Anomalous Raman Modes in Tellurides

Two broad bands are usually found in the Raman spectrum of many Te-based chalcogenides, which include binary compounds, like ZnTe, CdTe, HgTe, GaTe, GeTe, SnTe, PbTe, GeTe2, As2Te3, Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3, NiTe2, IrTe2, TiTe2, as well as ternary compounds, like GaGeTe, SnSb2Te4, SnBi2Te4, and GeSb2Te5. Many different explanations have been proposed in the literature for the origin of these two anomalous broad bands in tellurides, usually located between 119 and 145 cm-1. They have been attributed to the own sample, to oxidation, to the folding of Brillouin-edge modes onto the zone center, to the existence of a double resonance, like that of graphene, or to the formation of Te precipitates. In this paper, we provide arguments to demonstrate that such bands correspond to clusters or precipitates of trigonal Te in form of nanosize or microsize grains or layers that are segregated either inside or at the surface of the samples. Several mechanisms for Te segregation are discussed and sample heating caused by excessive laser power during Raman scattering measurements is emphasized. Finally, we show that anomalous Raman modes related to Se precipitates also occur in selenides, thus providing a general vision for a better characterization of selenides and tellurides by means of Raman scattering measurements and for a better understanding of chalcogenides in general.Comment: 45 pages, 8 figure

Novedades en la farmacoterapia del dolor óseo de origen maligno y no maligno.

Introducción: El dolor óseo es un síntoma debilitante que puede aparecer en un gran número de trastornos tanto malignos como no malignos y existen indicios que la prevalencia va a aumentar en las próximas décadas. El objetivo de esta revisión es recopilar y resumir la evidencia disponible sobre el tratamiento farmacológico actual del dolor óseo tanto en patologías de origen oncohematológico como de origen no maligno. Método: Para responder al objetivo de nuestro trabajo se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura publicada en las principales bases de datos hasta el 31 de abril de 2016. Resultados: Los fármacos antirresortivos, como los bifosfonatos, y aquellos que estimulan la formación del hueso, como la teriparatida, junto a analgésicos, como los AINEs y lo opioides, son actualmente la base farmacológica para tratar el dolor óseo (dependiendo de qué patología se trate). Existen nuevas hipótesis sobre diferentes mecanismos que pueden estar relacionados con la génesis del dolor, con el consecuente desarrollo de nuevas moléculas con distintos y novedosos mecanismos de acción. Conclusiones: Es necesario que se desarrollen más estudios que aclaren aspectos inciertos relacionados con el tratamiento del dolor óseo y permita el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos. Los farmacéuticos deben de estar actualizados sobre el arsenal terapéutico disponible en la actualidad para el tratamiento del dolor óseo como el primer paso para llevar a cabo una atención farmacéutica de calidad

Novedades en la farmacoterapia del dolor óseo de origen maligno y no maligno.

Introducción: El dolor óseo es un síntoma debilitante que puede aparecer en un gran número de trastornos tanto malignos como no malignos y existen indicios que la prevalencia va a aumentar en las próximas décadas. El objetivo de esta revisión es recopilar y resumir la evidencia disponible sobre el tratamiento farmacológico actual del dolor óseo tanto en patologías de origen oncohematológico como de origen no maligno. Método: Para responder al objetivo de nuestro trabajo se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura publicada en las principales bases de datos hasta el 31 de abril de 2016. Resultados: Los fármacos antirresortivos, como los bifosfonatos, y aquellos que estimulan la formación del hueso, como la teriparatida, junto a analgésicos, como los AINEs y lo opioides, son actualmente la base farmacológica para tratar el dolor óseo (dependiendo de qué patología se trate). Existen nuevas hipótesis sobre diferentes mecanismos que pueden estar relacionados con la génesis del dolor, con el consecuente desarrollo de nuevas moléculas con distintos y novedosos mecanismos de acción. Conclusiones: Es necesario que se desarrollen más estudios que aclaren aspectos inciertos relacionados con el tratamiento del dolor óseo y permita el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos. Los farmacéuticos deben de estar actualizados sobre el arsenal terapéutico disponible en la actualidad para el tratamiento del dolor óseo como el primer paso para llevar a cabo una atención farmacéutica de calidad

Evolution of the incidence of colonized and infected patients by VIM carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a pediatric hospital in Spain

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of the incidence of infected and colonized patients with carbapenemase VIM-producing bacteria (CPB-VIM) at a national referral pediatric center in Madrid, Spain, between 2012 and 2015. METHODS: Descriptive epidemiological surveillance study. The surveillance system included case detection (screening for BPC colonization in all admitted patients, with periodicity according to the ward) and control measures (contact precautions, identification of previously colonized patients at admission, environmental cleaning, education, supervision of contact precautions, and patient cohort). All hospitalized patients with first positive microbiological sample for CPB-VIM in 2012-2015 were included. Colonized patients were followed through clinical history to evaluate later infection. RESULTS: We found 239 colonized and 51 infected patients with CPB-VIM (49.3% women, 47.6% were 5 months old or younger, 52.1% admitted at Intensive Care Unit). Infection and colonization incidence were, respectively, 2.6 and 6.7 cases per one thousand hospitalized patients in 2012, 1.8 and 10.0 in 2014 and 0.3 and 5.0 in 2015. Within these patients, 84.4% shared ward with other patient with previous positive sample. 13.0% (31/239) of colonized patients had a subsequent infection. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown data of pediatric patients affected by BPC-VIM, collected from an epidemiological surveillance system that included systematic screening at a national referral center. After an epidemic period, the incidence of cases went down. The surveillance and infection control measures intensification, as well as coordination with involved departments, were key in the handling of the situation.S

The nature of the Cygnus extreme B supergiant 2MASS J20395358+4222505

2MASS J20395358+4222505 is an obscured early B supergiant near the massive OB star association Cygnus OB2. Despite its bright infrared magnitude (Ks = 5.82) it has remained largely ignored because of its dim optical magnitude (B = 16.63, V = 13.68). In a previous paper, we classified it as a highly reddened, potentially extremely luminous, early B-type supergiant. We obtained its spectrum in the U, B and R spectral bands during commissioning observations with the instrument MEGARA at the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS. It displays a particularly strong Hα emission for its spectral type, B1 Ia. The star seems to be in an intermediate phase between supergiant and hypergiant, a group that it will probably join in the near (astronomical) future. We observe a radial velocity difference between individual observations and determine the stellar parameters, obtaining Teff = 24 000 K and log gc = 2.88 ± 0.15. The rotational velocity found is large for a B supergiant, v sin i = 110 ± 25 kms−1⁠. The abundance pattern is consistent with solar, with a mild C underabundance (based on a single line). Assuming that J20395358+4222505 is at the distance of Cyg OB2, we derive the radius from infrared photometry, finding R = 41.2 ± 4.0 R⊙, log(L/L⊙) = 5.71 ± 0.04 and a spectroscopic mass of 46.5 ± 15.0 M⊙. The clumped mass-loss rate (clumping factor 10) is very high for the spectral type, M˙ = 2.4 × 10−6 M⊙ a−1. The high rotational velocity and mass-loss rate place the star at the hot side of the bi-stability jump. Together with the nearly solar CNO abundance pattern, they may also point to evolution in a binary system, J20395358+4222505 being the initial secondary.SS-D and AH acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through grants PGC-2018-091 3741-B-C22 and CEX2019-000920-S and from the Canarian Agency for Research, Innovation and Information Society (ACIISI), of the Canary Islands Government, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), under grant with reference ProID2020010016. MG and FN acknowledge financial support through Spanish grant PID2019-105552RB-C41 (MINECO/MCIU/AEI/FEDER) and from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through the Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’-Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) project No. MDM-2017-0737. SRB acknowledges support by the Spanish Government under grants AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P and PGC2018-093741-B-C21/C22 (MICIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). SRA acknowledges funding support from the FONDECYT Iniciación project 11171025 and the FONDECYT Regular project 1201490. JIP acknowledges finantial support from projects Estallidos6 AYA2016-79724-C4 (Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), Estallidos7 PID2019-107408GB-C44 (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion), grant P18-FR-2664 (Junta de Andalucía), and grant SEV-2017-0709 ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program’ (Spanish Science Ministry). AGP, SP, AG-M, JG and NC acknowledge support from the Spanish MCI through project RTI2018-096188-B-I00

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations

Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√ = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96+0.26−0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio σ(W + +c¯¯)/σ(W − + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s−s¯¯¯ quark asymmetry

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model