A Survey on Self-Supervised Representation Learning

Learning meaningful representations is at the heart of many tasks in the field of modern machine learning. Recently, a lot of methods were introduced that allow learning of image representations without supervision. These representations can then be used in downstream tasks like classification or object detection. The quality of these representations is close to supervised learning, while no labeled images are needed. This survey paper provides a comprehensive review of these methods in a unified notation, points out similarities and differences of these methods, and proposes a taxonomy which sets these methods in relation to each other. Furthermore, our survey summarizes the most-recent experimental results reported in the literature in form of a meta-study. Our survey is intended as a starting point for researchers and practitioners who want to dive into the field of representation learning

African Linguistics in Central and Eastern Europe, and in the Nordic Countries

Non peer reviewe

Raum als ästhetische und politische Kategorie in der Neuen Musik

Voit J. Raum als ästhetische und politische Kategorie in der Neuen Musik. In: Stange C, Friedrichs W, Rößler S, Höftmann A, Barth L, eds. Pendelbewegungen. Erkundungen im Spannungsfeld musikalischer und politischer Bildung. Münster: Waxmann; 2022: 205-220

The INPReS Intervention Escalation Framework for Avoiding Overcrowding in Tourism Destinations

Visitor management is one way to avoid or mitigate the negative effects of overcrowding in tourism destinations. Visitor management depends upon a set of interventions aimed at guiding visitors and recommending alternatives. Here, we present a conceptual framework of such interventions using an escalation from information, nudging, pricing, and reservation to stoppage (INPReS). The interventions are discussed against the backdrop of the changing role of destination management organisations (DMOs) in smart destinations, the challenges to DMO stewardship in avoiding overcrowding, and the design considerations between nudging and persuasion

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Are Overexpressed in the Bone Marrow of Primary Myelofibrosis and Are Apparently Induced by Fibrogenic Cytokines

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasia characterized by progressive deposition of extracellular matrix components in the bone marrow. The involvement of members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family in aberrant bone marrow matrix homeostasis in PMF has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we analyzed expression of BMP1, an activator of latent transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) and processor of collagen precursors, and other BMPs in bone marrow from PMF patients and controls (n = 95). Expression of BMP1, BMP6, BMP7, and BMP-receptor 2 was significantly increased in advanced stages of myelofibrosis compared with controls (P ≤ 0.01), and enhanced levels of BMP6 expression were already evident in prefibrotic stages of PMF. Immunohistochemistry showed that bone marrow stromal cells and megakaryocytes were the major cellular sources of BMP1 protein. Because TGFβ-1 and basic fibroblast growth factor have been shown to be important in the development of myelofibrosis, we studied the induction of BMPs by these cytokines in cultured fibroblasts. Fibroblasts treated with TGFβ-1 showed a pronounced up-regulation of BMP6, suggesting that stromal cells may be susceptible to BMP activation by cytokines with a proven role in the pathogenesis of PMF. We conclude that BMP family members may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis in PMF and are apparently induced by cytokines such as TGFβ-1

Color naming in Africa

International audienceThis chapter is the first large-scale typological survey of the lexical means used in African languages to express color-related meanings. It is based on a very large sample, with data from 350 languages, most of which come from the RefLex online lexical database. It focuses on semantic and morphosyntactic strategies as well as contact induced strategies used for color naming. After a discussion of the issues raised by “basic” color terms, and “polychromatic” color terms, the chapter provides a review of the semantic sources of color terms, the origin of borrowings, colexifications and metaphorical uses of NPs, main patterns of lexicalization, and, briefly, ideophones

African Linguistics in Asia and Australia

Asian and Australian institutions with a research focus on African languages are of fairly recent vintage. Japan has a strong academic infrastructure devoted to African linguistics, based in several universities and research centres. China looks back more than 50 years of interest in teaching Swahili and other major African languages, recently broadening the scope to encompass other issues of linguistic interest. In South Korea, teaching Swahili was also the precursor of more general African linguistics, allowing for regional specializations of researchers. In Australia, academic interest emerges with the increasing presence of experts on African languages and linguistics in the country