515 research outputs found
Seguimiento de dependientes del alcohol y/o de la cocaĂna despuĂ©s de su salida de una Comunidad TerapĂ©utica: estudio piloto
En España, las Comunidades TerapĂ©uticas (CT) constituyen un modelo de tratamiento comĂșn en las adicciones, aunque apenas existe investigaciĂłn acerca de su eficacia y la persistencia de sus logros. Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos a corto, medio y largo plazo del tratamiento de la adicciĂłn al alcohol o cocaĂna en las CT de la âFundaciĂłn Salud y Comunidadâ. Diseño: Estudio piloto descriptivo, con un diseño secuencial de cohorte. Se aplicĂł una encuesta diseñada ad hoc a 91 usuarios para conocer su evoluciĂłn en los diferentes periodos de seguimiento (1, 3, 5 Ăł 10 años despuĂ©s de su salida de la CT): variables sociodemogrĂĄficas, de uso de la/s sustancia/s psicoactiva/s y relacionadas con la estancia en la CT. Se describe el cambio entre antes de la CT y en la actualidad respecto a variables acadĂ©micas, laborales, de consumo de droga/s, salud, adaptaciĂłn socio-familiar y comportamiento delictivo. Resultados: las cohortes mostraron un patrĂłn previo relativamente comĂșn, recibiendo un tratamiento similar. Los usuarios afirman haber disminuido el hĂĄbito de consumo frecuente de la droga principal, encontrando un 48.9% que no ha recaĂdo ni siquiera mediante un consumo ocasional de la/s droga/s. TambiĂ©n perciben haber mejorado su salud y sus relaciones familiares, asĂ como el comportamiento agresivo y problemas legales derivados del consumo de droga/s. Conclusiones: tras su rehabilitaciĂłn en una CT, los usuarios manifiestan una disminuciĂłn global del consumo de drogas y perciben una mejora a nivel de salud, familia, violencia y problemĂĄticas derivadas del consumo
Outcomes of off-label drug uses in hospitals: a multicentric prospective study
Purpose: The study aims to assess the clinical evidence, outcome and cost of off-label use of medicines in the hospital setting. Methods: A multicentric prospective cohort study of patients treated with off-label medicines was carried out in five tertiary hospitals from May 2011 to May 2012. Information on clinical characteristics of patients, drugs, outcomes and costs was collected. Patients were followed up to 6 months, and information was assessed by reviewing clinical records and interviewing physicians. Results: A total of 226 patients were included. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of patients was 46 (3362)âyears; 59 % were women. Patients had received a median of three previous treatments, and a lack of response (or suboptimal) was the main reason for off-label use (72.1 %). A total of 232 off-label medicines were administered for 102 different indications. The most frequent medicines were rituximab (49; 21.1 %), botulinum toxin (25; 10.7 %) and omalizumab (14; 6.0 %). In 117 (51.8 %) cases, the level of clinical evidence for their use was low. A partial clinical response was observed in 82 patients (36.3 %), complete response in 71 (31.4 %) and stabilization in 11 (4.9 %). A total of 58 (26.5 %) patients had adverse effects, which in 11 (4.9 %) were severe. The median (IQR) cost per patient was 2,943.07 (541.95,872.54). Conclusions: There was a high variability of off-label medicines and indications. Although the clinical evidence of off-label medicines was often low, clinical response was observed in many patients with previous multiple treatment failure, but at the expense of some adverse effects and a high cost. Registers of patients would be helpful for clinical decisions, although clinical trials are needed
Quantum coherent control of highly multipartite continuous-variable entangled states by tailoring parametric interactions
The generation of continuous-variable multipartite entangled states is
important for several protocols of quantum information processing and
communication, such as one-way quantum computation or controlled dense coding.
In this article we theoretically show that multimode optical parametric
oscillators can produce a great variety of such states by an appropriate
control of the parametric interaction, what we accomplish by tailoring either
the spatio-temporal shape of the pump, or the geometry of the nonlinear medium.
Specific examples involving currently available optical parametric oscillators
are given, hence showing that our ideas are within reach of present technology.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Size-Selected Ag Nanoparticles with Five-Fold Symmetry
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the inert gas aggregation technique. We found the optimal experimental conditions to synthesize nanoparticles at different sizes: 1.3 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.3, 2.5 ± 0.4, 3.7 ± 0.4, 4.5 ± 0.9, and 5.5 ± 0.3 nm. We were able to investigate the dependence of the size of the nanoparticles on the synthesis parameters. Our data suggest that the aggregation of clusters (dimers, trimer, etc.) into the active zone of the nanocluster source is the predominant physical mechanism for the formation of the nanoparticles. Our experiments were carried out in conditions that kept the density of nanoparticles low, and the formation of larges nanoparticles by coalescence processes was avoided. In order to preserve the structural and morphological properties, the impact energy of the clusters landing into the substrate was controlled, such that the acceleration energy of the nanoparticles was around 0.1 eV/atom, assuring a soft landing deposition. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images showed that the nanoparticles were icosahedral in shape, preferentially oriented with a five-fold axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. Our results show that the synthesis by inert gas aggregation technique is a very promising alternative to produce metal nanoparticles when the control of both size and shape are critical for the development of practical applications
CPEB alteration and aberrant transcriptome-polyadenylation lead to a treatable SLC19A3 deficiency in Huntington's disease
Huntingtonâs disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder of the basal ganglia for which disease-modifying treatments are not yet available. Although gene-silencing therapies are currently being tested, further molecular mechanisms must be explored to identify druggable targets for HD. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins 1 to 4 (CPEB1 to CPEB4) are RNA binding proteins that repress or activate translation of CPE-containing transcripts by shortening or elongating their poly(A) tail. Here, we found increased CPEB1 and decreased CPEB4 protein in the striatum of patients and mouse models with HD. This correlated with a reprogramming of polyadenylation in 17.3% of the transcriptome, markedly affecting neurodegeneration-associated genes including PSEN1, MAPT, SNCA, LRRK2, PINK1, DJ1, SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and HTT and suggesting a new molecular mechanism in neurodegenerative disease etiology. We found decreased protein content of top deadenylated transcripts, including striatal atrophyâlinked genes not previously related to HD, such as KTN1 and the easily druggable SLC19A3 (the ThTr2 thiamine transporter). Mutations in SLC19A3 cause biotin-thiamineâresponsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD), a striatal disorder that can be treated with a combination of biotin and thiamine. Similar to patients with BTBGD, patients with HD demonstrated decreased thiamine in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, patients and mice with HD showed decreased striatal concentrations of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the metabolically active form of thiamine. High-dose biotin and thiamine treatment prevented TPP deficiency in HD mice and attenuated the radiological, neuropathological, and motor HD-like phenotypes, revealing an easily implementable therapy that might benefit patients with HD
Ultra low background Micromegas detectors for BabyIAXO solar axion search
The International AXion Observatory (IAXO) is a large scale axion helioscope
that will look for axions and axion-like particles produced in the Sun with
unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is an intermediate experimental stage that
will be hosted at DESY (Germany) and that will test all IAXO subsystems serving
as a prototype for IAXO but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with
potential for discovery.
One of the crucial components of the project is the ultra-low background
X-ray detectors that will image the X-ray photons produced by axion conversion
in the experiment. The baseline detection technology for this purpose are
Micromegas (Microbulk) detectors. We will show the quest and the strategy to
attain the very challenging levels of background targeted for BabyIAXO that
need a multi-approach strategy coming from ground measurements, screening
campaigns of components of the detector, underground measurements, background
models, in-situ background measurements as well as powerful rejection
algorithms. First results from the commissioning of the BabyIAXO prototype will
be shown.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted for the proceedings of the
International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors, December 2022,
Israe
Measurement of Ï c1 and Ï c2 production with sâ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS
The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the Ï c1 and Ï c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at sâ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fbâ1 of integrated luminosity. The Ï c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay Ï c â J/ÏÎł (with J/Ï â ÎŒ + ÎŒ â) where photons are reconstructed from Îł â e + e â conversions. The production rate of the Ï c2 state relative to the Ï c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt Ï c as a function of J/Ï transverse momentum. The prompt Ï c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/Ï production to derive the fraction of prompt J/Ï produced in feed-down from Ï c decays. The fractions of Ï c1 and Ï c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in âs = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fbâ1 of protonâproton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in âsNN=5.02ââTeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (ÎÏ) and pseudorapidity (Îη) are measured in âsNN=5.02ââTeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1ââÎŒb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ÎŁETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Îη|<5) ânear-sideâ (ÎÏâŒ0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ÎŁETPb. A long-range âaway-sideâ (ÎÏâŒÏ) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ÎŁETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Îη and ÎÏ) and ÎŁETPb dependence. The resultant ÎÏ correlation is approximately symmetric about Ï/2, and is consistent with a dominant cosâĄ2ÎÏ modulation for all ÎŁETPb ranges and particle pT
- âŠ