Characterization and Turnover of CD73/IP3R3-positive Microvillar Cells in the Adult Mouse Olfactory Epithelium

The main olfactory epithelium consists of 4 major cell types: sensory neurons, supporting cells, microvillar cells, and basal progenitor cells. Several populations of microvillar olfactory cells have been described, whose properties are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify the classification of microvillar cells by introducing a specific marker, CD73. Furthermore, we investigated the turnover of CD73-microvillar cells during adult life. Using direct and indirect immunofluorescence in adult main olfactory epithelium, we first demonstrate that ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) is a reliable marker for microvillar cells reported previously to express phospholipase C β2 (PLC β2) along with type 3 IP3 receptors (IP3R3) and transient receptor potential channels 6 (TRPC6), as well as for cells labeled by transgenic expression of tauGFP driven by the IP3R3 promoter. The ubiquitous CD73 immunoreactivity in the microvilli of these 2 cell populations indicates that they correspond to the same cell type (CD73-microvillar cell), endowed with a signal transduction cascade mobilizing Ca++ from intracellular stores. These microvillar cells respond to odors, possess a basal process, and do not degenerate after bulbectomy, suggesting that they contribute to cellular homeostasis in the olfactory epithelium. Next, we examined whether CD73-microvillar cells undergo turnover in the adult olfactory epithelium. By combining CD73 immunofluorescence and BrdU pulse labeling, we show delayed BrdU incorporation in a small fraction of CD73-positive microvillar cells, which persists for several weeks after BrdU administration. These findings indicate that CD73-microvillar cells likely differentiate from proliferating progenitor cells and have a slow turnover despite their apical position in the olfactory epithelium. These combined properties are unique among olfactory cells, in line with the possibility that they might regulate cellular homeostasis driven by extracellular ATP and adenosin

Импульсная лазерная сварка высокопрочных легированных сталей

Объектом исследования является импульсная лазерная сварка. Цель работы – исследование и разработка технологии импульсной лазерной сварки деталей малых толщин. В процессе исследования на основании прочитанной литературы, изучены особенности импульсной лазерной сварки деталей малых толщин и моделирование управления процессами сварки. Область применения: данный способ сварки может применяться в разных отраслях: машиностроительной, медицинской, электрической промышленностях.The object of research is pulsed laser welding. The purpose of this work is to study and develop the technology of pulsed laser welding of small thickness parts. In the process of research, on the basis of the literature read, the features of pulsed laser welding of small thickness parts and the modeling of control of welding processes are studied. Scope: this method of welding can be used in different industries: engineering, medical, electrical industries

Did aid promote democracy in Africa?: the role of technical assistance in Africa’s transitions

Did foreign aid impede or catalyze democratization in Africa in the 1990s? We argue that after the Cold War, donors increased their use of technical assistance in aid packages, improving their monitoring capacity and thus reducing autocrats’ ability to use aid for patronage. To remain in power, autocrats responded by conceding political rights to their opponents—from legalizing opposition parties to staging elections. We test our theory with panel data for all sub-Saharan African countries. While other factors played pivotal roles in Africa’s political liberalization, we find technical assistance helps to explain the timing and extent of Africa’s democratization

Multiplicity of cerebrospinal fluid functions: New challenges in health and disease

This review integrates eight aspects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulatory dynamics: formation rate, pressure, flow, volume, turnover rate, composition, recycling and reabsorption. Novel ways to modulate CSF formation emanate from recent analyses of choroid plexus transcription factors (E2F5), ion transporters (NaHCO3 cotransport), transport enzymes (isoforms of carbonic anhydrase), aquaporin 1 regulation, and plasticity of receptors for fluid-regulating neuropeptides. A greater appreciation of CSF pressure (CSFP) is being generated by fresh insights on peptidergic regulatory servomechanisms, the role of dysfunctional ependyma and circumventricular organs in causing congenital hydrocephalus, and the clinical use of algorithms to delineate CSFP waveforms for diagnostic and prognostic utility. Increasing attention focuses on CSF flow: how it impacts cerebral metabolism and hemodynamics, neural stem cell progression in the subventricular zone, and catabolite/peptide clearance from the CNS. The pathophysiological significance of changes in CSF volume is assessed from the respective viewpoints of hemodynamics (choroid plexus blood flow and pulsatility), hydrodynamics (choroidal hypo- and hypersecretion) and neuroendocrine factors (i.e., coordinated regulation by atrial natriuretic peptide, arginine vasopressin and basic fibroblast growth factor). In aging, normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's disease, the expanding CSF space reduces the CSF turnover rate, thus compromising the CSF sink action to clear harmful metabolites (e.g., amyloid) from the CNS. Dwindling CSF dynamics greatly harms the interstitial environment of neurons. Accordingly the altered CSF composition in neurodegenerative diseases and senescence, because of adverse effects on neural processes and cognition, needs more effective clinical management. CSF recycling between subarachnoid space, brain and ventricles promotes interstitial fluid (ISF) convection with both trophic and excretory benefits. Finally, CSF reabsorption via multiple pathways (olfactory and spinal arachnoidal bulk flow) is likely complemented by fluid clearance across capillary walls (aquaporin 4) and arachnoid villi when CSFP and fluid retention are markedly elevated. A model is presented that links CSF and ISF homeostasis to coordinated fluxes of water and solutes at both the blood-CSF and blood-brain transport interfaces

Can the discharge of a hyperconcentrated flow be estimated from paleoflood evidence?

Many flood events involving water and sediments have been characterized using classic hydraulics principles, assuming the existence of critical flow and many other simplifications. In this paper, hyperconcentrated flow discharge was evaluated by using paleoflood reconstructions (based on paleostage indicators [PSI]) combined with a detailed hydraulic analysis of the critical flow assumption. The exact location where this condition occurred was established by iteratively determining the corresponding cross section, so that specific energy is at a minimum. In addition, all of the factors and parameters involved in the process were assessed, especially those related to the momentum equation, existing shear stresses in the wetted perimeter, and nonhydrostatic and hydrostatic pressure distributions. The superelevation of the hyperconcentrated flow, due to the flow elevation curvature, was also estimated and calibrated with the PSI. The estimated peak discharge was established once the iterative process was unable to improve the fit between the simulated depth and the depth observed from the PSI. The methodological approach proposed here can be applied to other higher-gradient mountainous torrents with a similar geomorphic configuration to the one studied in this paper. Likewise, results have been derived with fewer uncertainties than those obtained from standard hydraulic approaches, whose simplifying assumptions have not been considered. © 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation within the framework of the CICYT Dendro-Avenidas project (CGL2007-62063) and the MAS Dendro-Avenidas project (CGL2010-19274). We are especially grateful to Robert D. Jarrett, Vern Manville, and one anonymous reviewer for their comments and helpful suggestions on previous versions of this manuscript.Bodoque, J.; Eguibar Galán, MÁ.; Diez-Herrero, A.; Gutierrez-Perez, I.; Ruiz-Villanueva, V. (2011). Can the discharge of a hyperconcentrated flow be estimated from paleoflood evidence?. Water Resources Research. 47(W12535). doi:10.1029/2011WR010380S47W12535Alcoverro, J., Corominas, J., & Gómez, M. (1999). The Barranco de Arás flood of 7 August 1996 (Biescas, Central Pyrenees, Spain). Engineering Geology, 51(4), 237-255. doi:10.1016/s0013-7952(98)00076-3Alexandrov, Y., Laronne, J. B., & Reid, I. (2007). Intra-event and inter-seasonal behaviour of suspended sediment in flash floods of the semi-arid northern Negev, Israel. Geomorphology, 85(1-2), 85-97. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.013BAAS, J. H., & BEST, J. L. (2008). The dynamics of turbulent, transitional and laminar clay-laden flow over a fixed current ripple. Sedimentology, 55(3), 635-666. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00916.xBallesteros, J. A., Bodoque, J. M., Díez-Herrero, A., Sanchez-Silva, M., & Stoffel, M. (2011). Calibration of floodplain roughness and estimation of flood discharge based on tree-ring evidence and hydraulic modelling. Journal of Hydrology, 403(1-2), 103-115. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.045Bathurst, J. C. (1985). Flow Resistance Estimation in Mountain Rivers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 111(4), 625-643. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1985)111:4(625)BERZI, D., & JENKINS, J. T. (2008). A theoretical analysis of free-surface flows of saturated granular–liquid mixtures. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 608, 393-410. doi:10.1017/s0022112008002401Biron, P. M., Lane, S. N., Roy, A. G., Bradbrook, K. F., & Richards, K. S. (1998). Sensitivity of bed shear stress estimated from vertical velocity profiles: the problem of sampling resolution. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(2), 133-139. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199802)23:23.0.co;2-nBisantino, T., Fischer, P., & Gentile, F. (2009). Rheological characteristics of debris-flow material in South-Gargano watersheds. Natural Hazards, 54(2), 209-223. doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9462-4Bousmar, D., & Zech, Y. (1999). Momentum Transfer for Practical Flow Computation in Compound Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(7), 696-706. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1999)125:7(696)Costa, J. E. (1984). Physical Geomorphology of Debris Flows. Developments and Applications of Geomorphology, 268-317. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69759-3_9COUSSOT, P., & MEUNIER, M. (1996). Recognition, classification and mechanical description of debris flows. Earth-Science Reviews, 40(3-4), 209-227. doi:10.1016/0012-8252(95)00065-8Coussot, P., Laigle, D., Arattano, M., Deganutti, A., & Marchi, L. (1998). Direct Determination of Rheological Characteristics of Debris Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(8), 865-868. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1998)124:8(865)Desilets, S. L. E., Ferré, T. P. A., & Ekwurzel, B. (2008). Flash flood dynamics and composition in a semiarid mountain watershed. Water Resources Research, 44(12). doi:10.1029/2007wr006159Dietrich, W. E., & Whiting, P. (1989). Boundary shear stress and sediment transport in river meanders of sand and gravel. River Meandering, 1-50. doi:10.1029/wm012p0001Ervine, D. A., Willetts, B. B., Sellin, R. H. J., & Lorena, M. (1993). Factors Affecting Conveyance in Meandering Compound Flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 119(12), 1383-1399. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1993)119:12(1383)Gaume, E., Livet, M., Desbordes, M., & Villeneuve, J.-P. (2004). Hydrological analysis of the river Aude, France, flash flood on 12 and 13 November 1999. Journal of Hydrology, 286(1-4), 135-154. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.015Grant, G. E. (1997). Critical flow constrains flow hydraulics in mobile-bed streams: A new hypothesis. Water Resources Research, 33(2), 349-358. doi:10.1029/96wr03134Hessel, R. (2006). Consequences of hyperconcentrated flow for process-based soil erosion modelling on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31(9), 1100-1114. doi:10.1002/esp.1307House, P. K., & Baker, V. R. (2001). Paleohydrology of flash floods in small desert watersheds in western Arizona. Water Resources Research, 37(6), 1825-1839. doi:10.1029/2000wr900408House, P. K., & Pearthree, P. A. (1995). A geomorphologic and hydrologic evaluation of an extraordinary flood discharge estimate: Bronco Creek, Arizona. Water Resources Research, 31(12), 3059-3073. doi:10.1029/95wr02428Hungr, O. (s. f.). Classification and terminology. Springer Praxis Books, 9-23. doi:10.1007/3-540-27129-5_2Iverson, R. M. (1997). The physics of debris flows. Reviews of Geophysics, 35(3), 245-296. doi:10.1029/97rg00426Iverson , R. M. 2003 The debris-flow rheology myth, paper presented at debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction, and assessment 303 314 Millpress Rotterdam, Davos, SwitzerlandIverson, R. M., Logan, M., LaHusen, R. G., & Berti, M. (2010). The perfect debris flow? Aggregated results from 28 large-scale experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(F3). doi:10.1029/2009jf001514Jarrett, R. D. (1987). Closure to « Hydraulics of High‐Gradient Streams » by Robert D. Jarrett (November, 1984). Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 113(7), 927-929. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1987)113:7(927)Jarrett, R. D., & Tomlinson, E. M. (2000). Regional interdisciplinary paleoflood approach to assess extreme flood potential. Water Resources Research, 36(10), 2957-2984. doi:10.1029/2000wr900098Lavigne, F., & Suwa, H. (2004). Contrasts between debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows and stream flows at a channel of Mount Semeru, East Java, Indonesia. Geomorphology, 61(1-2), 41-58. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.11.005McCoy, S. W., Kean, J. W., Coe, J. A., Staley, D. M., Wasklewicz, T. A., & Tucker, G. E. (2010). Evolution of a natural debris flow: In situ measurements of flow dynamics, video imagery, and terrestrial laser scanning. Geology, 38(8), 735-738. doi:10.1130/g30928.1Pierson , T. C. 2005 Distinguishing between debris flows and floods from field evidence Small Watersheds U.S. Geological Survey 2004 3142Pierson, T. C. (s. f.). Hyperconcentrated flow — transitional process between water flow and debris flow. Springer Praxis Books, 159-202. doi:10.1007/3-540-27129-5_8Pierson, T. C., & Costa, J. E. (1987). A rheologic classification of subaerial sediment-water flows. Reviews in Engineering Geology, 1-12. doi:10.1130/reg7-p1Pierson, T. C., & Scott, K. M. (1985). Downstream Dilution of a Lahar: Transition From Debris Flow to Hyperconcentrated Streamflow. 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Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.