Marxismo Ecológico: Elementos fundamentales para la crítica de la economía-política-ecológica

Mediante este artículo pretendemos exponer la relevancia de la teoría marxista y sus conceptos fundamentales para analizar la actual crisis ecológica, así como realizar una revisión de los principales exponentes de lo que podríamos denominar "marxismo ecológico", como una de las corrientes de pensamiento crítico de la actualidad.Fil: Tagliavini, Damiano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio del Interior, Obras Públicas y Vivienda. Secretaría de Obras Públicas. Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos. Instituto Nacional del Agua y del Ambiente (Ezeiza); ArgentinaFil: Sabbatella, Ignacio Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin

La expansión capitalista sobre la Tierra en todas las direcciones: Aportes del Marxismo Ecológico

Tradicionalmente, el marxismo se enfocó en la contradicción capital-trabajo y no atendió a la relación capital-naturaleza más que fragmentaria y aisladamente. Sin embargo, la acelerada expansión de la formación social capitalista a escala planetaria en las últimas décadas intensifica y renueva los procesos de apropiación privada y mercantilización de la naturaleza que Marx ubicara en una etapa originaria del capitalismo. El desenvolvimiento de dichos procesos hace necesario nutrir al marxismo con una perspectiva ecológica que habilite la incorporación de nuevas herramientas teóricas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un estado del arte del marxismo ecológico, para lo cual se describirán y clasificarán sus principales contribuciones al entendimiento de la relación capitalnaturaleza. Asimismo, se propone recuperar críticamente algunos conceptos fundamentales de la obra de Marx y Engels, teniendo en cuenta tanto los aspectos más sugerentes como los más controversiales en relación con una perspectiva ecológica.Fil: Tagliavini, Damiano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio del Interior, Obras Públicas y Vivienda. Secretaría de Obras Públicas. Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos. Instituto Nacional del Agua y del Ambiente (Ezeiza); ArgentinaFil: Sabbatella, Ignacio Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin

Erradicación del hongo Epichloë coenophiala de Schedonorus arundinaceus (festuca alta) por interrupción del proceso de transmisión vertical

Petigrosso, Lucas R. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Balcarce, Argentina.Vignolio, Osvaldo R. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Balcarce, Argentina.Damiano, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Balcarce, Argentina.Echeverría, M. Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Balcarce, Argentina.Colabelli, Mabel N. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Balcarce, Argentina.Gundel, Pedro Emilio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA). Buenos Aires, Argentina.55-62Tall fescue is usually infected by a fungal endophyte, responsible of livestock intoxication due to fungal alkaloids. An endophyte fungus grows in the apoplast of aboveground tissues and is vertically transmitted through the seeds. Disinfecting plants or clones not only is useful as a way of eliminating a dangerous microorganism from cultivars, but also for experimental purposes. However, not all fungicides are effective, and if they are, a waiting period must be respected in order to avoid confounding effects of the endophyte and the treatment. We subjected plants (ramets from four genotypes) to different doses of two fungicides, Almagor® (Triazole + Imidazole) and Amistar® (Methoxy-acrylate), and evaluated the endophyte persistence. Fungicides were pipette-poured on pseudostems’ bases of each plant. Endophytic status was diagnosed in tillers that received the fungicide and in the new tillers produced by the plants and seeds. While Amistar® had no detectable effect, Almagor® was 100% effective at all doses. The latter interrupted the verticaltransmission processes (5400 evaluated seeds were endophyte-free). Phytotoxic effects were not observed in seeds. Proportion of normal and abnormal seedlings depended only on plant genotype. Almagor® was effective in stopping the fungus from growing into reproductive buds when apical meristems were down on the bases. Use of Almagor® is promising on old pastures dominated by toxic tall fescue, with the purpose of enriching the soil seed-bank with endophyte-free seeds

Circuito térmico para la generación de vapor de uso industrial utilizando un concentrador cilíndrico parabólico : Diseño, desarrollo y evaluación térmica

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño, desarrollo y estudio de funcionamiento de un circuito térmico para la generación de vapor de agua de baja entalpía destinado al uso industrial utilizando un prototipo de concentrador cilíndrico parabólico (CCP) con un área de apertura de 2,5 m2. Se propone el uso de un fluido de transferencia térmica en un circuito que involucra el uso de equipos y accesorios resistentes a la temperatura y disponibles en el mercado local. En las primeras evaluaciones, en el estado estacionario, el fluido térmico alcanzó una temperatura máxima de 128 ºC a la salida del concentrador con un salto térmico promedio de 6 ºC. El rendimiento térmico del CCP fue del 20,4 %. El caudal de vapor generado en estado estacionario fue de 0,63 kg/h lo cual permite inferir que el rendimiento térmico global del sistema fue del 16,4 %.In this work the design, development and study of the performance of a thermal loop for steam generation of low enthalpy for industrial process heat is presented. A prototype of a parabolic trough collector is used with an aperture area of 2,5 m2. The use of a thermal transfer fluid in a circuit that involves temperature resistant equipment and accessories which are available in the local market is proposed. In the steady state of the first tests carried out, the thermal fluid reached a maximum temperature of 128 °C at the collector output with an average temperature difference of 6 °C. The thermal efficiency of PTC was of 20,4 %. Steam flow generated in the steady state was of 0,63 kg/h which allows to infer an overall thermal efficiency of 16,4 %.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Assessing refactorings for usability in e-commerce applications

Refactoring has been reported as a helpful technique to systematically improve non-functional attributes of software. This paper evaluates the relevance of refactoring for improving usability on web applications. We conducted an experiment with two replications at different locations, with subjects of different profiles. Objects chosen for the experiment were two e-commerce applications that exhibit common business processes in today's web usage. Through the experiment we found that half of the studied refactorings cause a significant improvement in usability. The rest of the refactorings required a post-hoc analysis in which we considered aspects like user expertise in the interaction with web applications or type of application. We conclude that, when improving quality in use, the success of the refactoring process depends on several factors, including the type of software system, context and users. We have analyzed all these aspects, which developers must consider for a better decision support at the time of prioritizing improvements and outweighing effort.Laboratorio de Investigación y Formación en Informática Avanzad

Aplicación de técnicas multicriterio en estudios de sistemas hídricos en el partido de General Pueyrredón, provincia de Buenos Aires

El agua subterránea es la única fuente de abastecimiento para la población y soporte esencial de las diversas actividades que se desarrollan en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires; constituye, además, un insumo esencial en los servicios ecológicos de los ecosistemas. El objetivo del trabajo fue generar una priorización de subcuencas hidrológicas para la gestión de los recursos hídricos subterráneos a través de un modelo multicriterio que pueda ser utilizado como herramienta de prevención y planificación del mismo. A partir del análisis de la red de drenajes en la zona mediante el modelo Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) se delimitaron siete subcuencas de interés. Dichas subcuencas se tomaron como alternativas del modelo de decisión Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) utilizando el software Criterium Decision Plus (CDP). Se definieron tres criterios de decisión: ubicación de las potenciales fuentes puntuales de contaminación; ubicación de los pozos públicos de extracción de agua para consumo humano y; profundidad del agua subterránea. Los resultados obtenidos destacan dos de las subcuencas estudiadas como las de mayor prioridad, las cuales presentan numerosas fuentes puntuales de potencial contaminación y pozos de extracción de agua para consumo humano.Eje temático: Legislación del Agua, Planificación y Economía de agu

The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.Peer reviewe

Critical assessment of protein intrinsic disorder prediction

Abstract: Intrinsically disordered proteins, defying the traditional protein structure–function paradigm, are a challenge to study experimentally. Because a large part of our knowledge rests on computational predictions, it is crucial that their accuracy is high. The Critical Assessment of protein Intrinsic Disorder prediction (CAID) experiment was established as a community-based blind test to determine the state of the art in prediction of intrinsically disordered regions and the subset of residues involved in binding. A total of 43 methods were evaluated on a dataset of 646 proteins from DisProt. The best methods use deep learning techniques and notably outperform physicochemical methods. The top disorder predictor has Fmax = 0.483 on the full dataset and Fmax = 0.792 following filtering out of bona fide structured regions. Disordered binding regions remain hard to predict, with Fmax = 0.231. Interestingly, computing times among methods can vary by up to four orders of magnitude

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries