22 research outputs found
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Jaffar
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi Madineh Akram
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abdurehman Ame Mehadi
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Armita
- Abegaz Tadesse M
- Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel
- Abhilash E S
- Abiodun Olugbenga Olusola
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abrigo Michael R M
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Acuna Juan Manuel
- Adair Tim
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Adebayo Oladimeji M
- Adegboye Oyelola A
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Aden Bashir
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Adha Rishan
- Adibi Amin
- Adikusuma Wirawan
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afework Abel
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afraz Ali
- Afyouni Shadi
- Afzal Saira
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agodi Antonella
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmadzade Mohadese
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Aji Budi
- Ajumobi Olufemi
- Akalu Gizachew Taddesse
- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akkala Sreelatha
- Akyirem Samuel
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al Homsi Ammar
- Al Qadire Mohammad
- AL-Ahdal Tareq Mohammed Ali
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Jumaily Adel
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Ala Moein
- Aladelusi Timothy Olukunle
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Manjurul
- Alam Zufishan
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Akhtar
- Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir
- Ali Hassam
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Ali Zahid
- Alian Samakkhah Shohreh
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Aligol Mohammad
- Alimi Rasoul
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almahmeed Wael
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Almidani Omar
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Alonso Nivaldo
- Alqahtani Jaber S
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Altaf Awais
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Alvi Farrukh Jawad
- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Hany
- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amhare Abebe Feyissa
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Aminian Dehkordi Javad
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amu Hubert
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Amzat Jimoh
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angappan Dhanalakshmi
- Anil Abhishek
- Anjum Afifa
- Antony Catherine M
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anuoluwa Iyadunni Adesola
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Aqeel Muhammad
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arabzadeh Bahri Razman
- Arafat Mosab
- Araújo Ana Margarida
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Aremu Abdulfatai
- Ariffin Hany
- Aripov Timur
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Artanti Kurnia Dwi
- Arulappan Judie
- Aruleba Idowu Thomas
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asaad Malke
- Asgary Saeed
- Ashemo Mubarek Yesse
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Asika Marvellous O
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Attia Sameh
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awotidebe Adedapo Wasiu
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Ayele Getnet Melaku
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azhar Gulrez Shah
- Aziz Shahkaar
- Azzam Ahmed Y
- Babashahi Mina
- Babu Abraham Samuel
- Badar Muhammad
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D
- Baghdadi Soroush
- Bagheri Nasser
- Bagherieh Sara
- Bah Sulaiman
- Bahadorikhalili Saeed
- Bai Jianjun
- Bai Ruhai
- Baker Jennifer L
- Bakkannavar Shankar M
- Bako Abdulaziz T
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balogun Saliu A
- Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin
- Bam Kiran
- Banach Maciej
- Bandyopadhyay Soham
- Banik Biswajit
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bansal Hansi
- Barati Shirin
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barone-Adesi Francesco
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barr Ronald D
- Barrero Lope H
- Basharat Zarrin
- Bashir Asma'u I J
- Bashiru Hameed Akande
- Baskaran Pritish
- Basnyat Buddha
- Bassat Quique
- Basso João Diogo
- Basu Saurav
- Batra Kavita
- Batra Ravi
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayati Mohsen
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Beaney Thomas
- Bedi Neeraj
- Begum Tahmina
- Behboudi Emad
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
- Beiranvand Maryam
- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
- Belgaumi Uzma Iqbal
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Aminu K
- Bello Muhammad Bashir
- Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja
- Belo Luis
- Beloukas Apostolos
- Bendak Salaheddine
- Bennett Derrick A
- Bensenor Isabela M
- Benzian Habib
- Berezvai Zombor
- Berman Adam E
- Bermudez Amiel Nazer C
- Bettencourt Paulo J G
- Beyene Habtamu B
- Beyene Kebede A
- Bhagat Devidas S
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhardwaj Nikha
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhardwaj Prarthna V
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet S
- Bhatti Rajbir
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bikbov Boris
- Binmadi Nada
- Bintoro Bagas Suryo
- Biondi Antonio
- Bisignano Catherine
- Bisulli Francesca
- Biswas Atanu
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitaraf Saeid
- Bjørge Tone
- Bleyer Archie
- Boampong Mary Sefa
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
- Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi
- Bonakdar Hashemi Milad
- Bonny Aime
- Bora Basara Berrak
- Bora Kaustubh
- Borodo Safiya Bala
- Borschmann Rohan
- Botero Carvajal Alejandro
- Bouaoud Souad
- Boudalia Sofiane
- Boyko Edward J
- Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brenner Hermann
- Britton Gabrielle
- Browne Annie J
- Brunoni Andre R
- Bulamu Norma B
- Bulto Lemma N
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burkart Katrin
- Burns Richard A
- Burugina Nagaraja Sharath
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Zahid A
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Cai Tianji
- Calina Daniela
- Campos Luciana Aparecida
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R
- Cao Chao
- Cardenas Carlos Alberto
- Carr Sinclair
- Carreras Giulia
- Carrero Juan J
- Carugno Andrea
- Carvalho Felix
- Carvalho Márcia
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Catalá-López Ferrán
- Catapano Alberico L
- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
- Caye Arthur
- Cámera Luis Alberto
- Cárdenas Rosario
- Cederroth Christopher R
- Cembranel Francieli
- Cenderadewi Muthia
- Cercy Kelly M
- Cerin Ester
- Cevik Muge
- Chacón-Uscamaita Pamela R Uscamaita
- Chahine Yaacoub
- Chakraborty Chiranjib
- Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai
- Chang Chin-Kuo
- Charalampous Periklis
- Charan Jaykaran
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria
- Chavula Malizgani Paul
- Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad
- Chen An-Tian
- Chen Haowei
- Chen Lingxiao
- Chen Meng Xuan
- Chen Simiao
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Chew Derek S
- Chi Gerald
- Chirinos-Caceres Jesus Lorenzo
- Chitheer Abdulaal
- Cho So Mi Jemma
- Cho William C S
- Chong Bryan
- Chopra Hitesh
- Choudhary Rahul
- Chowdhury Rajiv
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Chukwu Isaac Sunday
- Chung Eric
- Chung Eunice
- Chung Sheng-Chia
- Cini Karly I
- Clark Cain C T
- Coberly Kaleb
- Columbus Alyssa
- Comfort Haley
- Conde Joao
- Conti Sara
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Costa Vera Marisa
- Cousin Ewerton
- Cowden Richard G
- Criqui Michael H
- Cruz-Martins Natália
- Culbreth Garland T
- Cullen Patricia
- Cunningham Matthew
- D'Amico Emanuele
- da Silva e Silva Daniel
- Dadana Sriharsha
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Zhaoli
- Dalal Koustuv
- Dalli Lachlan L
- Damiani Giovanni
- Daneshvar Sara
- Darwesh Aso Mohammad
- Das Jai K
- Das Saswati
- Dash Nihar Ranjan
- Dashti Mohsen
- Davis Weaver Nicole
- Davletov Kairat
- Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
- De Leo Diego
- Debele Aklilu Tamire
- Degenhardt Louisa
- Dehbandi Reza
- Deitesfeld Lee
- Delgado-Enciso Ivan
- Delgado-Ortiz Laura
- Demant Daniel
- Demessa Berecha Hundessa
- Demetriades Andreas K
- Deng Xinlei
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Deribe Kebede
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Des Jarlais Don C
- Desai Hardik Dineshbhai
- Desai Rupak
- Deuba Keshab
- Devanbu Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
- Dey Sourav
- Dhali Arkadeep
- Dhama Kuldeep
- Dhimal Mandira Lamichhane
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Dhingra Sameer
- Dias da Silva Diana
- Diaz Daniel
- Dima Adriana
- Ding Delaney D
- Dirac M Ashworth
- Dixit Abhinav
- Dixit Shilpi Gupta
- do Prado Camila Bruneli
- Do Thanh Chi
- Do Thao Huynh Phuong
- Dodangeh Masoud
- Dokova Klara Georgieva
- Dolecek Christiane
- Dorsey E Ray
- dos Santos Wendel Mombaque
- Doshi Rajkumar
- Doshmangir Leila
- Douiri Abdel
- Dowou Robert Kokou
- Driscoll Tim Robert
- Dsouza Haneil Larson
- Dube John
- Dumith Samuel C
- Dunachie Susanna J
- Duncan Bruce B
- Duraes Andre Rodrigues
- Duraisamy Senbagam
- Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher
- Dutta Sulagna
- Dzianach Paulina Agnieszka
- Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian
- Ebenezer Oluwakemi
- Eboreime Ejemai
- Ebrahimi Alireza
- Echieh Chidiebere Peter
- Ed-Dra Abdelaziz
- Edinur Hisham Atan
- Edvardsson David
- Edvardsson Kristina
- Efendi Defi
- Efendi Ferry
- Eghdami Shayan
- Eikemo Terje Andreas
- Eini Ebrahim
- Ekholuenetale Michael
- Ekpor Emmanuel
- Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus
- El Arab Rabie Adel
- El Morsi Doaa Abdel Wahab
- El Sayed Zaki Maysaa
- El Tantawi Maha
- Elbarazi Iffat
- Elemam Noha Mousaad
- Elgar Frank J
- Elgendy Islam Y
- ElGohary Ghada Metwally Tawfik
- Elhabashy Hala Rashad
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
- Elshaer Mohammed
- Elsohaby Ibrahim
- Emami Zeydi Amir
- Emamverdi Mehdi
- Emeto Theophilus I
- Engelbert Bain Luchuo
- Erkhembayar Ryenchindorj
- Eshetie Tesfahun C
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- Espinosa-Montero Juan
- Estep Kara
- Etaee Farshid
- Eze Ugochukwu Anthony
- Fabin Natalia
- Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun
- Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis
- Fahimi Saman
- Falzone Luca
- Farinha Carla Sofia e Sá
- Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
- Farjoud Kouhanjani Mohsen
- Faro Andre
- Farrokhpour Hossein
- Fatehizadeh Ali
- Fattahi Hamed
- Fauk Nelsensius Klau
- Fazeli Pooria
- Feigin Valery L
- Fekadu Ginenus
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Feroze Abdullah Hamid
- Ferrante Daniela
- Ferrara Pietro
- Ferreira Nuno
- Fetensa Getahun
- Filip Irina
- Fischer Florian
- Flavel Joanne
- Flaxman Abraham D
- Flor Luisa S
- Florin Bobirca Teodor
- Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin
- Foley Kristen Marie
- Fomenkov Artem Alekseevich
- Force Lisa M
- Fornari Carla
- Foroutan Behzad
- Foschi Matteo
- Francis Kate Louise
- Franklin Richard Charles
- Freitas Alberto
- Friedman Joseph
- Friedman Sara D
- Fukumoto Takeshi
- Fuller John E
- Gaal Peter Andras
- Gadanya Muktar A
- Gaihre Santosh
- Gaipov Abduzhappar
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Galali Yaseen
- Galehdar Nasrin
- Gallus Silvano
- Gan Quan
- Gandhi Aravind P
- Ganesan Balasankar
- Garg Jalaj
- Gau Shuo-Yan
- Gautam Prem
- Gautam Rupesh K
- Gazzelloni Federica
- Gebregergis Miglas W
- Gebrehiwot Mesfin
- Gebremariam Tesfay Brhane
- Gerema Urge
- Getachew Motuma Erena
- Getachew Tamirat
- Gething Peter W
- Ghafourifard Mansour
- Ghahramani Sulmaz
- Ghailan Khalid Yaser
- Ghajar Alireza
- Ghanbarnia Mohammad Javad
- Ghasemi MohammadReza
- Ghasemzadeh Afsaneh
- Ghassemi Fariba
- Ghazy Ramy Mohamed
- Ghimire Sailaja
- Gholamian Asadollah
- Gholamrezanezhad Ali
- Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan
- Ghozali Ghozali
- Ghozy Sherief
- Ghuge Arun Digambarrao
- Gialluisi Alessandro
- Gibson Ruth Margaret
- Gil Artyom Urievich
- Gill Paramjit Singh
- Gill Tiffany K
- Gillum Richard F
- Ginindza Themba G
- Girmay Alem
- Glasbey James C
- Gnedovskaya Elena V
- Goel Amit
- Goldust Mohamad
- Golechha Mahaveer
- Goleij Pouya
- Golestanfar Arefeh
- Golinelli Davide
- Gona Philimon N
- Goudarzi Houman
- Goudarzian Amir Hossein
- Goyal Anmol
- Göbölös Laszlo
- Greenhalgh Scott
- Grivna Michal
- Guarducci Giovanni
- Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
- Gudeta Mesay Dechasa
- Guha Avirup
- Guicciardi Stefano
- Gunawardane Damitha Asanga
- Gunturu Sasidhar
- Guo Cui
- Gupta Anish Kumar
- Gupta Bhawna
- Gupta Indarchand Ratanlal
- Gupta Rajat Das
- Gupta Sapna
- Gupta Veer Bala
- Gupta Vijai Kumar
- Gupta Vivek Kumar
- Gutiérrez Reyna Alma
- Habibzadeh Farrokh
- Habibzadeh Parham
- Hachinski Vladimir
- Haddadi Mohammad
- Haddadi Rasool
- Haep Nils
- Hajj Ali Adel
- Halboub Esam S
- Halim Sobia Ahsan
- Hall Brian J
- Haller Sebastian
- Halwani Rabih
- Hamadeh Randah R
- Hamagharib Abdullah Kanaan
- Hamidi Samer
- Hamiduzzaman Mohammad
- Hammoud Ahmad
- Hanifi Nasrin
- Hankey Graeme J
- Hannan Md Abdul
- Haque Md Nuruzzaman
- Harapan Harapan
- Haro Josep Maria
- Hasaballah Ahmed I
- Hasan Faizul
- Hasan Ikramul
- Hasan M Tasdik
- Hasani Hamidreza
- Hasanian Mohammad
- Hasanpour- Dehkordi Ali
- Hassan Abbas M
- Hassan Amr
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- Hassanipour Soheil
- Haubold Johannes
- Havmoeller Rasmus J
- Hay Simon I
- Hbid Youssef
- Hebert Jeffrey J
- Hegazi Omar E
- Heidari Golnaz
- Heidari Mohammad
- Heidari-Foroozan Mahsa
- Heidari-Soureshjani Reza
- Helfer Bartosz
- Herteliu Claudiu
- Hesami Hamed
- Hettiarachchi Dineshani
- Heyi Demisu Zenbaba
- Hezam Kamal
- Hiraike Yuta
- Hoffman Howard J
- Holla Ramesh
- Horita Nobuyuki
- Hossain Md Belal
- Hossain Md Mahbub
- Hossain Sahadat
- Hosseini Mohammad-Salar
- Hosseinzadeh Hassan
- Hosseinzadeh Mehdi
- Hostiuc Mihaela
- Hostiuc Sorin
- Hsairi Mohamed
- Hsieh Vivian Chia-rong
- Hu Chengxi
- Huang Junjie
- Huda Md Nazmul
- Hugo Fernando N
- Hultström Michael
- Hussain Javid
- Hussain Salman
- Hussein Nawfal R
- Huy Le Duc
- Huynh Hong-Han
- Hwang Bing-Fang
- Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel
- Idowu Oluwatope Olaniyi
- Ijo Desta
- Ikuta Kevin S
- Ilaghi Mehran
- Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen
- Ilic Irena M
- Ilic Milena D
- Immurana Mustapha
- Inbaraj Leeberk Raja
- Iradukunda Arnaud
- Iravanpour Farideh
- Iregbu Kenneth Chukwuemeka
- Islam Md Rabiul
- Islam Mohammad Mainul
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Islami Farhad
- Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah
- Isola Gaetano
- Iwagami Masao
- Iwu Chidozie C D
- Iwu-Jaja Chinwe Juliana
- Iyer Mahalaxmi
- J Linda Merin
- Jaafari Jalil
- Jacob Louis
- Jacobsen Kathryn H
- Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad
- Jafarinia Morteza
- Jaggi Khushleen
- Jahankhani Kasra
- Jahanmehr Nader
- Jahrami Haitham
- Jain Akhil
- Jain Nityanand
- Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- Jalilzadeh Yengejeh Reza
- Jamshidi Elham
- Jani Chinmay T
- Janko Mark M
- Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim
- Jayapal Sathish Kumar
- Jayaram Shubha
- Jeganathan Jayakumar
- Jema Alelign Tasew
- Jemere Digisie Mequanint
- Jeong Wonjeong
- Jha Anil K
- Jha Ravi Prakash
- Ji John S
- Jiang Heng
- Jin Yingzhao
- Jin Yinzi
- Johnson Olatunji
- Jomehzadeh Nabi
- Jones Darwin Phan
- Joo Tamas
- Joseph Abel
- Joseph Nitin
- Joshua Charity Ehimwenma
- Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy
- Jürisson Mikk
- Kaambwa Billingsley
- Kabir Ali
- Kabir Hannaneh
- Kabir Zubair
- Kadashetti Vidya
- Kahe Farima
- Kakodkar Pradnya Vishal
- Kalani Rizwan
- Kalankesh Leila R
- Kaliyadan Feroze
- Kalra Sanjay
- Kamath Ashwin
- Kamireddy Arun
- Kanagasabai Thanigaivelan
- Kandel Himal
- Kanmiki Edmund Wedam
- Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem
- Kantar Rami S
- Kapoor Neeti
- Karajizadeh Mehrdad
- Karami Matin Behzad
- Karanth Shama D
- Karaye Ibraheem M
- Karim Asima
- Karimi Behnagh Arman
- Karimi Hanie
- Karimi Salah Eddin
- Karkhah Samad
- Karna Ajit K
- Kashoo Faizan Zaffar
- Kasraei Hengameh
- Kassaw Nigussie Assefa
- Kassebaum Nicholas J
- Kassel Molly B
- Katamreddy Adarsh
- Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal
- Katoto Patrick DMC
- Kauppila Joonas H
- Kaur Navjot
- Kaydi Neda
- Kayibanda Jeanne Françoise
- Kayode Gbenga A
- Kazemi Foad
- Kazemian Sina
- Kazeminia sara
- Keikavoosi-Arani Leila
- Keller Cathleen
- Kempen John H
- Kerr Jessica A
- Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
- Keykhaei Mohammad
- Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi
- Khadembashiri Mohammad Amin
- Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif
- Khajuria Himanshu
- Khalafi Mohammad
- Khalaji Amirmohammad
- Khalid Nauman
- Khalil Ibrahim A
- Khamesipour Faham
- Khan suheb Mahammed Ziauddin
- Khan Asaduzzaman
- Khan Gulfaraz
- Khan Ikramullah
- Khan Imteyaz A
- Khan Maseer
- Khan Moien AB
- Khan Taimoor
- Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh
- Khatab Khaled
- Khatami Fatemeh
- Khavandegar Armin
- Khayat Kashani Hamid Reza
- Kheirallah Khalid A
- Khidri Feriha Fatima
- Khodadoust Elaheh
- Khormali Moein
- Khosrowjerdi Mahmood
- Khubchandani Jagdish
- Khusun Helda
- Kifle Zemene Demelash
- Kim Grace
- Kim Jihee
- Kimokoti Ruth W
- Kinzel Kasey E
- Kiross Girmay Tsegay
- Kisa Adnan
- Kisa Sezer
- Kiss Juniper Boroka
- Kivimäki Mika
- Klu Desmond
- Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo
- Kolahi Ali-Asghar
- Kompani Farzad
- Koren Gerbrand
- Kosen Soewarta
- Kostev Karel
- Kotnis Ashwin Laxmikant
- Koul Parvaiz A
- Koulmane Laxminarayana Sindhura Lakshmi
- Koyanagi Ai
- Kravchenko Michael A
- Krishan Kewal
- Krishna Hare
- Krishnamoorthy Vijay
- Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj
- Krohn Kris J
- Kuate Defo Barthelemy
- Kubeisy Connor M
- Kucuk Bicer Burcu
- Kuddus Md Abdul
- Kuddus Mohammed
- Kuitunen Ilari
- Kujan Omar
- Kulimbet Mukhtar
- Kulkarni Vishnutheertha
- Kumar Ashish
- Kumar Harish
- Kumar Nithin
- Kumar Rahul
- Kumar Shiv
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- Zhai Chunxia
- Zhang Chen
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Hongwei
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhaofeng
- Zhang Zhenyu
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhao Yang
- Zhao Yong
- Zheng Peng
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Zhaohua
- Ziaeefar Pardis
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic
Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
- Author
- A Gordon Robertson
- Abdullah Kahraman
- Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Adam A Margolin
- Adam Abeshouse
- Adam Grundhoff
- Adam J Struck
- Adam J Struck
- Adam J Wright
- Adam Lambert
- Adam P Butler
- Adam P Butler
- Adel El-Naggar
- Adnan M Nagrial
- Adrian Ally
- Adrian Baez-Ortega
- Adrian Thorogood
- Adriana Salcedo
- Adrienne M Flanagan
- Ake Borg
- Akihiro Fujimoto
- Akihiro Suzuki
- Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Alain Viari
- Alan J Robertson
- Alan P Hoyle
- Alan Thompson
- Alasdair Stenhouse
- Alastair M Thompson
- Aldo Scarpa
- Alessandro Pastore
- Alex Buchanan
- Alex Buchanan
- Alexander Claviez
- Alexander J Lazar
- Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
- Alfonso Muñoz
- Alfonso Valencia
- Aliaksei Z Holik
- Alice Meng
- Alicia L Bruzos
- Allison Creason
- Allison P Heath
- Alvin Wei Tian Ng
- Alvis Brazma
- Amaro Taylor-Weiner
- Amber L Johns
- Amie Radenbaugh
- Amit G Deshwar
- Ana Dueso-Barroso
- Ana Mijalkovic Mijalkovic-Lazic
- Ana Milovanovic
- Ana Milovanovic
- Andre Kahles
- Andrea Haake
- Andrea Holbrook
- Andrea L Richardson
- Andrea Mafficini
- Andrea Ruzzenente
- Andreas Behren
- Andreas Rosenwald
- Andreia V Pinho
- Andrew Berchuck
- Andrew D Cherniack
- Andrew J Dunford
- Andrew J Mungall
- Andrew J Spillane
- Andrew Menzies
- Andrew Menzies
- Andrew P Barbour
- Andrew Tutt
- Andrew V Biankin
- Andrey Korshunov
- Andrés Lanzós
- Andy Cafferkey
- Andy G Lynch
- Angela Chou
- Angela N Brooks
- Angela Tam
- Angelica Ochoa
- Angelika N Christ
- Angelo P Dei Tos
- Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Anil K Sood
- Anita Langerød
- Anja Füllgrabe
- Anke K Bergmann
- Ann-Marie Patch
- Anna deFazio
- Anna Ehinger
- Anna Fitzgerald
- Anne Hamilton
- Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Anne Y Warren
- Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Annegien Broeks
- Anthony DiBiase
- Anthony J Gill
- Anthony Ng
- Anthony R Green
- Antonia L Pritchard
- Antonio Pea
- Antonios Koures
- Aparna Prasad
- Apurva M Hegde
- Aquila Fatima
- Arcadi Navarro
- Arie B Brinkman
- Arif O Harmanci
- Arindam Maitra
- Armando Lopez-Guillermo
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- Arnoud Boot
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- Aurélien Chateigner
- Austin J Hepperla
- Axel Aretz
- Aya Sasaki-Oku
- Ayellet V Segre
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- Carolien H M van Deurzen
- Carolyn M Hutter
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- Chen Hong
- Chen Ye
- Cheng-Zhong Zhang
- Chin-Lee Wu
- Chip Stewart
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- Cinzia Cantù
- Ciyue Shen
- Claes Wadelius
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- Clarissa Gerhauser
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- Ekta Khurana
- Elaine R Mardis
- Electron Kebebew
- Elena Piñeiro-Yáñez
- Elena Provenzano
- Elias Campo
- Elisabet Barrera
- Elisabetta Sereni
- Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Elizabeth L Appelbaum
- Elizabeth L Christie
- Elli Papaemmanuil
- Ellrott Kyle
- Emilie Lalonde
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- Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Hilda A Pickett
- Hirofumi Rokutan
- Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Hiroki Yamaue
- Hiroko Tanaka
- Hiromi Nakamura
- Hiroshi Aikata
- Hiroto Katoh
- Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Hitoshi Katai
- Hitoshi Nakagama
- Hojabr Kakavand
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- Holmfridur Hilmarsdottir
- Hong Su
- Hong Xue
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- Hongwei Zhang
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- Huanming Yang
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- Irene Papatheodorou
- Irinel Popescu
- Iris Pauporté
- Iris Selander
- Isabelle Treilleux
- Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
- Ivan Borozan
- Ivana Cataldo
- Ivica Letunic
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- James G Kench
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- Janae V Simons
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- Jenna Eagles
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- Jeong-Yeon Lee
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- Ji Wan Park
- Jia Liu
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- Jianhong Hu
- Jianjiong Gao
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- Jihoon Kim
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- Johan Staaf
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- Jonas Demeulemeester
- Jonathan Barenboim
- Jonathan Cebon
- Jonathan D Kay
- Jonathan Göke
- Jonathan Hinton
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- Jonathan Nicholson
- Jonathan R Stretch
- Jonathan Spring
- Jonathan Warrell
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- Joong-Won Park
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- Kiyo Shimizu
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- Kortine Kleinheinz
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- Kristian Cibulskis
- Kuan-Lin Huang
- Kui Wu
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- Kwun M Fong
- Kyle Covington
- Kyle Covington
- Kyle Ellrott
- Kyle Ellrott
- Kyle Ellrott
- L Van't Veer
- Lara Jerman
- Lara Urban
- Lars Feuerbach
- Larsson Omberg
- Laura Planko
- Laurence B Lovat
- Laurent Arnould
- Lauri A Aaltonen
- Lawrence E Heisler
- Layla Oesper
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- Lei Song
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- Leonidas Salichos
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- Liangtao Zheng
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- Liis Uusküla-Reimand
- Liliana Greger
- Liming Yang
- Lin Li
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- Lina Wadi
- Lincoln D Stein
- Linda Mileshkin
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- LiRehan Akbani
- Lisa Lype
- Lisa Mirabello
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- Lixing Yang
- Lora Lewis
- Lorenz H P Trümper
- Loretta M S Lau
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- Marek Cmero
- Maria Elisabeth Goebler
- Maria Keays
- Maria O'Donovan
- Maria Scardoni
- Maria Vittoria Davi
- Marie-Laure Yaspo
- Marina Pajic
- Mario Berrios
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- Marius Rohde
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- Martin L Ferguson
- Martin Peifer
- Mary J Goldman
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- Winghing Wong
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- Xiaoping Su
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- Xiaotong Yao
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- Xingmin Liu
- Xinyue Li
- Xiuqing Zhang
- Xiuqing Zheng
- Xose S Puente
- Xuan Le
- Xuanping Zhang
- Xuemei Luo
- Xueqing Zou
- Yan Shi
- Yan Zhang
- Yang Wu
- Yang Yang
- Yann Joly
- Yanxun Xu
- Yao He
- Yasin Senbabaoglu
- Yassen Assenov
- Yasser Riazalhosseini
- Yasuhito Arai
- Yasushi Rino
- Yasushi Totoki
- Yeng Ang
- Yi Huang
- Yi Huang
- Yifei Men
- Yiling Lu
- Yilong Li
- Yingyan Yu
- Yiwen Chen
- Yogesh Kumar
- Yogesh Kumar
- Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Yong Hou
- Yong Zhou
- Yong-Jie Lu
- Yongzhan Nie
- Yosef E Maruvka
- Yosef E Maruvka
- Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Young Seok Ju
- Youngchoon Woo
- Youngil Koh
- Youngwook Kim
- Youyong Lu
- Yu Fan
- Yu Fan
- Yu Fan
- Yu-Jia Shiah
- Yuan Ji
- Yuan Yuan
- Yuichi Shiraishi
- Yulia Newton
- Yulia Rubanova
- Yumeng Wang
- Yupeng Cun
- Yussanne Ma
- Zachary Heins
- Zechen Chong
- Zechen Chong
- Zemin Zhang
- Zhaohong Chen
- Zhenggang Wu
- Zhenggang Wu
- Zhining Wang
- Zhongming Zhao
- Ziao Lin
- Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Ólafur Andri Stefánsson
- Øystein Garred
- Publication venue
- Nature Communications
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts
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- Aali Amirali
- Ababneh Hazim S
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdulah Deldar Morad
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abebe Samrawit Shawel
- Abedi Aidin
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abhilash E S
- Abidi Hassan
- Abiodun Olumide
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abolmaali Meysam
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Aboye Girma Beressa
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abualruz Hasan
- Abubakar Bilyaminu
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Adal Tadele Girum
- Adamu Abdu A
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adetunji Juliana Bunmi
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyinka Daniel Adedayo
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Admass Biruk Adie Adie
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afzal Muhammad Sohail
- Afzal Saira
- Agampodi Suneth Buddhika
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aggarwal Manik
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agide Feleke Doyore
- Agodi Antonella
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Sajjad
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Mehrunnisha Sharif
- Ahmed Meqdad Saleh
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
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- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akbarialiabad Hossein
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- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Alahdab Fares
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alalwan Tariq A
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Manjurul
- Alam Noore
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M
- Albakri Almaza
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Aldawsari Khalifah A
- Aldhaleei Wafa A
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alema Haileselasie Berhane
- Alemayohu Mulubirhan Assefa
- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Amjad
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- Ali Rafat
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- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Alikhani Reyhaneh
- Alimohamadi Yousef
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljasir Mohammad A M
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Almidani Louay
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- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Alonso Jordi
- Alqahtani Jaber S
- Alqalyoobi Shehabaldin
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Altaany Zaid
- Altaf Awais
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Aluh Deborah Oyine
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Hany
- Aly Safwat
- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amani Reza
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Amegbor Prince M
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amirzade-Iranaq Mohammad Hosein
- Amu Hubert
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson David B
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
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- Anil Abhishek
- Anil Sneha
- Anoushiravani Amir
- Ansari Hossein
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Ansariadi Ansariadi
- Antony Catherine M
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anvari Saeid
- Anwar Saleha
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anwer Razique
- Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward
- Aqeel Muhammad
- Arab Juan Pablo
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arafat Mosab
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Areda Demelash
- Aremu Abdulfatai
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariffin Hany
- Arkew Mesay
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arndt Michael Benjamin
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Arulappan Judie
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asaad Malke
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- Aslani Armin
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- Athar Mohammad
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atinafu Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye
- Atlaw Habtamu Wondmagegn
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
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- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
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- Awedew Atalel Fentahun
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- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayatollahi Haleh
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azevedo Rui M S
- Azzam Ahmed Y
- B Darshan B
- Babu Abraham Samuel
- Badar Muhammad
- Badiye Ashish D
- Baghdadi Soroush
- Bagheri Nasser
- Bagherieh Sara
- Bah Sulaiman
- Bahadorikhalili Saeed
- Bahmanziari Najmeh
- Bai Ruhai
- Baig Atif Amin
- Baker Jennifer L
- Bako Abdulaziz T
- Bakshi Ravleen Kaur
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balasubramanian Madhan
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- Barua Lingkan
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- Basnyat Buddha
- Bassat Quique
- Basso João Diogo
- Basting Ann V L
- Basu Sanjay
- Batra Kavita
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayati Mohsen
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Beaney Thomas
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Massimiliano
- Behboudi Emad
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- Behzadifar Masoud
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- Belay Sefealem Assefa
- Belete Chalie Mulu
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Muhammad Bashir
- Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja
- Belo Luis
- Beloukas Apostolos
- Bender Rose Grace
- Bensenor Isabela M
- Beran Azizullah
- Berezvai Zombor
- Berhie Alemshet Yirga
- Berice Betyna N
- Bernstein Robert S
- Bertolacci Gregory J
- Bettencourt Paulo J G
- Beyene Kebede A
- Bhagat Devidas S
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhalla Ashish
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- Bhangdia Kayleigh
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- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
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- Bisignano Catherine
- Bisulli Francesca
- Biswas Atanu
- Biswas Bijit
- Bitaraf Saeid
- Bitew Bikes Destaw
- Bitra Veera R
- Bjørge Tone
- Boachie Micheal Kofi
- Boampong Mary Sefa
- Bobirca Anca Vasilica
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
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- Boyko Edward J
- Brady Oliver J
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brant Luisa C
- Brauer Michael
- Brazinova Alexandra
- Brazo-Sayavera Javier
- Breitborde Nicholas J K
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle
- Brown Julie
- Brugha Traolach
- Bulamu Norma B
- Bulto Lemma N
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burns Richard A
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Nadeem Shafique
- Butt Zahid A
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
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- Calina Daniela
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- Negru Serban Mircea
- Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
- Nejjari Chakib
- Nena Evangelia
- Nepal Samata
- Ng Marie
- Nggada Haruna Asura
- Nguefack-Tsague Georges
- Ngunjiri Josephine W
- Nguyen Anh Hoang
- Nguyen Dang H
- Nguyen Hau Thi Hien
- Nguyen Phat Tuan
- Nguyen Van Thanh
- Niazi Robina Khan
- Nielsen Katie R
- Nigatu Yeshambel T
- Nikolouzakis Taxiarchis Konstantinos
- Nikoobar Ali
- Nikoomanesh Fatemeh
- Nikpoor Amin Reza
- Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini
- Nnaji Chukwudi A
- Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles
- Noman Efaq Ali
- Nomura Shuhei
- Noreen Mamoona
- Noroozi Nafise
- Norrving Bo
- Noubiap Jean Jacques
- Novotney Amanda
- Nri-Ezedi Chisom Adaobi
- Ntaios George
- Ntsekhe Mpiko
- Nurrika Dieta
- Nutor Jerry John
- Nuñez-Samudio Virginia
- O'Donnell Martin James
- Oancea Bogdan
- Obamiro Kehinde O
- Oboh Mary Aigbiremo
- Odetokun Ismail A
- Odogwu Nkechi Martina
- Oduro Michael Safo
- Ofakunrin Akinyemi O D
- Ogunkoya Abiola
- Oguntade Ayodipupo Sikiru
- Oh In-Hwan
- Okati-Aliabad Hassan
- Okeke Sylvester Reuben
- Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul
- Okonji Osaretin Christabel
- Olagunju Andrew T
- Olaiya Muideen Tunbosun
- Olatubi Matthew Idowu
- Oliveira Gláucia Maria Moraes
- Olufadewa Isaac Iyinoluwa
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Oluwafemi Yinka Doris
- Omar Bali Ahmed
- Omar Hany A
- Omer Goran Latif
- Ondayo Maureene Auma
- Ong Kanyin Liane
- Ong Sokking
- Onwujekwe Obinna E
- Onyedibe Kenneth Ikenna
- Ordak Michal
- Orisakwe Orish Ebere
- Orish Verner N
- Ortega-Altamirano Doris V
- Ortiz Alberto
- Osman Wael M S
- Ostroff Samuel M
- Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi
- Otoiu Adrian
- Otstavnov Nikita
- Otstavnov Stanislav S
- Ouyahia Amel
- Ouyang Guoqing
- Owolabi Mayowa O
- Ozten Yaz
- P A Mahesh Padukudru
- Padron-Monedero Alicia
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Pal Pramod Kumar
- Palicz Tamás
- Palladino Claudia
- Palladino Raffaele
- Palma-Alvarez Raul Felipe
- Pan Feng
- Pan Hai-Feng
- Pana Adrian
- Panda Paramjot
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu R
- Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
- Panos Georgios D
- Panos Leonidas D
- Pantazopoulos Ioannis
- Pantea Stoian Anca Mihaela
- Papadopoulou Paraskevi
- Parikh Romil R
- Park Seoyeon
- Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha
- Pashaei Ava
- Pasovic Maja
- Passera Roberto
- Pasupula Deepak Kumar
- Patel Hemal M
- Patel Jay
- Patel Sangram Kishor
- Patil Shankargouda
- Patoulias Dimitrios
- Patthipati Venkata Suresh
- Paudel Uttam
- Pazoki Toroudi Hamidreza
- Pease Spencer A
- Peden Amy E
- Pedersini Paolo
- Pensato Umberto
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Peprah Emmanuel K
- Peprah Prince
- Perdigão João
- Pereira Marcos
- Peres Mario F P
- Perianayagam Arokiasamy
- Perico Norberto
- Pestell Richard G
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Petermann-Rocha Fanny Emily
- Petri William A
- Pham Hoang Tran
- Philip Anil K
- Phillips Michael R
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeolet Manon
- Pigott David M
- Pilgrim Thomas
- Piracha Zahra Zahid
- Piradov Michael A
- Pirouzpanah Saeed
- Plakkal Nishad
- Plotnikov Evgenii
- Podder Vivek
- Poddighe Dimitri
- Polinder Suzanne
- Polkinghorne Kevan R
- Poluru Ramesh
- Ponkilainen Ville T
- Porru Fabio
- Postma Maarten J
- Poudel Govinda Raj
- Pourshams Akram
- Pourtaheri Naeimeh
- Prada Sergio I
- Pradhan Pranil Man Singh
- Prakasham Thejeswar N
- Prasad Manya
- Prashant Akila
- Prates Elton Junio Sady
- Prieto Alhambra Daniel
- PRISCILLA TINA
- Pritchett Natalie
- Purohit Bharathi M
- Puvvula Jagadeesh
- Qasim Nameer Hashim
- Qattea Ibrahim
- Qazi Asma Saleem
- Qian Gangzhen
- Qiu Suli
- Qureshi Maryam Faiz
- Rabiee Rad Mehrdad
- Radfar Amir
- Radhakrishnan Raghu Anekal
- Radhakrishnan Venkatraman
- Raeisi Shahraki Hadi
- Rafferty Quinn
- Raggi Alberto
- Raghav Pankaja Raghav
- Raheem Nasiru
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahim Md Jillur
- Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
- Rahman Md Mosfequr
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Mosiur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahmani Amir Masoud
- Rahmani Shayan
- Rahmanian Vahid
- Rajaa Sathish
- Rajput Prashant
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ramasamy Shakthi Kumaran
- Ramazanu Sheena
- Rana Kritika
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Rancic Nemanja
- Rane Amey
- Rao Chythra R
- Rao Indu Ramachandra
- Rao Mithun
- Rao Sowmya J
- Rasali Drona Prakash
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Sina
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi
- Rasouli-Saravani Ashkan
- Rasul Azad
- Rathnaiah Babu Giridhara
- Rauniyar Santosh Kumar
- Ravangard Ramin
- Ravikumar Nakul
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawlley Bharat
- Raza Rabail Zehra
- Razo Christian
- Redwan Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
- Rehman Faizan Ur
- Reifels Lennart
- Reiner Jr Robert C
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Reyes Luis Felipe
- Rezaei Maryam
- Rezaei Nazila
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaeian Mohsen
- Rhee Taeho Gregory
- Riaz Mavra A
- Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P
- Rickard Jennifer
- Riva Hannah R
- Robinson-Oden Hannah Elizabeth
- Rodrigues Célia Fortuna
- Rodrigues Mónica
- Roever Leonardo
- Rogowski Emma Lynn Best
- Rohloff Peter
- Romadlon Debby Syahru
- Romero-Rodríguez Esperanza
- Romoli Michele
- Ronfani Luca
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Roth Gregory A
- Rout Himanshu Sekhar
- Roy Nitai
- Roy Priyanka
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Ruela Guilherme de Andrade
- Rumisha Susan Fred
- Runghien Tilleye
- Rwegerera Godfrey M
- Rynkiewicz Andrzej
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- Saad Aly M A
- Saadatian Zahra
- Saber Korosh
- Saber-Ayad Maha Mohamed
- SaberiKamarposhti Morteza
- Sabour Siamak
- Sacco Simona
- Sachdev Perminder S
- Sachdeva Rajesh
- Saddik Basema
- Saddler Adam
- Sadee Bashdar Abuzed
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Sadeghi Erfan
- Sadeghian Farideh
- Saeb Mohammad Reza
- Saeed Umar
- Safaeinejad Fahimeh
- Safi Sher Zaman
- Sagar Rajesh
- Saghazadeh Amene
- Sagoe Dominic
- Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh
- Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahoo Soumya Swaroop
- Sahoo Umakanta
- Sahu Monalisha
- Saif Zahra
- Sajid Mirza Rizwan
- Sakshaug Joseph W
- Salam Nasir
- Salamati Payman
- Salami Afeez Abolarinwa
- Salaroli Luciane B
- Saleh Mohamed A
- Salehi Sana
- Salem Marwa Rashad
- Salem Mohammed Z Y
- Salimi Sohrab
- Samadi Kafil Hossein
- Samadzadeh Sara
- Samargandy Saad
- Samodra Yoseph Leonardo
- Samy Abdallah M
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanna Francesca
- Santomauro Damian Francesco
- Santos Itamar S
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M
- Sao Jose Bruno Piassi
- Sarasmita Made Ary
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Saravanan Aswini
- Saravi Babak
- Sarikhani Yaser
- Sarkar Tanmay
- Sarmiento-Suárez Rodrigo
- Sarode Gargi Sachin
- Sarode Sachin C
- Sarveazad Arash
- Sathian Brijesh
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Satpathy Maheswar
- Sayeed Abu
- Sayeed Md Abu
- Saylan Mete
- Sayyah Mehdi
- Scarmeas Nikolaos
- Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
- Schlaich Markus P
- Schlee Winfried
- Schmidt Maria Inês
- Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola
- Schuermans Art
- Schumacher Austin E
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwarzinger Michaël
- Schwebel David C
- Schwendicke Falk
- Selvaraj Siddharthan
- Senapati Sabyasachi
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf G
- Serban Dragos
- Sethi Yashendra
- Sha Feng
- Shabany Maryam
- Shafaat Amir
- Shafie Mahan
- Shah Nilay S
- Shah Pritik A
- Shah Syed Mahboob
- Shahabi Saeed
- Shahbandi Ataollah
- Shahid Izza
- Shahid Samiah
- Shahid Wajeehah
- Shahsavari Hamid R
- Shahwan Moyad Jamal
- Shaikh Ahmed
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shakeri Alireza
- Shalash Ali S
- Sham Sunder
- Shamim Muhammad Aaqib
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamshad Hina
- Shamsi Mohammad Anas
- Shanawaz Mohd
- Shankar Abhishek
- Sharfaei Sadaf
- Sharifan Amin
- Sharifi-Rad Javad
- Sharma Rajesh
- Sharma Saurab
- Sharma Ujjawal
- Sharma Vishal
- Shastry Rajesh P
- Shavandi Amin
- Shayan Maryam
- Shehabeldine Amr Mohamed Elsayed
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhi Rahim Ali
- Shen Jiabin
- Shetty Adithi
- Shetty B Suresh Kumar
- Shetty Pavanchand H
- Shi Peilin
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shiferaw Desalegn
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Min-Jeong
- Shin Youn Ho
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shitaye Nebiyu Aniley
- Shittu Aminu
- Shiue Ivy
- Shivakumar K M
- Shivarov Velizar
- Shokraneh Farhad
- Shokri Azad
- Shool Sina
- Shorofi Seyed Afshin
- Shrestha Sunil
- Shuval Kerem
- Siddig Emmanuel Edwar
- Silva João Pedro
- Silva Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues
- Silva Soraia
- Simpson Colin R
- Singal Anjali
- Singh Abhinav
- Singh Balbir Bagicha
- Singh Garima
- Singh Jasbir
- Singh Narinder Pal
- Singh Paramdeep
- Singh Surjit
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Sinto Robert
- Siraj Md Shahjahan
- Sirota Sarah Brooke
- Sitas Freddy
- Sivakumar Shravan
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Skryabina Anna Aleksandrovna
- Sleet David A
- Socea Bogdan
- Sokhan Anton
- Solanki Ranjan
- Solanki Shipra
- Soleimani Hamidreza
- Soliman Sameh S M
- Song Suhang
- Song Yimeng
- Sorensen Reed J D
- Soriano Joan B
- Soyiri Ireneous N
- Spartalis Michael
- Spearman Sandra
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T
- Srivastava Vijay Kumar
- Stanaway Jeffrey D
- Stanikzai Muhammad Haroon
- Stark Benjamin A
- Starnes Joseph R
- Starodubova Antonina V
- Stein Caroline
- Stein Dan J
- Steinbeis Fridolin
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steinmetz Jaimie D
- Steiropoulos Paschalis
- Stevanović Aleksandar
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A
- Stortecky Stefan
- Subramaniyan Vetriselvan
- Suleman Muhammad
- Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan
- Sultana Abida
- Sun Haitong Zhe
- Sun Jing
- Sundström Johan
- Sunkersing David
- Sunnerhagen Katharina S
- Swain Chandan Kumar
- Szarpak Lukasz
- Szeto Mindy D
- Szócska Miklós
- Tabaee Damavandi Payam
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabatabaei Malazy Ozra
- Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad
- Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir
- Tabatabai Shima
- Tabish Mohammad
- TADAKAMADLA JYOTHI
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Taheri Abkenar Yasaman
- Taheri Soodejani Moslem
- Taiba Jabeen
- Takahashi Ken
- Talaat Iman M
- Talukder Ashis
- Tampa Mircea
- Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze
- Tan Ker-Kan
- Tandukar Sarmila
- Tang Haosu
- Tang Hong K
- Tarigan Ingan Ukur
- Tariku Mengistie Kassahun
- Tariqujjaman Md
- Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang
- Tavakoli Oliaee Razieh
- Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
- Taveira Nuno
- Tefera Yibekal Manaye
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Temsah Reem Mohamad Hani
- Teramoto Masayuki
- Tesler Riki
- Teye-Kwadjo Enoch
- Thakur Rishu
- Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Tharwat Samar
- Thayakaran Rasiah
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomas Nikhil Kenny
- Thomson Azalea M
- Thrift Amanda G
- Thum Chern Choong Chern
- Thygesen Lau Caspar
- Tian Jing
- Tichopad Ales
- Ticoalu Jansje Henny Vera
- Tillawi Tala
- Tiruye Tenaw Yimer
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Toriola Adetunji T
- Torre Anna E
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Tran Jasmine T
- Tran Nghia Minh
- Trico Domenico
- Tromans Samuel Joseph
- Truyen Thien Tan Tri Tai
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tsegay Guesh Mebrahtom
- Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini
- Tumurkhuu Munkhtuya
- Tung Kang
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Sayed Mohammad Nazim
- Udoakang Aniefiok John
- Udoh Arit
- Ullah Atta
- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saeed
- Ullah Sana
- Umakanthan Srikanth
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Unim Brigid
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Unsworth Carolyn Anne
- Upadhyay Era
- Urso Daniele
- Usman Jibrin Sammani
- Vahabi Seyed Mohammad
- Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj
- Valizadeh Rohollah
- Van de Velde Sarah M
- Van den Eynde Jef
- Varga Orsolya
- Vart Priya
- Varthya Shoban Babu
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasic Milena
- Vaziri Siavash
- Vellingiri Balachandar
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Verghese Nicholas Alexander
- Verma Madhur
- Veroux Massimiliano
- Verras Georgios-Ioannis
- Vervoort Dominique
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Villanueva Gabriela Ines
- Vinayak Manish
- Violante Francesco S
- Viskadourou Maria
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vo Bay
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vujcic Isidora S
- Vukovic Rade
- Wafa Hatem A
- Waheed Yasir
- Wamai Richard G
- Wang Cong
- Wang Ning
- Wang Shu
- Wang Song
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Waqas Muhammad
- Ward Paul
- Wassie Emebet Gashaw
- Watson Stefanie
- Watson Stephanie Louise Watson
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
- Wei Melissa Y
- Weintraub Robert G
- Weiss Daniel J
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha Praneeth
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wilandika Angga
- Wilkerson Caroline
- Willeit Peter
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wojewodzic Marcin W
- Woldegebreal Demewoz H
- Wolf Axel Walter
- Wolfe Charles D A
- Wondimagegene Yohannes Addisu
- Wong Yen Jun
- Wongsin Utoomporn
- Wool Eve E
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Felicia
- Wu Xinsheng
- Wu Zenghong
- Xia Juan
- Xiao Hong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Suowen
- Xu Wang-Dong
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Xu Yvonne Yiru
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Danting
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Yaribeygi Habib
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad
- Yesiltepe Metin
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yi Siyan
- Yigezu Amanuel
- Yip Paul
- Yismaw Malede Berihun
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuh Faith H
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zangiabadian Moein
- Zar Heather J
- Zare Iman
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeinali Zahra
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Jingya
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Lei
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zitoun Osama A
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zuhlke Liesl J
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Šekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Robust, scalable, and informative clustering for diverse biological networks
- Author
- Publication venue
- BMC
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Abstract Clustering molecular data into informative groups is a primary step in extracting robust conclusions from big data. However, due to foundational issues in how they are defined and detected, such clusters are not always reliable, leading to unstable conclusions. We compare popular clustering algorithms across thousands of synthetic and real biological datasets, including a new consensus clustering algorithm—SpeakEasy2: Champagne. These tests identify trends in performance, show no single method is universally optimal, and allow us to examine factors behind variation in performance. Multiple metrics indicate SpeakEasy2 generally provides robust, scalable, and informative clusters for a range of applications
Enhancer RNAs are necessary and sufficient for activity-dependent neuronal gene transcription
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'
- Publication date
- 01/07/2019
- Field of study
Enhancer elements in DNA regulate gene expression programs important for neuronal fate and function, and are increasingly implicated in brain disease states. Enhancers undergo bidirectional transcription to generate non-coding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), but the function of eRNAs in neuronal systems remains controversial. Here, we performed genome-wide characterization of transcribed enhancers from rat cortical neurons, revealing elevated sequence conservation, enriched localization near genes involved in neuronal or synaptic function, and correlated activity-dependent regulation of putative eRNA-mRNA pairs. Functional validation using a CRISPR-dCas9 fusion system to drive eRNA synthesis from enhancers produced corresponding increases in mRNA at linked genes. Focusing on eRNAs arising from enhancers at the Fos gene locus, we report that eRNA and mRNA correlate on a single-cell level, that CRISPR-targeted eRNA delivery to an enhancer is sufficient for mRNA induction, and that eRNA knockdown decreases mRNA and alters neuronal physiology. These results suggest that eRNAs regulate gene expression and neuronal function
Epigenetic mechanisms in memory and synaptic function
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Future Medicine Ltd'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
- Author
- A Gordon Robertson
- Abdullah Kahraman
- Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Adam A Margolin
- Adam Abeshouse
- Adam Grundhoff
- Adam J Struck
- Adam J Struck
- Adam J Wright
- Adam Lambert
- Adam P Butler
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- Yongzhan Nie
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- Yosef E Maruvka
- Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Young Seok Ju
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- Youngil Koh
- Youngwook Kim
- Youyong Lu
- Yu Fan
- Yu Fan
- Yu Fan
- Yu-Jia Shiah
- Yuan Ji
- Yuan Yuan
- Yuichi Shiraishi
- Yulia Newton
- Yulia Rubanova
- Yumeng Wang
- Yupeng Cun
- Yussanne Ma
- Zachary Heins
- Zechen Chong
- Zechen Chong
- Zemin Zhang
- Zhaohong Chen
- Zhenggang Wu
- Zhenggang Wu
- Zhining Wang
- Zhongming Zhao
- Ziao Lin
- Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Ólafur Andri Stefánsson
- Øystein Garred
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts.The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that -80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAFPeer reviewe
Sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes
- Author
- A Gordon Robertson
- Abdullah Kahraman
- Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Adam A Margolin
- Adam Abeshouse
- Adam Grundhoff
- Adam J Struck
- Adam J Wright
- Adam Lambert
- Adam Margolin
- Adam P Butler
- Adel El-Naggar
- Adnan M Nagrial
- Adrian Ally
- Adrian Baez-Ortega
- Adrian Thorogood
- Adriana Salcedo
- Adrienne M Flanagan
- Ake Borg
- Akihiro Fujimoto
- Akihiro Suzuki
- Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Alain Viari
- Alan J Robertson
- Alan P Hoyle
- Alan Thompson
- Alasdair Stenhouse
- Alastair M Thompson
- Aldo Scarpa
- Alessandro Pastore
- Alex Buchanan
- Alexander Claviez
- Alexander J Lazar
- Alexander J Lazar
- Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
- Alfonso Muñoz
- Alfonso Valencia
- Aliaksei Z Holik
- Alice Meng
- Alicia L Bruzos
- Allison P Heath
- Alvin Wei Tian Ng
- Alvis Brazma
- Amaro Taylor-Weiner
- Amber L Johns
- Amit G Deshwar
- Ana Dueso-Barroso
- Ana Mijalkovic Mijalkovic-Lazic
- Ana Milovanovic
- Andre Kahles
- Andrea Haake
- Andrea Holbrook
- Andrea L Richardson
- Andrea Mafficini
- Andrea Ruzzenente
- Andreas Behren
- Andreas Rosenwald
- Andreia V Pinho
- Andrew Berchuck
- Andrew D Cherniack
- Andrew J Dunford
- Andrew J Mungall
- Andrew J Spillane
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- Andrés Lanzós
- Andy Cafferkey
- Andy G Lynch
- Angela Chou
- Angela N Brooks
- Angela Tam
- Angelica Ochoa
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- Anja Füllgrabe
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- Ann-Marie Patch
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- Victor Reuter
- Vikram Deshpande
- Vikram Deshpande
- Viktoriya Korchina
- Ville Mustonen
- Vinayak Bhandari
- Vincent Ferretti
- Vincent Huang
- Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Vincent Khoo
- Vincenzo Corbo
- Vishal S Chandan
- Volker Hovestadt
- W Kimryn Rathmell
- W M Linehan
- Wan Choi
- Wanding Zhou
- Wei Jiao
- Wei Jiao
- Wenyi Wang
- William B Isaacs
- William C Faquin
- William C Faquin
- William Friedman
- William Howat
- William Meyerson
- Willie Yu
- Winghing Wong
- Wojciech Bazant
- Wolfgang Huber
- Wolfram Klapper
- Xavier Estivill
- Xavier Pivot
- Xiao Xiao
- Xiaobo Li
- Xiaoping Su
- Xiaotong Li
- Xiaotong Yao
- Xing Hua
- Xingmin Liu
- Xinyue Li
- Xiuqing Zhang
- Xiuqing Zheng
- Xose S Puente
- Xuan Le
- Xuanping Zhang
- Xuemei Luo
- Xueqing Zou
- Yan Shi
- Yan Zhang
- Yang Wu
- Yang Yang
- Yann Joly
- Yanxun Xu
- Yao He
- Yasin Senbabaoglu
- Yassen Assenov
- Yasser Riazalhosseini
- Yasuhito Arai
- Yasushi Rino
- Yasushi Totoki
- Yeng Ang
- Yi Huang
- Yiling Lu
- Yilong Li
- Yingyan Yu
- Yiwen Chen
- Yogesh Kumar
- Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Yong Hou
- Yong Zhou
- Yong-Jie Lu
- Yongzhan Nie
- Yosef E Maruvka
- Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Young Seok Ju
- Youngchoon Woo
- Youngil Koh
- Youngwook Kim
- Yousif Fouad
- Youyong Lu
- Yu Fan
- Yu-Jia Shiah
- Yuan Ji
- Yuan Yuan
- Yuichi Shiraishi
- Yulia Newton
- Yulia Rubanova
- Yumeng Wang
- Yupeng Cun
- Yussanne Ma
- Zachary Heins
- Zechen Chong
- Zemin Zhang
- Zhaohong Chen
- Zhenggang Wu
- Zhining Wang
- Zhongming Zhao
- Ziao Lin
- Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Ólafur Andri Stefánsson
- Øystein Garred
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We both confirm the results of exome studies, and also uncover previously undescribed sex differences. These include sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes. These results underline the pervasiveness of molecular sex differences and strengthen the call for increased consideration of sex in molecular cancer research.Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We both confirm the results of exome studies, and also uncover previously undescribed sex differences. These include sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes. These results underline the pervasiveness of molecular sex differences and strengthen the call for increased consideration of sex in molecular cancer research.Peer reviewe
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Sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes
- Author
- Aaltonen Lauri A.
- Abascal Federico
- Abeshouse Adam
- Aburatani Hiroyuki
- Adams David J.
- Agrawal Nishant
- Ahn Keun Soo
- Ahn Sung-Min
- Aikata Hiroshi
- Akbani Rehan
- Akdemir Kadir C.
- Al-Ahmadie Hikmat
- Al-Sedairy Sultan T.
- Al-Shahrour Fatima
- Alawi Malik
- Albert Monique
- Aldape Kenneth
- Alexandrov Ludmil B.
- Ally Adrian
- Alsop Kathryn
- Alvarez Eva G.
- Amary Fernanda
- Amin Samirkumar B.
- Aminou Brice
- Ammerpohl Ole
- Anderson Matthew J.
- Ang Yeng
- Antonello Davide
- Anur Pavana
- Aparicio Samuel
- Appelbaum Elizabeth L.
- Arai Yasuhito
- Aretz Axel
- Arihiro Koji
- Ariizumi Shun-ichi
- Armenia Joshua
- Arnau Gisela Mir
- Arnould Laurent
- Asa Sylvia
- Assenov Yassen
- Atwal Gurnit
- Aukema Sietse
- Auman J. Todd
- Aure Miriam R.
- Awadalla Philip
- Aymerich Marta
- Bader Gary D.
- Baez-Ortega Adrian
- Bailey Matthew H.
- Bailey Peter J.
- Balasundaram Miruna
- Balu Saianand
- Bandopadhayay Pratiti
- Banks Rosamonde E.
- Barbi Stefano
- Barbour Andrew P.
- Barenboim Jonathan
- Barnholtz-Sloan Jill
- Barr Hugh
- Barrera Elisabet
- Bartlett John
- Bartolome Javier
- Bassi Claudio
- Bathe Oliver F.
- Baumhoer Daniel
- Bavi Prashant
- Baylin Stephen B.
- Bazant Wojciech
- Beardsmore Duncan
- Beck Timothy A.
- Behjati Sam
- Behren Andreas
- Bell Cindy
- Beltran Sergi
- Benz Christopher
- Berchuck Andrew
- Bergmann Anke K.
- Bergstrom Erik N.
- Berman Benjamin P.
- Berney Daniel M.
- Bernhart Stephan H.
- Beroukhim Rameen
- Berrios Mario
- Bersani Samantha
- Bertl Johanna
- Betancourt Miguel
- Bhandari Vinayak
- Bhosle Shriram G.
- Biankin Andrew V.
- Bieg Matthias
- Bigner Darell
- Binder Hans
- Birney Ewan
- Birrer Michael
- Biswas Nidhan K.
- Bjerkehagen Bodil
- Bodenheimer Tom
- Boice Lori
- Bonizzato Giada
- Boot Arnoud
- Bootwalla Moiz S.
- Borg Ake
- Borkhardt Arndt
- Boroevich Keith A.
- Borozan Ivan
- Borst Christoph
- Bosenberg Marcus
- Bosio Mattia
- Boultwood Jacqueline
- Bourque Guillaume
- Boutros Paul C.
- Bova G. Steven
- Bowen David T.
- Bowlby Reanne
- Bowtell David D. L.
- Boyault Sandrine
- Boyce Rich
- Boyd Jeffrey
- Brazma Alvis
- Brennan Paul
- Brewer Daniel S.
- Brinkman Arie B.
- Bristow Robert G.
- Broaddus Russell R.
- Brock Jane E.
- Brock Malcolm
- Broeks Annegien
- Brooks Angela N.
- Brooks Denise
- Brors Benedikt
- Brunak Søren
- Bruxner Timothy J. C.
- Bruzos Alicia L.
- Buchanan Alex
- Buchhalter Ivo
- Buchholz Christiane
- Bullman Susan
- Burke Hazel
- Burkhardt Birgit
- Burns Kathleen H.
- Busanovich John
- Bustamante Carlos D.
- Butler Adam P.
- Butte Atul J.
- Byrne Niall J.
- Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise
- Caesar-Johnson Samantha J.
- Cafferkey Andy
- Cahill Declan
- Calabrese Claudia
- Caldas Carlos
- Calvo Fabien
- Camacho Niedzica
- Campbell Peter J.
- Campo Elias
- Cantù Cinzia
- Cao Shaolong
- Carey Thomas E.
- Carlevaro-Fita Joana
- Carlsen Rebecca
- Cataldo Ivana
- Cazzola Mario
- Cebon Jonathan
- Cerfolio Robert
- Chadwick Dianne E.
- Chakravarty Dimple
- Chalmers Don
- Chan Calvin Wing Yiu
- Chan Kin
- Chan-Seng-Yue Michelle
- Chandan Vishal S.
- Chang David K.
- Chanock Stephen J.
- Chantrill Lorraine A.
- Chateigner Aurélien
- Chatterjee Nilanjan
- Chayama Kazuaki
- Chen Hsiao-Wei
- Chen Jieming
- Chen Ken
- Chen Yiwen
- Chen Zhaohong
- Cherniack Andrew D.
- Chien Jeremy
- Chiew Yoke-Eng
- Chin Suet-Feung
- Cho Juok
- Cho Sunghoon
- Choi Jung Kyoon
- Choi Wan
- Chomienne Christine
- Chong Zechen
- Choo Su Pin
- Chou Angela
- Christ Angelika N.
- Christie Elizabeth L.
- Chuah Eric
- Cibulskis Carrie
- Cibulskis Kristian
- Cingarlini Sara
- Clapham Peter
- Claviez Alexander
- Cleary Sean
- Cloonan Nicole
- Cmero Marek
- Collins Colin C.
- Connor Ashton A.
- Cooke Susanna L.
- Cooper Colin S.
- Cope Leslie
- Corbo Vincenzo
- Cordes Matthew G.
- Cordner Stephen M.
- Cortés-Ciriano Isidro
- Covington Kyle
- Cowin Prue A.
- Craft Brian
- Craft David
- Creighton Chad J.
- Cun Yupeng
- Curley Erin
- Cutcutache Ioana
- Czajka Karolina
- Czerniak Bogdan
- Dagg Rebecca A.
- Danilova Ludmila
- Davi Maria Vittoria
- Davidson Natalie R.
- Davies Helen
- Davis Ian J.
- Davis-Dusenbery Brandi N.
- Dawson Kevin J.
- De Bono Johann S.
- De La Vega Francisco M.
- De Paoli-Iseppi Ricardo
- deFazio Anna
- Defreitas Timothy
- Dei Tos Angelo P.
- Delaneau Olivier
- Demchok John A.
- Demeulemeester Jonas
- Demidov German M.
- Demircioğlu Deniz
- Dennis Nening M.
- Denroche Robert E.
- Dentro Stefan C.
- Desai Nikita
- Deshpande Vikram
- Deshwar Amit G.
- Desmedt Christine
- Deu-Pons Jordi
- Dhalla Noreen
- Dhani Neesha C.
- Dhingra Priyanka
- Dhir Rajiv
- Diamanti Klev
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- Ding Li
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- Doddapaneni HarshaVardhan
- Donmez Nilgun
- Dow Michelle T.
- Drapkin Ronny
- Drechsel Oliver
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- Dudderidge Tim
- Dueso-Barroso Ana
- Dunford Andrew J.
- Dunn Michael
- Dursi Lewis Jonathan
- Duthie Fraser R.
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- Eagles Jenna
- Easton Douglas F.
- Edmonds Stuart
- Edwards Paul A.
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- Eeles Rosalind A.
- Ehinger Anna
- Eils Juergen
- Eils Roland
- El-Naggar Adel
- Eldridge Matthew
- Ellrott Kyle
- Erkek Serap
- Escaramis Georgia
- Espiritu Shadrielle M. G.
- Estivill Xavier
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- Niu Beifang
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- Ojima Hidenori
- Okusaka Takuji
- Omberg Larsson
- Ong Chovon Kiat
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- Ott German
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- O’Donnell Peter
- O’Donovan Maria
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- O’Neill J. Robert
- Paczkowska Marta
- Paiella Salvatore
- Pairojkul Chawalit
- Pajic Marina
- Pan-Hammarström Qiang
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- Radovic Petar
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- Raghavan K. Vijay
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- Ramakrishnan Kamna
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- Rathmell W. Kimryn
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- Reifenberger Guido
- Reimand Jüri
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- Rodriguez-Martin Bernardo
- Rodríguez-González F. Germán
- Roehrl Michael H. A.
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- Romieu Gilles
- Rooman Ilse
- Roques Tom
- Rosebrock Daniel
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- Rosenwald Andreas
- Rowe Edward W.
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- Rubanova Yulia
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- Sahinalp S. Cenk
- Saini Natalie
- Saito-Adachi Mihoko
- Saksena Gordon
- Salcedo Adriana
- Salgado Roberto
- Salichos Leonidas
- Sallari Richard
- Saller Charles
- Salvia Roberto
- Sam Michelle
- Samra Jaswinder S.
- Sanchez-Vega Francisco
- Sander Chris
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- Sarrafi Iman
- Sasaki-Oku Aya
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- Scarlett Christopher J.
- Scarpa Aldo
- Scelo Ghislaine
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- Schlomm Thorsten
- Schmidt Heather K.
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- Schreiber Stefan
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- Seethala Raja
- Segre Ayellet V.
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- Semple Colin A.
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- Serra Stefano
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- Shimizu Kiyo
- Shin Seung Jun
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- Shmaya Tal
- Shmulevich Ilya
- Shorser Solomon I.
- Short Charles
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- Shriver Craig
- Shuai Shimin
- Sidiropoulos Nikos
- Siebert Reiner
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- Su Hong
- Su Xiaoping
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- Sungalee Stephanie
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- Sültmann Holger
- Tam Angela
- Tamborero David
- Tan Benita Kiat Tee
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- Tarabichi Maxime
- Tarnuzzer Roy
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- Tatsuno Kenji
- Tavaré Simon
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- Teague Jon W.
- Teh Bin Tean
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- Thayer Sarah P.
- Thiessen Nina
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- Thorogood Adrian
- Tiao Grace
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- Tirabosco Roberto
- Tojo Marta
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- Torrents David
- Tortora Giampaolo
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- Totoki Yasushi
- Townend David
- Traficante Nadia
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- Visakorpi Tapio
- Voet Douglas
- von Kalle Christof
- von Mering Christian
- Vyas Paresh
- Vázquez-García Ignacio
- Waddell Nick M.
- Waddell Nicola
- Wadelius Claes
- Wadi Lina
- Wagener Rabea
- Wala Jeremiah A.
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- Wang Jiayin
- Wang Linghua
- Wang Qi
- Wang Wenyi
- Wang Yumeng
- Wang Zhining
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- Warnatz Hans-Jörg
- Warrell Jonathan
- Warren Anne Y.
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- Weinberger Paul
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- Weischenfeldt Joachim
- Weisenberger Daniel J.
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- Wendl Michael C.
- Werner Johannes
- Whalley Justin P.
- Wheeler David A.
- Whitaker Hayley C.
- Wigle Dennis
- Wilkerson Matthew D.
- Williams Ashley
- Wilmott James S.
- Wilson Gavin W.
- Wilson Julie M.
- Wilson Richard K.
- Winterhoff Boris
- Wintersinger Jeffrey A.
- Wiznerowicz Maciej
- Wolf Stephan
- Wong Bernice H.
- Wong Tina
- Wong Winghing
- Woo Youngchoon
- Wood Scott
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wright Adam J.
- Wright Derek W.
- Wright Mark H.
- Wu Chin-Lee
- Wu Dai-Ying
- Wu Guanming
- Wu Jianmin
- Wu Kui
- Wu Yang
- Wu Zhenggang
- Xi Liu
- Xia Tian
- Xiang Qian
- Xiao Xiao
- Xing Rui
- Xiong Heng
- Xu Qinying
- Xu Yanxun
- Xue Hong
- Yachida Shinichi
- Yakneen Sergei
- Yamaguchi Rui
- Yamaguchi Takafumi N.
- Yamamoto Masakazu
- Yamamoto Shogo
- Yamaue Hiroki
- Yang Fan
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Jean Y.
- Yang Liming
- Yang Lixing
- Yang Shanlin
- Yang Tsun-Po
- Yang Yang
- Yao Xiaotong
- Yaspo Marie-Laure
- Yates Lucy
- Yau Christina
- Ye Chen
- Ye Kai
- Yellapantula Venkata D.
- Yoon Christopher J.
- Yoon Sung-Soo
- Yousif Fouad
- Yu Jun
- Yu Kaixian
- Yu Willie
- Yu Yingyan
- Yuan Ke
- Yuan Yuan
- Yuen Denis
- Yugawa Takashi
- Yung Christina K.
- Zaikova Olga
- Zamora Jorge
- Zapatka Marc
- Zenklusen Jean C.
- Zenz Thorsten
- Zeps Nikolajs
- Zhang Cheng-Zhong
- Zhang Fan
- Zhang Hailei
- Zhang Hongwei
- Zhang Hongxin
- Zhang Jiashan
- Zhang Jing
- Zhang Junjun
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Xuanping
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Zemin
- Zhao Zhongming
- Zheng Liangtao
- Zheng Xiuqing
- Zhou Wanding
- Zhou Yong
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Hongtu
- Zhu Jingchun
- Zhu Shida
- Zou Lihua
- Zou Xueqing
- Publication venue
- Nature Communications
- Publication date
- 28/08/2020
- Field of study
Funder: Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002790Funder: Genome Canada (Génome Canada); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100008762Funder: Canada Foundation for Innovation (Fondation canadienne pour l'innovation); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000196Funder: Terry Fox Research Institute (Institut de Recherche Terry Fox); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004376Abstract: Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We both confirm the results of exome studies, and also uncover previously undescribed sex differences. These include sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes. These results underline the pervasiveness of molecular sex differences and strengthen the call for increased consideration of sex in molecular cancer research
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Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
- Author
- Aaltonen Lauri A.
- Abascal Federico
- Abeshouse Adam
- Aburatani Hiroyuki
- Adams David J.
- Agrawal Nishant
- Ahn Keun Soo
- Ahn Sung-Min
- Aikata Hiroshi
- Akbani Rehan
- Akdemir Kadir C.
- Al-Ahmadie Hikmat
- Al-Sedairy Sultan T.
- Al-Shahrour Fatima
- Alawi Malik
- Albert Monique
- Aldape Kenneth
- Alexandrov Ludmil B.
- Ally Adrian
- Alsop Kathryn
- Alvarez Eva G.
- Amary Fernanda
- Amin Samirkumar B.
- Aminou Brice
- Ammerpohl Ole
- Anderson Matthew J.
- Ang Yeng
- Antonello Davide
- Anur Pavana
- Aparicio Samuel
- Appelbaum Elizabeth L.
- Arai Yasuhito
- Aretz Axel
- Arihiro Koji
- Ariizumi Shun-ichi
- Armenia Joshua
- Arnau Gisela Mir
- Arnould Laurent
- Asa Sylvia
- Assenov Yassen
- Atwal Gurnit
- Aukema Sietse
- Auman J. Todd
- Aure Miriam R.
- Awadalla Philip
- Aymerich Marta
- Bader Gary D.
- Baez-Ortega Adrian
- Bailey Matthew H.
- Bailey Peter J.
- Balasundaram Miruna
- Balu Saianand
- Bandopadhayay Pratiti
- Banks Rosamonde E.
- Barbi Stefano
- Barbour Andrew P.
- Barenboim Jonathan
- Barnholtz-Sloan Jill
- Barr Hugh
- Barrera Elisabet
- Bartlett John
- Bartolome Javier
- Bassi Claudio
- Bathe Oliver F.
- Baumhoer Daniel
- Bavi Prashant
- Baylin Stephen B.
- Bazant Wojciech
- Beardsmore Duncan
- Beck Timothy A.
- Behjati Sam
- Behren Andreas
- Bell Cindy
- Beltran Sergi
- Benz Christopher
- Berchuck Andrew
- Bergmann Anke K.
- Bergstrom Erik N.
- Berman Benjamin P.
- Berney Daniel M.
- Bernhart Stephan H.
- Beroukhim Rameen
- Berrios Mario
- Bersani Samantha
- Bertl Johanna
- Betancourt Miguel
- Bhandari Vinayak
- Bhosle Shriram G.
- Biankin Andrew V.
- Bieg Matthias
- Bigner Darell
- Bin Zhu
- Binder Hans
- Birney Ewan
- Birrer Michael
- Biswas Nidhan K.
- Bjerkehagen Bodil
- Bodenheimer Tom
- Boice Lori
- Bonizzato Giada
- Boot Arnoud
- Bootwalla Moiz S.
- Borg Ake
- Borkhardt Arndt
- Boroevich Keith A.
- Borozan Ivan
- Borst Christoph
- Bosenberg Marcus
- Bosio Mattia
- Boultwood Jacqueline
- Bourque Guillaume
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- Bova G. Steven
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- Yates Lucy
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- Ye Chen
- Ye Kai
- Yellapantula Venkata D.
- Yoon Christopher J.
- Yoon Sung-Soo
- Yousif Fouad
- Yu Jun
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- Yu Willie
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- Yuan Ke
- Yuan Yuan
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- Yugawa Takashi
- Yung Christina K.
- Zaikova Olga
- Zamora Jorge
- Zapatka Marc
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- Zhang Cheng-Zhong
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- Zhang Hongwei
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- Zhang Junjun
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Xuanping
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Zemin
- Zhao Zhongming
- Zheng Liangtao
- Zheng Xiuqing
- Zhou Wanding
- Zhou Yong
- Zhu Hongtu
- Zhu Jingchun
- Zhu Shida
- Zou Lihua
- Zou Xueqing
- Publication venue
- Nature Communications
- Publication date
- 21/09/2020
- Field of study
Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts