Downwind Coning Concept Rotor for a 25 MW Offshore Wind Turbine

The size of offshore wind turbines over the next decade is expected to continually increase due to reduced balance of station costs per MW and also the higher wind energy at increased altitudes that can lead to higher capacity factors. However, there are challenges that may limit the degree of upscaling which is possible. In this paper, a two-bladed downwind turbine system is upscaled from 13.2 MW to 25 MW, by redesigning aerodynamics, structures, and controls. In particular, three 25 MW rotors have been developed: V1 is the upscaled model, V2 is a partial redesigned model, and V3 is a fully redesigned model. Despite their radically large sizes, it is found that these 25 MW turbine rotors satisfy this limited set of design drivers at the rated condition and that larger blade lengths are possible with cone-wise load-alignment. In addition, flapwise morphing (varying the cone angle with a wind-speed schedule) is investigated in terms of minimizing mean and fluctuating root bending loads using steady inflow proxies for the maximum and damage equivalent load moments. The resulting series of 25 MW rotors, which are the largest ever designed, can be a useful baseline for further development and assessment. </div

Evaluación de la maduración oseo-dentaria y erupción dentaria en pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito

Se describen como uno de los aspectos odontológicos más significativos del hipotiroidismo congénito (HC)retraso en la formación corono-radicular y en la erupción de los dientes permanentes. Objetivo: evaluar si el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano de HC, permiten un proceso normal de crecimiento y desarrollo óseo, dentario, oclusal y funcional. Método: estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal e inferencial en niños de ambos sexos (n36) con HC. Se conformaron dos grupos de acuerdo al momento de inicio del tratamiento con levotiroxina: G1: antes del primer mes de vida (n24). G2: entre 30 días y un año de edad (n12). En ambos grupos se efectuó evaluación clínico-endocrinológica, clínico-odontológica y radiográfica para establecer la edad ósea y dentaria. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas Resultados.La secuencia eruptiva de los dientes permanentes fue normal en el 100% en G2 y en 83,33%de G1. El 58,82% de G1 y el 55,55% de G2 presentaron oclusión normal. Se observó oligodoncia en el 9,52% de G1 y el 8,33% de G2. Por otra parte, solo G1 presentó 16,66% de dientes supernumerarios En cuanto al análisis funcional, en ambos grupos 25% de los niños tuvieron respiración bucal, 66,66% respiración nasal y el 8,33% mixta; la deglución fue funcional en el 25% y disfuncional en el 75% de la muestra.En ambos grupos en las mujeres la edad ósea está más adelantada en relación a la cronológica y la dentaria que en el grupo de varones. Mientras que en ellos lo fue la edad dentaria En los varones de ambos grupos existe una tendencia ascendente considerando la edad ósea, cronológica y dentaria. En las mujeres, los valores menores correspondieron a la edad cronológica, seguida por la edad dentaria y ósea. Conclusión: el tratamiento temprano con terapia sustitutiva con levotiroxina en niños con HC, favorece el desarrollo normal de las estructuras oseodentarias, con características similares a las encontradas en niños sanos.Fil: Martínez, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes; Argentina.Fil: Damiani, Patricia María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra integral niños y adolescentes "A"; Argentina.Fil: Tolcachir, Betina R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes B. Argentina.Fil: Evjanian de Giménez, GIadys. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes Área Odontopediatría; Argentina.Fil: Varela de Villalba, Teresa Beatriz. Escuela de Posgrado. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Villalba, Silvina Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra integral niños y adolescentes "A"; Argentina.Fil: Rubial, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Ortodoncía A; Argentina.Fil: Rugani, Marta Leonor. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra integral niños y adolescentes A; Argentina.Fil: Giménez, Enrique Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Diagnóstico por Imágenes A; Argentina.Fil: Mira, M. Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad; Argentina.Fil: Martín, S. Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad; Argentina.Fil: Lescano de Ferrer, Alfonsina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes Área Odontopediatría; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

Search for a singly produced third-generation scalar leptoquark decaying to a tau lepton and a bottom quark in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for a singly produced third-generation scalar leptoquark decaying to a tau lepton and a bottom quark. Associated production of a leptoquark and a tau lepton is considered, leading to a final state with a bottom quark and two tau leptons. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross section of the third-generation scalar leptoquarks as a function of their mass. From a comparison of the results with the theoretical predictions, a third-generation scalar leptoquark decaying to a tau lepton and a bottom quark, assuming unit Yukawa coupling (lambda), is excluded for masses below 740 GeV. Limits are also set on lambda of the hypothesized leptoquark as a function of its mass. Above lambda = 1.4, this result provides the best upper limit on the mass of a third-generation scalar leptoquark decaying to a tau lepton and a bottom quark.Peer reviewe

Constraints on models of scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to a quark and a neutrino at root s=13 TeV

The results of a previous search by the CMS Collaboration for squarks and gluinos are reinterpreted to constrain models of leptoquark (LQ) production. The search considers jets in association with a transverse momentum imbalance, using the M-T2 variable. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data at root s = 13 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). Leptoquark pair production is considered with LQ decays to a neutrino and a top, bottom, or light quark. This reinterpretation considers higher mass values than the original CMS search to constrain both scalar and vector LQs. Limits on the cross section for LQ pair production are derived at the 95% confidence level depending on the LQ decay mode. A vector LQ decaying with a 50% branching fraction to t nu, and 50% to b tau, has been proposed as part of an explanation of anomalous flavor physics results. In such a model, using only the decays to t nu, LQ masses below 1530 GeV are excluded assuming the Yang-Mills case with coupling kappa = 1, or 1115 GeV in the minimal coupling case kappa = 0, placing the most stringent constraint to date from pair production of vector LQs.Peer reviewe

Microenvironmental Influences that Drive Progression from Benign Breast Disease to Invasive Breast Cancer

Invasive breast cancer represents the endpoint of a developmental process that originates in the terminal duct lobular units and is believed to progress through stages of increasing proliferation, atypical hyperplasia, and carcinoma in situ before the cancer acquires invasive and metastatic capabilities. By comparison with invasive breast cancer, which has been studied extensively, the preceding stages of benign breast disease are more poorly understood. Much less is known about the molecular changes underlying benign breast disease development and progression, as well as the transition from in situ into invasive disease. Even less focus has been given to the specific role of stroma in this progression. The reasons for lack of knowledge about these lesions often come from their small size and limited sample availability. More challenges are posed by limitations of the models used to investigate the lesions preceding invasive breast cancer. However, recent studies have identified alterations in stromal cell function that may be critical for disease progression from benign disease to invasive cancer: key functions of myoepithelial cells that maintain tissue structure are lost, while tissue fibroblasts become activated to produce proteases that degrade the extracellular matrix and trigger the invasive cellular phenotype. Gene expression profiling of stromal alterations associated with disease progression has also identified key transcriptional changes that occur early in disease development. In this review, we will summarize recent studies showing how stromal factors can facilitate progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive disease. We also suggest approaches to identify processes that control earlier stages of disease progression

Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18 : a modelling study

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2 ·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676· 5 (513· 6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV incidence (4661·7 [2544·8–8120·3]) cases per 100000 people in 2018 and Inhassunge District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV mortality rate (1163·0 [679·0–1866·8]) deaths per 100 000 people. Further, the rate of reduction in HIV incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018, as well as the ratio of new infections to the number of people living with HIV was highly variable. Although most second-level administrative units had declines in the number of new cases (3316 [81· 1%] of 4087 units) and number of deaths (3325 [81·4%]), nearly all appeared well short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths between 2010 and 2020. Interpretation: Our estimates suggest that most second-level administrative units in sub-Saharan Africa are falling short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths by 2020, which is further compounded by substantial within-country variability. These estimates will help decision makers and programme implementers expand access to ART and better target health resources to higher burden subnational areas

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe