Oxidation of the amyloid-beta peptide and consequences on the etiology of Alzheimer's disease

La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est la forme la plus fréquente de démence chez les personnes âgées. L'une de ses caractéristiques est la formation extracellulaire de plaques séniles dans le cerveau des malades, composées du peptide Amyloïde-ß (Aß) sous forme agrégée et d'ions métalliques tels que le cuivre. Le peptide Aß forme un complexe avec les ions cuivre, capable de catalyser la formation d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ERO), en présence d'un réducteur tel que l'ascorbate. Ces espèces oxydantes sont délétères pour les molécules environnantes, ainsi que pour le peptide Aß lui-même. Etant proche du site de production des ERO, Aß est une cible privilégiée, notamment pour le radical hydroxyle HO*. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier la réaction de production des ERO par le système Aß/Cu/ascorbate, de caractériser les dommages oxydatifs subis par Aß et d'évaluer les conséquences de l'oxydation de Aß sur la production des ERO, la coordination des ions métalliques et l'agrégation. Différentes techniques spectroscopiques ont été utilisées, notamment la spectrométrie de masse (MS), la spectroscopie de fluorescence, la résonnance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) et l'absorption de rayons X (XANES). Les sites d'oxydation du peptide Aß ont été étudiés par spectrométrie de masse (MS et MS/MS). Grâce à l'utilisation des outils de la protéomique et de la spectrométrie de masse à haute-résolution (HRMS), les acides aminés oxydés du peptide Aß ont été identifiés. Ainsi, Asp1, His13 et His14 sont les cibles privilégiées de l'attaque de HO*. Ce résultat était attendu puisque ces résidus sont impliqués dans la coordination du cuivre, par l'intermédiaire duquel les ERO sont directement générées. L'impact de l'oxydation du peptide sur la coordination des ions métalliques Cu(II), Cu(I) et Zn(II), la production de ERO ainsi que sur l'agrégation du peptide a été étudié. Les résultats ont montré que l'oxydation du peptide induit un changement de coordination du Zn(II) ainsi que des deux états d'oxydation du cuivre, menant à une augmentation de la production de ERO. De plus, l'oxydation de Aß a également un impact sur l'agrégation, ne privilégiant pas la formation de fibrilles. Le mode de coordination du complexe Cu-Aß lors de la production des ERO a été déduit de l'étude d'une série de peptides Aß comprenant un ou plusieurs acides aminés mutés. L'hypothèse proposant que les acides aminés oxydés sont ceux liés au cuivre lors de la production des ERO (Asp1, His13 et 14) a été renforcée, la mutation de Asp1 ou des deux His13 et 14 ayant un impact direct sur la production des ERO. Enfin, les effets pro- et anti-oxydants de l'ascorbate ont été étudiés, montrant que, sur le système Cu-Aß, l'ascorbate n'exerce ses propriétés anti-oxydantes qu'à forte concentration pour les molécules environnantes, mais qu'il n'a aucun effet protecteur sur le peptide Aß lui-même.Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most frequent for of dementia in the elderly. A hallmark of AD is the extracellular formation of senile plaques in the brain of AD subjects, composed of the Amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) under aggregated form with metal ions such as copper ions. Aß can form a complex with copper ions, able to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the presence of a reducing agent such as ascorbate. These oxidative species can oxidize the surrounding molecules and the Aß peptide itself. Being close to the production site of ROS, Aß is the preferential target, especially for the hydroxyl radical HO*. The aim of this work was to study the ROS production by the Aß/Cu/ascorbate system, to characterize the oxidation undergone by Aß and to evaluate the consequences of Aß oxidation on ROS production, metal ions coordination and aggregation. Several spectroscopic techniques have been used, in particular mass spectrometry (MS), fluorescence spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES). The oxidation sites of Aß have been studied by mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS). Thanks to the use of proteomic tools and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), the oxidized amino acid residues have been identified. Asp1, His 13 and His14 have been found to be the preferential targets for HO* on Aß. This result was expected as these residues are involved in copper coordination, from which the ROS are generated. The impact of Aß oxidation on Cu(II), Cu(I) and Zn(II) on metal ions coordination, on ROS production and on Aß aggregation has been studied. Results have shown that Aß oxidation induces a change of coordination of Zn(II) as well as Cu(II) and Cu(I), leading to an increase of ROS production. Moreover, Aß oxidation has also an impact on aggregation, as it does not favor fibrils formation. The Cu-Aß binding mode during ROS production has been deduced from the study of a series of mutated Aß peptides. The hypothesis, in which the amino acid residues bound to Cu during the ROS production are the oxidized one (Asp1, His 13 and His14) has been corroborated by the results of this study, the mutation of Asp1 or the two His having an impact on ROS production. Finally, the pro- and antioxidants effects of ascorbate have been investigated, showing that, on the Cu-Aß system, ascorbate only has antioxidant properties at high concentration for surrounding molecules, but does not exhibit any protecting effect on Aß itself

Designed Metal-ATCUN Derivatives: Redox- and Non-redox-Based Applications Relevant for Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine

UID/QUI/50006/2019The designed "ATCUN'' motif (amino-terminal copper and nickel binding site) is a replica of naturally occurring ATCUN site found in many proteins/peptides, and an attractive platform for multiple applications, which include nucleases, proteases, spectroscopic probes, imaging, and small molecule activation. ATCUN motifs are engineered at periphery by conjugation to recombinant proteins, peptides, fluorophores, or recognition domains through chemically or genetically, fulfilling the needs of various biological relevance and a wide range of practical usages. This chemistry has witnessed significant growth over the last few decades and several interesting ATCUN derivatives have been described. The redox role of the ATCUN moieties is also an important aspect to be considered. The redox potential of designed M-ATCUN derivatives is modulated by judicious choice of amino acid (including stereochemistry, charge, and position) that ultimately leads to the catalytic efficiency. In this context, a wide range of M-ATCUN derivatives have been designed purposefully for various redox- and non-redox-based applications, including spectroscopic probes, target-based catalytic metallodrugs, inhibition of amyloid-beta toxicity, and telomere shortening, enzyme inactivation, biomolecules stitching or modification, next-generation antibiotic, and small molecule activation.publishersversionpublishe

Dysregulation of neuronal iron homeostasis as an alternative unifying effect of mutations causing familial Alzheimer's disease

The overwhelming majority of dominant mutations causing early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOfAD) occur in only three genes, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP. An effect-in-common of these mutations is alteration of production of the APP-derived peptide, amyloid ß (Aß). It is this key fact that underlies the authority of the Amyloid Hypothesis that has informed Alzheimer's disease research for over two decades. Any challenge to this authority must offer an alternative explanation for the relationship between the PSEN genes and APP. In this paper, we explore one possible alternative relationship - the dysregulation of cellular iron homeostasis as a common effect of EOfAD mutations in these genes. This idea is attractive since it provides clear connections between EOfAD mutations and major characteristics of Alzheimer's disease such as dysfunctional mitochondria, vascular risk factors/hypoxia, energy metabolism, and inflammation. We combine our ideas with observations by others to describe a "Stress Threshold Change of State" model of Alzheimer's disease that may begin to explain the existence of both EOfAD and late onset sporadic (LOsAD) forms of the disease. Directing research to investigate the role of dysregulation of iron homeostasis in EOfAD may be a profitable way forward in our struggle to understand this form of dementia

TRPM2 channel-mediated cell death: an important mechanism linking oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors to associated pathological conditions

Oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species is a salient feature of, and a well-recognised pathological factor for, diverse pathologies. One common mechanism for oxidative stress damage is via the disruption of intracellular ion homeostasis to induce cell death. TRPM2 is a non-selective Ca2+-permeable cation channel with a wide distribution throughout the body and is highly sensitive to activation by oxidative stress. Recent studies have collected abundant evidence to show its important role in mediating cell death induced by miscellaneous oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors, both endogenous and exogenous, including ischemia/reperfusion and the neurotoxicants amyloid-β peptides and MPTP/MPP+ that cause neuronal demise in the brain, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, proinflammatory mediators that disrupt endothelial function, diabetogenic agent streptozotocin and diabetes risk factor free fatty acids that induce loss of pancreatic β-cells, bile acids that damage pancreatic acinar cells, renal ischemia/reperfusion and albuminuria that are detrimental to kidney cells, acetaminophen that triggers hepatocyte death, and nanoparticles that injure pericytes. Studies have also shed light on the signalling mechanisms by which these pathological factors activate the TRPM2 channel to alter intracellular ion homeostasis leading to aberrant initiation of various cell death pathways. TRPM2-mediated cell death thus emerges as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of conditions including ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pancreatitis, chronic kidney disease, liver damage and neurovascular injury. These findings raise the exciting perspective of targeting the TRPM2 channel as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat such oxidative stress-associated diseases

Oxydation du peptide amyloïde-beta et conséquences dan sl'étiologie de la maladie d'Alzheimer

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most frequent for of dementia in the elderly. A hallmark of AD is the extracellular formation of senile plaques in the brain of AD subjects, composed of the Amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) under aggregated form with metal ions such as copper ions. Aß can form a complex with copper ions, able to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the presence of a reducing agent such as ascorbate. These oxidative species can oxidize the surrounding molecules and the Aß peptide itself. Being close to the production site of ROS, Aß is the preferential target, especially for the hydroxyl radical HO*. The aim of this work was to study the ROS production by the Aß/Cu/ascorbate system, to characterize the oxidation undergone by Aß and to evaluate the consequences of Aß oxidation on ROS production, metal ions coordination and aggregation. Several spectroscopic techniques have been used, in particular mass spectrometry (MS), fluorescence spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES). The oxidation sites of Aß have been studied by mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS). Thanks to the use of proteomic tools and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), the oxidized amino acid residues have been identified. Asp1, His 13 and His14 have been found to be the preferential targets for HO* on Aß. This result was expected as these residues are involved in copper coordination, from which the ROS are generated. The impact of Aß oxidation on Cu(II), Cu(I) and Zn(II) on metal ions coordination, on ROS production and on Aß aggregation has been studied. Results have shown that Aß oxidation induces a change of coordination of Zn(II) as well as Cu(II) and Cu(I), leading to an increase of ROS production. Moreover, Aß oxidation has also an impact on aggregation, as it does not favor fibrils formation. The Cu-Aß binding mode during ROS production has been deduced from the study of a series of mutated Aß peptides. The hypothesis, in which the amino acid residues bound to Cu during the ROS production are the oxidized one (Asp1, His 13 and His14) has been corroborated by the results of this study, the mutation of Asp1 or the two His having an impact on ROS production. Finally, the pro- and antioxidants effects of ascorbate have been investigated, showing that, on the Cu-Aß system, ascorbate only has antioxidant properties at high concentration for surrounding molecules, but does not exhibit any protecting effect on Aß itself.La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est la forme la plus fréquente de démence chez les personnes âgées. L'une de ses caractéristiques est la formation extracellulaire de plaques séniles dans le cerveau des malades, composées du peptide Amyloïde-ß (Aß) sous forme agrégée et d'ions métalliques tels que le cuivre. Le peptide Aß forme un complexe avec les ions cuivre, capable de catalyser la formation d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ERO), en présence d'un réducteur tel que l'ascorbate. Ces espèces oxydantes sont délétères pour les molécules environnantes, ainsi que pour le peptide Aß lui-même. Etant proche du site de production des ERO, Aß est une cible privilégiée, notamment pour le radical hydroxyle HO*. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier la réaction de production des ERO par le système Aß/Cu/ascorbate, de caractériser les dommages oxydatifs subis par Aß et d'évaluer les conséquences de l'oxydation de Aß sur la production des ERO, la coordination des ions métalliques et l'agrégation. Différentes techniques spectroscopiques ont été utilisées, notamment la spectrométrie de masse (MS), la spectroscopie de fluorescence, la résonnance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) et l'absorption de rayons X (XANES). Les sites d'oxydation du peptide Aß ont été étudiés par spectrométrie de masse (MS et MS/MS). Grâce à l'utilisation des outils de la protéomique et de la spectrométrie de masse à haute-résolution (HRMS), les acides aminés oxydés du peptide Aß ont été identifiés. Ainsi, Asp1, His13 et His14 sont les cibles privilégiées de l'attaque de HO*. Ce résultat était attendu puisque ces résidus sont impliqués dans la coordination du cuivre, par l'intermédiaire duquel les ERO sont directement générées. L'impact de l'oxydation du peptide sur la coordination des ions métalliques Cu(II), Cu(I) et Zn(II), la production de ERO ainsi que sur l'agrégation du peptide a été étudié. Les résultats ont montré que l'oxydation du peptide induit un changement de coordination du Zn(II) ainsi que des deux états d'oxydation du cuivre, menant à une augmentation de la production de ERO. De plus, l'oxydation de Aß a également un impact sur l'agrégation, ne privilégiant pas la formation de fibrilles. Le mode de coordination du complexe Cu-Aß lors de la production des ERO a été déduit de l'étude d'une série de peptides Aß comprenant un ou plusieurs acides aminés mutés. L'hypothèse proposant que les acides aminés oxydés sont ceux liés au cuivre lors de la production des ERO (Asp1, His13 et 14) a été renforcée, la mutation de Asp1 ou des deux His13 et 14 ayant un impact direct sur la production des ERO. Enfin, les effets pro- et anti-oxydants de l'ascorbate ont été étudiés, montrant que, sur le système Cu-Aß, l'ascorbate n'exerce ses propriétés anti-oxydantes qu'à forte concentration pour les molécules environnantes, mais qu'il n'a aucun effet protecteur sur le peptide Aß lui-même

Analyse critique des pathologies chroniques et/ou handicapantes dans l'unité de réanimation pédiatrique de Caen

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les soins palliatifs à domicile (la place du médecin généraliste)

ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Real-time evolution of Aβ40 metal-catalyzed oxidation reveals Asp1 as the main target and a dependence on metal binding site

International audienceAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid plaques, mainly composed of aggregates of the Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). There are evidences of oxidative damages on biomolecules and on Aβ in vivo, suggesting a link between oxidative stress and AD. The dyshomeostasis of redox-active metal ions observed in AD and in particular the ability of Cu ions to catalyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) production when bound to Aβ might contribute to the oxidative stress. In the present study, we have investigated by mass spectrometry (MS) the oxidative damages undergone by Aβ40 during the copper-catalyzed ROS production. N-terminal Asp1 was found to be the main target of ROS, along with His13 and His14, oxidized into oxo-histidine. As expected, the Met35 residue is also oxidized. The time evolution of Aβ40 oxidation indicates that the N-terminal part of the peptide, encompassing the main Cu binding sites, is the first target, the oxidation being stopped after several minutes. In contrast, the C-terminal one is regularly oxidized as a function of time although to a lesser extent

Exploitation of Luminescent Lanthanide Nanoparticles for a Sensitivity-Enhanced ELISA Detection Method

International audienceA new detection method based on the photoluminescence properties of dye-sensitized lanthanide nanoparticles (Ln NPs) was developed for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In this method, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of phenol derivatives in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, providing dimers that are able to interact with the Ln NP surface and to efficiently photosensitize the Ln ions. Due to the very long emission lifetime of Ln, the time-gated detection of Ln NP luminescence allows the elimination of background noise due to the biological environment. After a comparison of the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of various phenol derivatives, methyl 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate (MHPA) was selected as the most promising substrate, as the highest Ln emission intensity was observed following its HRP-catalyzed oxidation. After a meticulous optimization of the conditions of both the enzymatic reaction and the Ln sensitization (buffer, pH, concentration of the reactants, NP type, etc.), this new detection method was successfully implemented in a commercial insulin ELISA kit as a proof-of-concept, with an increased sensitivity compared to the commercial detection method