Plan de Auditoría para el Programa de Auditoría del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad e Inocuidad ISO 22000:2018 implementado por la empresa Panadería Artesanal Don Josué

Diplomado De Profundización Sistemas De Gestión De La Inocuidad Y Del Ambiente Para El Sector Alimentario Para optar el titulo de Ingeniero de Alimentos por medio de un Plan de Auditoría para el Programa de Auditoría del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad e Inocuidad ISO 22000:2018 implementado por la empresa Panadería Artesanal Don Josué en la que se ha desarrollado bajo el marco de un diseño de plan de auditoría interna, tiene gran relevancia porque es una forma de medir que tan eficaz es el programa de inocuidad que se ha establecido por la compañía, el cual permite detectar falencias en los diferentes requisitos de un sistema de gestión de la inocuidad de los alimentos ISO 22000:2018 y poder tomar las acciones correctivas a tiempo y salvaguardar siempre la inocuidad de los productos finales ofrecidos.Diploma in Deepening Food Safety and Environmental Management Systems for the Food Sector To qualify for the title of Food Engineer through an Audit Plan for the Quality and Safety Management System Audit Program ISO 22000: 2018 implemented by The company Panadería Artesanal Don Josué, in which it has been developed under the framework of an internal audit plan design, has great relevance because it is a way to measure how effective the safety program that has been established by the company is, the which allows detecting shortcomings in the different requirements of an ISO 22000: 2018 food safety management system and being able to take corrective actions on time and always safeguard the safety of the final products offered

Programa de movilidad estudiantil: motivaciones y desmotivaciones de alumnos de la Universidad de Talca

146 p.La memoria que se presenta a continuación, tiene como objetivo general identificar y evaluar las principales variables motivacionales y desmotivacionales de alumnos de la Universidad de Talca, para optar por los programas de intercambio estudiantil. Para lograrlo se realizó inicialmente una investigación exploratoria y luego descriptiva, a una muestra no probabilística de 384 alumnos seleccionada por conveniencia de manera proporcional a la cantidad de alumnos que hay matriculados por carreras, durante el segundo semestre del año 2007. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS, trabajando así con tablas de contingencia, las que permitirían generar los cruces de variables necesarios dentro del estudio. Las carreras más motivadas a la movilidad estudiantil son Ingeniería en Bioinformática, Tecnología Médica y Odontología con un porcentaje superior al 77%, y las más desmotivadas son Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería en Mecatrónica con un 75% y 57% de los encuestados respectivamente. Luego de la identificación y medición de las variables, se priorizaron de la siguiente manera, sobresaliendo motivacionalmente “Es una buena oportunidad para ampliar mis horizontes”, “Elevar mi nivel como profesional gracias a otra oferta académica” con un 95,45% y 94,77% de aprobación respectivamente. En la desmotivación sobresale “Quiero egresar pronto de la universidad”, “Hay poca información para los alumnos” con un 72,4% y 65% de aprobación respectivamente. También es relevante dar a conocer que quienes influyen principalmente en las decisiones del estudiante es “La Familia” con un 77,3%, “El Mercado Laboral” con un 45,6% y “La Pareja” según el 25,3% de los encuestados. Al conocer las motivaciones y desmotivaciones que tienen los alumnos, se logró plantear mejoras al servicio en cuanto a alternativas para difundir los programas de movilidad estudiantil, mediante el apoyo de charlas dictadas a los estudiantes de primer año con sus familiares, mayor participación de profesores y escuela, opciones para aumentar el financiamiento, entre otros, otorgando así una mayor participación de los alumnos en el intercambio estudiantil

La narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia.

El presente trabajo se desarrolla desde la imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia; en el cual se encuentra un proceso de reflexión y argumentación ante los acontecimientos sucedidos con las víctimas del conflicto armado, para poder cumplir con el objetivo del trabajo se analizaron los relatos de cada caso e identificaron las afectaciones, impactos, emergentes psicosociales, estrategias, entre otros. La metodología con la que se desarrolló el trabajo fue con un análisis individual y grupal respondiendo las preguntas orientadoras con el fin de reflexionar en conjunto sobre las sintonías y enlaces expresivos que subsisten en los ejercicios realizados; los resultados de este análisis demuestra que las personas víctimas del conflicto armado son una población con un margen de riesgo alto, debido a los niveles de ansiedad, angustia, exclusión, violencias físicas, psicológica y/o sexual, intimidaciones, desapariciones, entre otros, por consiguiente trae afectaciones psicológicas irreparables. Los pobladores de estas zonas denominadas “zonas rojas” han sido estigmatizados y en su gran mayoría acusados de ser cómplices de los grupos al margen de la ley, lo cual conlleva a investigaciones gubernamentales y hostigamiento por parte del ejército nacional, esto trae consigo el desplazamiento de habitantes de dichas zonas para mantenerse a salvo, con consecuencias como el abandono al núcleo familiar.The present boarded work from the picture and the narrative as tools for the shipping psycho- social scenes of violence. that is a process of reflection and argument before the event happened on the victims of the armed conflict, to be able to do for the purpose of the job i have to analyses the stories of each case and identifying the impact, affectations emergent, strategies, psycho-social, among others. The methodology of the job was developed an individual with group analysis and responding to consult the question to reflect on the whole and syntonizers expressive trying to survive in the place out. the results of the tests show that the people the victims are armed conflict with a population window a high-risk, due to anxiety distress levels, physical and psychological, sexual exclusion intimidations violence’s, disappearances, therefore etc. affectations psychological irreparable. The habitants of these areas known as "red zones" have been stigmatized and the clear majority accused of being accomplices of groups outside the law, which leads to government investigations and harassment by the national army, this brings with it the displacement of inhabitants of these zones to stay safe, but this brings consequences such as abandonment to the family nucleus. Our role as psychologists is to empower people as autonomous, to adequately assume their stages of mourning and to remain positive in order to achieve a social reconstruction, where both men and women can take charge of their lives and thus be an active part of the progress of your community that you need so much

Development and internal validation of a multifactorial risk prediction model for gallbladder cancer in a high-incidence country

Since 2006, Chile has been implementing a gallbladder cancer (GBC) prevention program based on prophylactic cholecystectomy for gallstone patients aged 35 to 49 years. The effectiveness of this prevention program has not yet been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a retrospective study of 473 Chilean GBC patients and 2137 population-based controls to develop and internally validate three GBC risk prediction models. The Baseline Model accounted for gallstones while adjusting for sex and birth year. Enhanced Model I also included the non-genetic risk factors: body mass index, educational level, Mapuche surnames, number of children and family history of GBC. Enhanced Model II further included Mapuche ancestry and the genotype for rs17209837. Multiple Cox regression was applied to assess the predictive performance, quantified by the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PRC) and the number of cholecystectomies needed (NCN) to prevent one case of GBC at age 70 years. The AUC-PRC for the Baseline Model (0.44%, 95%CI 0.42-0.46) increased by 0.22 (95%CI 0.15-0.29) when non-genetic factors were included, and by 0.25 (95%CI 0.20-0.30) when incorporating non-genetic and genetic factors. The overall NCN for Chileans with gallstones (115, 95%CI 104-131) decreased to 92 (95%CI 60-128) for Chileans with a higher risk than the median according to Enhanced Model I, and to 80 (95%CI 59-110) according to Enhanced Model II. In conclusion, age, sex and gallstones are strong risk factors for GBC, but consideration of other non-genetic factors and individual genotype data improves risk prediction and may optimize allocation of financial resources and surgical capacity.Fil: Boekstegers, Felix. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Scherer, Dominique. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Barahona Ponce, Carol. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; AlemaniaFil: Marcelain, Katherine. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Gárate Calderón, Valentina. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Waldenberger, Melanie. No especifíca;Fil: Morales, Erik. Universidad Católica de Maule; ChileFil: Rojas, Armando. Universidad Católica de Maule; ChileFil: Munoz, César. Universidad Católica de Maule; ChileFil: Retamales, Javier. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ChileFil: de Toro, Gonzalo. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Barajas, Olga. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Rivera, María Teresa. Hospital del Salvador; ChileFil: Cortés, Analía. Hospital del Salvador; ChileFil: Loader, Denisse. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Saavedra, Javiera. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Gutiérrez, Lorena. Hospital San Juan de Dios; ChileFil: Ortega, Alejandro. Hospital Regional; ChileFil: Bertrán, Maria Enriqueta. Hospital Base de Valdivia; ChileFil: Bartolotti, Leonardo. Hospital Base de Valdivia; ChileFil: Gabler, Fernando. Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán; ChileFil: Campos, Mónica. Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán; ChileFil: Alvarado, Juan. Hospital Regional de Concepción - Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Moisán, Fabricio. Hospital Regional de Concepción - Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Spencer, Loreto. Hospital Regional de Concepción - Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente; ChileFil: Nervi, Bruno. No especifíca;Fil: Carvajal Hausdorf, Daniel. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: Losada, Héctor. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Almau, Mauricio. Hospital de Rancagua; ChileFil: Fernández, Plinio. Hospital de Rancagua; ChileFil: Olloquequi, Jordi. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Fuentes Guajardo, Macarena. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Bortolini, Maria Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. No especifíca;Fil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Ruiz-Linares, Andres. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Lorenzo Bermejo, Justo. Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg; Alemani

Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Relationship Between Native American Ancestry and Gallbladder Cancer Risk

Background A strong association between the proportion of Native American ancestry and the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has been reported in observational studies. Chileans show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and the Mapuche are the largest Native American people in Chile. We set out to investigate the causal association between Native American Mapuche ancestry and GBC risk, and the possible mediating effects of gallstone disease and body mass index (BMI) on this association. Methods Markers of Mapuche ancestry were selected based on the informativeness for assignment measure and then used as instrumental variables in two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analyses and complementary sensitivity analyses. Result We found evidence of a causal effect of Mapuche ancestry on GBC risk (inverse variance-weighted (IVW) risk increase of 0.8% for every 1% increase in Mapuche ancestry proportion, 95% CI 0.4% to 1.2%, p = 6.6×10-5). Mapuche ancestry was also causally linked to gallstone disease (IVW risk increase of 3.6% per 1% increase in Mapuche proportion, 95% CI 3.1% to 4.0%, p = 1.0×10-59), suggesting a mediating effect of gallstones in the relationship between Mapuche ancestry and GBC. In contrast, the proportion of Mapuche ancestry showed a negative causal effect on BMI (IVW estimate -0.006 kg/m2 per 1% increase in Mapuche proportion, 95% CI -0.009 to -0.003, p = 4.4×10-5). Conclusions The results presented here may have significant implications for GBC prevention and are important for future admixture mapping studies. Given that the association between Mapuche ancestry and GBC risk previously noted in observational studies appears to be causal, primary and secondary prevention strategies that take into account the individual proportion of Mapuche ancestry could be particularly efficient

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Combined fit to the spectrum and composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory including magnetic horizon effects

The measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays can be interpreted assuming the presence of two extragalactic source populations, one dominating the flux at energies above a few EeV and the other below. To fit the data ignoring magnetic field effects, the high-energy population needs to accelerate a mixture of nuclei with very hard spectra, at odds with the approximate E$^{-2}$ shape expected from diffusive shock acceleration. The presence of turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields in the region between the closest sources and the Earth can significantly modify the observed CR spectrum with respect to that emitted by the sources, reducing the flux of low-rigidity particles that reach the Earth. We here take into account this magnetic horizon effect in the combined fit of the spectrum and shower depth distributions, exploring the possibility that a spectrum for the high-energy population sources with a shape closer to E$^{-2}$ be able to explain the observations

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe