Ansätze und Erfahrungen der Präventions- und Deradikalisierungsarbeit

"Was wird in Deutschland getan, um die Radikalisierung von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in religiösen Extremismus zu verhindern? Wo sollte erfolgreiche Arbeit ansetzen? Der Report klärt über die Unterschiede von Prävention und Deradikalisierung auf und bietet eine Übersicht über existierende Projekte und Initiativen. Welche Erfahrungen gibt es und welche Schlüsse lassen sich für zukünftige Projekte ziehen? Handlungsempfehlungen für Forschung, Politik und pädagogische Praxis schließen den Report ab." (Autorenreferat)"Which steps are being taken to prevent the radicalization of teenagers and young adults into religious extremism? Where does effective prevention start? This report explains the differences between prevention and de-radicalization, offering an overview of the existing projects and initiatives. Which conclusions can be drawn from the experiences for future projects? The report offers concrete recommendations for research, politics and pedagogical practices." (author's abstract

Management of EPICS IOCs in a Distributed Network Environment Using Salt

An EPICS-based control system typically consists of many individual IOCs, which can be distributed across many computers in a network. Managing hundreds of deployed IOCs, keeping track of where they are running, and providing operators with basic interaction capabilities can easily become a maintenance nightmare. At the Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IBPT) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), we operate separate networks for our accelerators KARA and FLUTE and use the Salt Project to manage the IT infrastructure. Custom Salt states take care of deploying our IOCs across multiple servers directly from the code repositories, integrating them into the host operating system and monitoring infrastructure. In addition, this allows the integration into our GUI in order to enable operators to monitor and control the process for each IOC without requiring any specific knowledge of where and how that IOC is deployed. Therefore, we can maintain and scale to any number of IOCs on any numbers of hosts nearly effortless. This paper presents the design of this system, discusses the tools and overall setup required to make it work, and shows off the integration into our GUI and monitoring systems

Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries

It is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions—warmth and competence—plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.publishedVersio

Prospective individual patient data meta-analysis of two randomized trials on convalescent plasma for COVID-19 outpatients

Data on convalescent plasma (CP) treatment in COVID-19 outpatients are scarce. We aimed to assess whether CP administered during the first week of symptoms reduced the disease progression or risk of hospitalization of outpatients. Two multicenter, double-blind randomized trials (NCT04621123, NCT04589949) were merged with data pooling starting when = 50 years and symptomatic for <= 7days were included. The intervention consisted of 200-300mL of CP with a predefined minimum level of antibodies. Primary endpoints were a 5-point disease severity scale and a composite of hospitalization or death by 28 days. Amongst the 797 patients included, 390 received CP and 392 placebo; they had a median age of 58 years, 1 comorbidity, 5 days symptoms and 93% had negative IgG antibody-test. Seventy-four patients were hospitalized, 6 required mechanical ventilation and 3 died. The odds ratio (OR) of CP for improved disease severity scale was 0.936 (credible interval (CI) 0.667-1.311); OR for hospitalization or death was 0.919 (CI 0.592-1.416). CP effect on hospital admission or death was largest in patients with <= 5 days of symptoms (OR 0.658, 95%CI 0.394-1.085). CP did not decrease the time to full symptom resolution

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Distributed Systems Extensions for the Dunai FRP Library

Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) offers a declarative way to express reactive systems such as animations, user interfaces and games. Various topics related to FRP like optimization, generalization and debugging were studied. However, the use of FRP in distributed systems has not been investigated extensively. Focused on the use of the Dunai FRP library implemented in the Haskell programming language, the aim of this thesis is to develop and evaluate a way to apply FRP to distributed systems. A library is implemented to extend Dunai with means to create distributed systems. There is support for the Client/Server network architectural model and algorithms to synchronize applications across a network. As the synchronization of distributed systems has been a topic of research for decades, this thesis explores whether developed ideas, such as Time Warp (Jefferson, 1985), can be expressed in FRP. Additionally, Client Side Prediction (Bernier, 2001) and Dead Reckoning (DIS Steering Committee, 1994) are used to predict server reactions on client-side. An exemplary application demonstrates the implementation. The application is then evaluated in a performance test and a user test. TimeWarp synchronization has a significant impact on performance. Despite this, the application is playable up to a latency of 100 ms. The result of Dead Reckoning is acceptable, whereas Client Side Prediction is not usable. The thesis shows that the developed way can be used to run FRP on distributed systems. Further work should focus the performance to enable more complex applications. Moreover, Dead Reckoning can be improved to a smoother result. Non-trivial changes are necessary to make Client Side Prediction usable.:1 Introduction ... 1 2 Functional Reactive Programming ... 4 2.1 The Arrow Type Class ... 5 2.2 The Dunai FRP Library ... 7 2.2.1 Monadic Stream Functions ... 7 2.2.2 Combining Monads ... 8 2.2.3 Monads in Monadic Stream Functions ... 9 2.3 The BearRiver FRP Library ... 10 2.4 Executing FRP ... 11 3 Synchronization of Distributed Systems ... 13 3.1 Distributed Systems ... 13 3.2 Consistency of Distributed Systems ... 14 3.3 Client/Server Architecture ... 15 3.4 Time Warp Synchronization ... 16 3.5 Dead Reckoning ... 17 3.6 Client Side Prediction ... 19 4 Cloud Haskell ... 21 4.1 Exchanging Messages ... 22 4.2 Fault Tolerance ... 23 4.3 The Cloud Haskell Platform ... 23 5 Concept ... 25 5.1 Concept of the Implemented Library ... 25 5.2 Concept of the Sample Application ... 27 5.3 Functional Requirements ... 28 5.4 Non-Functional Requirements ... 30 6 Implementation ... 32 6.1 Client/Server Architecture ... 33 6.1.1 Establishing Connections between Clients and Servers ... 33 6.1.2 Distributed Execution of FRP ... 35 6.1.3 Implementation of Servers ... 36 6.1.4 Implementation of Clients ... 38 6.2 Time Warp Synchronization ... 39 6.2.1 Rollbacks of Monadic Stream Functions ... 39 6.2.2 Executing FRP using Time Warp Synchronization ... 41 6.3 Dead Reckoning ... 45 6.4 Client Side Prediction ... 46 7 Evaluation ... 48 7.1 Evaluation of Functional Requirements ... 48 7.2 Concept of the Performance Test ... 52 7.3 Concept of the User Test ... 53 7.4 Results of the Performance Test ... 54 7.5 Results of the User Test ... 56 8 Summary ... 60 Bibliography ... A Listings ... M List of Figures ... O List of Tables ... P Glossary .. Q Abbreviations ...

Distributed Systems Extensions for the Dunai FRP Library

Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) offers a declarative way to express reactive systems such as animations, user interfaces and games. Various topics related to FRP like optimization, generalization and debugging were studied. However, the use of FRP in distributed systems has not been investigated extensively. Focused on the use of the Dunai FRP library implemented in the Haskell programming language, the aim of this thesis is to develop and evaluate a way to apply FRP to distributed systems. A library is implemented to extend Dunai with means to create distributed systems. There is support for the Client/Server network architectural model and algorithms to synchronize applications across a network. As the synchronization of distributed systems has been a topic of research for decades, this thesis explores whether developed ideas, such as Time Warp (Jefferson, 1985), can be expressed in FRP. Additionally, Client Side Prediction (Bernier, 2001) and Dead Reckoning (DIS Steering Committee, 1994) are used to predict server reactions on client-side. An exemplary application demonstrates the implementation. The application is then evaluated in a performance test and a user test. TimeWarp synchronization has a significant impact on performance. Despite this, the application is playable up to a latency of 100 ms. The result of Dead Reckoning is acceptable, whereas Client Side Prediction is not usable. The thesis shows that the developed way can be used to run FRP on distributed systems. Further work should focus the performance to enable more complex applications. Moreover, Dead Reckoning can be improved to a smoother result. Non-trivial changes are necessary to make Client Side Prediction usable.:1 Introduction ... 1 2 Functional Reactive Programming ... 4 2.1 The Arrow Type Class ... 5 2.2 The Dunai FRP Library ... 7 2.2.1 Monadic Stream Functions ... 7 2.2.2 Combining Monads ... 8 2.2.3 Monads in Monadic Stream Functions ... 9 2.3 The BearRiver FRP Library ... 10 2.4 Executing FRP ... 11 3 Synchronization of Distributed Systems ... 13 3.1 Distributed Systems ... 13 3.2 Consistency of Distributed Systems ... 14 3.3 Client/Server Architecture ... 15 3.4 Time Warp Synchronization ... 16 3.5 Dead Reckoning ... 17 3.6 Client Side Prediction ... 19 4 Cloud Haskell ... 21 4.1 Exchanging Messages ... 22 4.2 Fault Tolerance ... 23 4.3 The Cloud Haskell Platform ... 23 5 Concept ... 25 5.1 Concept of the Implemented Library ... 25 5.2 Concept of the Sample Application ... 27 5.3 Functional Requirements ... 28 5.4 Non-Functional Requirements ... 30 6 Implementation ... 32 6.1 Client/Server Architecture ... 33 6.1.1 Establishing Connections between Clients and Servers ... 33 6.1.2 Distributed Execution of FRP ... 35 6.1.3 Implementation of Servers ... 36 6.1.4 Implementation of Clients ... 38 6.2 Time Warp Synchronization ... 39 6.2.1 Rollbacks of Monadic Stream Functions ... 39 6.2.2 Executing FRP using Time Warp Synchronization ... 41 6.3 Dead Reckoning ... 45 6.4 Client Side Prediction ... 46 7 Evaluation ... 48 7.1 Evaluation of Functional Requirements ... 48 7.2 Concept of the Performance Test ... 52 7.3 Concept of the User Test ... 53 7.4 Results of the Performance Test ... 54 7.5 Results of the User Test ... 56 8 Summary ... 60 Bibliography ... A Listings ... M List of Figures ... O List of Tables ... P Glossary .. Q Abbreviations ...

Wake-Model Effects on Induced Drag Prediction of Staggered Boxwings

For staggered boxwings the predictions of induced drag that rely on common potential-flow methods can be of limited accuracy. For example, linear, freestream-fixed wake models cannot resolve effects related to wake deflection and roll-up, which can have significant affects on the induced drag projection of these systems. The present work investigates the principle impact of wake modelling on the accuracy of induced drag prediction of boxwings with stagger. The study compares induced drag predictions of a higher-order potential-flow method that uses fixed and relaxed-wake models, and of an Euler-flow method. Positive-staggered systems at positive angles of attack are found to be particularly prone to higher-order wake effects due to vertical contraction of wakes trajectories, which results in smaller effective height-to-span ratios than compared with negative stagger and thus closer interactions between trailing wakes and lifting surfaces. Therefore, when trying to predict induced drag of positive staggered boxwings, only a potential-flow method with a fully relaxed-wake model will provide the high-degree of accuracy that rivals that of an Euler method while being computationally significantly more efficient

Modulare Synthese helikal‐chiraler Organobor‐Verbindungen: Ausschnitte verlängerter Helices

Zwei Arten helikal-chiraler Verbindungen mit einem oder zwei Boratomen wurden nach einem modularen Ansatz synthetisiert. Die Bildung der helikalen Strukturen erfolgte durch Einführung von Bor in flexible Biaryl- bzw. Triaryl-Vorstufen, hergestellt aus kleinen achiralen Bausteinen. Die durchgehend ortho-fusionierten Azabora[7]helicene zeichnen sich dabei durch außergewöhnliche Konfigurationsstabilität, blaue oder grüne Fluoreszenz in Lösung mit Quantenausbeuten (Φ$_{fl}$) von 18–24 %, grüne oder gelbe Emission im Festkörper (Φ$_{fl}$ bis zu 23 %) und starke chiroptische Resonanz mit großen Anisotropiefaktoren von bis zu 1.12×10$^{-2}$ aus. Azabora[9]helicene, aufgebaut aus winkelförmig sowie linear angeordneten Ringen, sind blaue Emitter mit Φ$_{fl}$ von bis zu 47 % in CH$_{2}$Cl$_{2}$ und 25 % im Festkörper. DFT-Rechnungen zeigen, dass ihre P-M-Interkonversion über einen komplexeren Weg verläuft als im Fall von H1. Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Einkristallen zeigt deutliche Unterschiede in der Packungsanordnung von Methyl- und Phenylderivaten auf. Die Moleküle werden als Primärstrukturen verlängerter Helices vorgeschlagen