinatorics plays an essential role in the cellular specificity exhibited by such enhancers. In summary, machine learning combined with evolutionary sequence analysis is useful for recognizing novel TFBSs and for facilitating the identification of cognate TFs that coordinate cell type–specific developmental gene expression patterns

Assessing the uncertainties of model estimates of primary productivity in the tropical Pacific Ocean

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 76 (2009): 113-133, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.010.Depth-integrated primary productivity (PP) estimates obtained from satellite ocean color based models (SatPPMs) and those generated from biogeochemical ocean general circulation models (BOGCMs) represent a key resource for biogeochemical and ecological studies at global as well as regional scales. Calibration and validation of these PP models are not straightforward, however, and comparative studies show large differences between model estimates. The goal of this paper is to compare PP estimates obtained from 30 different models (21 SatPPMs and 9 BOGCMs) to a tropical Pacific PP database consisting of ~1000 14C measurements spanning more than a decade (1983- 1996). Primary findings include: skill varied significantly between models, but performance was not a function of model complexity or type (i.e. SatPPM vs. BOGCM); nearly all models underestimated the observed variance of PP, specifically yielding too few low PP (< 0.2 gC m-2d-2) values; more than half of the total root-mean-squared model-data differences associated with the satellite-based PP models might be accounted for by uncertainties in the input variables and/or the PP data; and the tropical Pacific database captures a broad scale shift from low biomass-normalized productivity in the 1980s to higher biomass-normalized productivity in the 1990s, which was not successfully captured by any of the models. This latter result suggests that interdecadal and global changes will be a significant challenge for both SatPPMs and BOGCMs. Finally, average root-mean-squared differences between in situ PP data on the equator at 140°W and PP estimates from the satellite-based productivity models were 58% lower than analogous values computed in a previous PP model comparison six years ago. The success of these types of comparison exercises is illustrated by the continual modification and improvement of the participating models and the resulting increase in model skill.This research was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Agency Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program (NNG06GA03G), as well as by numerous other grants to the various participating investigator

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good