Suplemento nutricional com recursos alimentares não convencionais e o seu efeito sobre e o seu efeito nos parâmetros produtivos dos coelhos

The effect of diets with nonconventional forage resources, balu (Erythrina edulis) and giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) was evaluated, on production parameters of New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under family farming production, in Silvania (Cundinamarca, Colombia). 36 weaned rabbits of 35 days old were used. They were distributed in 4 treatments (substitution of commercial pellets by giant taro leaves flour 25% (Giant taro), balu 25% (Balu); their mixture, giant taro 12.5% and balu 12.5% (GB), and a control with commercial pellets) with three repetitions each. Variables evaluated: initial weight at 35 days old, daily weight gain, consumption, feed conversion and final weight at 85 days old, carcass yield, haunch, loin and meat.  Data was analyzed by Tukey multiple comparison test at 5% significance level, variance homogeneity and error independence verified by means of Shapiro-Wilks, Levene and Durbin-Watson tests, respectively, by R program. No significant differences were found in the final weight, on weeks 5 and 6, which registered significant differences (p<0.05), for giant taro (1771.85±88.21 AB), control (1933.06±88.20 B), giant taro (1935.05±91.26 AB), control (2144.42±91.26 B) respectively.  Daily weight gain showed significant differences (p<0.05) at week 5 for giant taro (33.56±2.82 AB); control (.37±2.825 B). Significant differences were showed by most zootechnical variables (p<0.05). The results showed that diets with nonconventional forage resources (balu and giant taro) are a viable alternative for animal feeding, due to their high nutritional content and as a by-product of commercial interest for rural families in areas of the middle Colombian tropics.Se evaluó el efecto de dietas con recursos forrajeros no convencionales, chachafruto (Erythrina edulis) y bore (Alocasia macrorrhiza), sobre parámetros productivos de conejos raza nueva Zelanda blanco (Oryctolagus cuniculus) bajo producción de agricultura familiar en Silvania (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Se utilizaron 36 conejos destetos de 35 días, los cuales fueron distribuidos en 4 tratamientos (sustitución de concentrado comercial por harinas de hojas de bore 25% (Bore), chachafruto 25% (Balu), su mezcla bore 12.5% y balu 12.5% (BB) y un control con concentrado comercial) con tres repeticiones cada uno. Se evaluaron variables como: peso inicial a los 35 días, ganancia diaria de peso, consumo,  conversión alimenticia y peso final a los 85 dias de edad, rendimiento en canal, anca, lomo, carne.  Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey con significancia del 5%. La varianza, homogeneidad y error fueron verificados por la prueba de Shapiro-Wilks, Levene y Durbin-Watson, utilizando el programa R. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso final, en las semanas 5 y 6 que registraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05), para el Bore (1771,85±88,21 AB); Control (1933,06±88,20 B) Bore (1935,05±91,26 AB); Control (2144,42±91,26 B) respectivamente; la ganancia diaria de peso presentó diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en la semana 5 para Bore (33,56±2,82 AB); Control (,37±2,825 B). La mayoría de variables zootécnicas presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que las dietas con recursos forrajeros no convencionales (chachafruto y bore) son una alternativa viable para la alimentación animal por su alto contenido nutricional y como subproducto de interés comercial para familias rurales de zonas del trópico medio colombiano.Foi avaliado o efeito das dietas com recursos forrageiros não convencionais, chachafruit (Erythrina edulis) e bore (Alocasia macrorrhiza), nos parâmetros produtivos dos coelhos brancos da Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus) sob produção agrícola familiar na Silvânia (Cundinamarca, Colômbia). Foram utilizados 36 coelhos desmamados de 35 dias, que foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos (substituição do concentrado comercial por farinha de folha de furo 25% (Bore), chachafruit 25% (Balu), a sua mistura de furo 12,5% e balu 12,5% (BB) e um controlo com concentrado comercial) com três réplicas cada. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: peso inicial aos 35 dias, ganho de peso diário, ingestão de alimentos, conversão alimentar e peso final aos 85 dias de idade, rendimento da carcaça, alho, lombo e carne.  Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey com um significado de 5%. A variância, homogeneidade e erro foram verificados pelo teste Shapiro-Wilks, Levene e Durbin-Watson, utilizando o programa R. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no peso final, nas semanas 5 e 6 que registaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05), para Bore (1771,85±88,21 AB); Controlo (1933,06±88,20 B) Bore (1935,05±91,26 AB); Controlo (2144,42±91,26 B) respectivamente; o ganho de peso diário apresentou diferenças significativas (p<0,05) na semana 5 para Bore (33,56±2,82 AB); Controlo (,37±2,825 B). A maioria das variáveis zootécnicas apresentou diferenças significativas (p<0,05). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as dietas com recursos forrageiros não convencionais (chachafruit e bore) são uma alternativa viável para a alimentação animal devido ao seu elevado conteúdo nutricional e como subproduto de interesse comercial para as famílias rurais nas zonas meio-tropicais colombianas

Relation between liver lipid content and plasma biochemical indicators in dairy cows

Background: The incidence of metabolic disorders in dairy cows has increased as a result of intensive production practices and genetic selection for milk yield. Among such disorders, liver lipidosis is very frequently observed and has significant negative effects on cow health and milk yield. Severe energy supply deficit causes high fat mobilization, resulting in rapid body condition loss and liver lipid infiltration, which cannot always be detected by known blood biochemical indicators. The main objective of the study was to determine possible associations of blood biochemical parameters with liver lipid infiltration severity in high-yield multiparous Holstein cows along prepartum and postpartum periods. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifty-four high-yield Holstein cows from a herd managed in a free-stall system in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were evaluated. Cows were divided in two groups according to their physiological status. Group 1 included 19 prepartum cows, with an average milk yield of 44.7 L/d in the previous lactation, and 2.8 average parity, and Group 2 included 35 postpartum cows, with an average milk yield of 46.8 L/d in the previous lactation, and 2.5 average parity. The farm produced 10,000 kg milk per year, containing 3.5% of fat, 3.2% of protein and 4.7% of lactose. Total cholesterol (CH), plasma triglycerides (TGp), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), albumin (ALB), non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) ac-tivities were analyzed in the plasma and liver triglycerides (TGl) levels were determined in liver tissue samples. The SPSS statistical software was used for the statistical analyses. The obtained data were analyzed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and for homoscedasticity by Bartlett test. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by the t-test (PROC TTEST). Pearson correlation test (PROC CORR) was used to compare the results between prepartum and postpartum cows, and between those with and without lipidosis. An overall incidence of 20% severe hepatic lipidosis was determined both in prepartum and postpartum cows. Positive significant correlations were obtained between days in milk (DIM) and AST (r= 0.43; P < 0.01), CH and TGp (r= 0.44; P < 0.01), TGl and AST (r=0.32; P < 0.05), NEFA and AST (r= 0.45; P < 0.01) and CK and AST (r= 0.447; P < 0.01). Negative significant correlations were detected between TGp and DIM (r= -0.45; P < 0.01), and between TGl and TGp (r= -0.30; P < 0.05). Discussion: Prepartum cows showed moderate fat infiltration in the liver, while 25.7% of postpartum cows presented severe lipidosis. AST values increased as lactation progressed, suggesting a greater tendency of liver damage, in early postpartum. The obtained CK values were within the reference range, except for the cows with hepatic lipidosis, indicat¬ing that the measured AST activity was originated from the liver and not from the muscle tissues. TGp, NEFA and AST values indicate the degree of fat mobilization and, possibly, liver infiltration, while TGl indicates fat infiltration in the liver. Although negative energy balance (NEB) may trigger lipolysis and some degree of hepatic lipidosis, plasma BHB values did not significantly increase. The obtained results show that the evaluated plasma parameters may be useful to establish guidelines for the identification of changes in the metabolic profile of dairy cows during different production stages, as well as measures for the prevention and control of metabolic disorders

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios Pisba, Tunja, Sogamoso y Chiquinquirá

En las comunidades donde se ha presentado la violencia armada, es importante el acompañamiento psicosocial, ya que este es un proceso con el que se pretende ayudar y dar garantía a todas aquellas víctimas para la reconstrucción de su identidad y derechos humanos, además, también se pretende restaurar su tejido tanto con el núcleo familiar como en sus relaciones sociales y vínculos interpersonales. De esta manera se logra las diferentes posturas desde el plano de la restauración de su tejido social aportando al proceso de resocialización. El presente informe, se desarrolla teniendo en cuenta los relatos: historias que retornan capítulo 4 “Nelson” tomado de la comisión de la verdad. (2022), Masacre en el salado: relatos de residencia después de 20 años y la narrativa de la foto voz. Con el propósito de abordar desde el punto de vista narrativo todos aquellos impactos y secuelas psicosociales y las problemáticas psicopolíticas que ha dejado la violencia perpetrada por parte de los grupos al margen de la ley, estos relatos se experimentan a partir de experiencias propias de estos actores lo que permite que el profesional en psicología realice un análisis en profundidad sobre estos hechos para así realizar la intervención adecuada.In communities where armed violence has occurred, psychosocial support is important, since this is a process that is intended to help and guarantee all those victims for the reconstruction of their identity and human rights. It aims to restore its fabric both with the family nucleus and in its social relationships and interpersonal ties. In this way, the different positions are achieved from the level of the restoration of its social fabric, contributing to the process of resocialization. This report is developed considering the stories that return chapter 4 "Nelson" taken from the truth commission. (2022), Massacre in the salty: stories of residence after 20 years and the narrative of the photovoice. With the purpose of addressing from the narrative point of view all those impacts and psychosocial consequences and the psychopolitical problems that the violence perpetrated by groups outside the law has left, these stories are experienced based on the experiences of these actors. which allows the professional in psychology to carry out an indepth analysis of these facts to carry out the appropriate intervention

Nutritional, social and health factors of elderly people

ABSTRACT: The aging is a dynamic, progressive and irreversible process influenced by many biological, physical and social factors. High proportion of the society sees in aging, a process in which people lose their autonomy, independence, and intellectual capacity, consequently elderly people become a burden for their families and for the society. During last years, this concept has been changing favorably in part because of desire of adults and elderly people of having a successful and active aging as defined by the Word Health organization. This definition consist of physical, social and mental well-being opportunities of elderly stage as part of the vital process, with adequate nutrition and physical activity, aspects, that are usually neglected. This process is experienced by all countries in the world, some of them with higher rates. Although Colombia does not have those rates, strategies need be established in order to improve the quality of life of this population.RESUMEN: El envejecimiento es un proceso dinámico, progresivo e irreversible en el que intervienen múltiples factores biológicos, psíquicos y sociales; una alta proporción de la sociedad ve en el envejecimiento, un proceso en el que las personas pierden su autonomía, independencia, la capacidad laboral e intelectual; convirtiéndose el adulto mayor en una carga para sus familias y la sociedad. En los últimos años este concepto está cambiando favorablemente, en parte por el deseo de las personas adultas y de los adultos mayores de tener un envejecimiento exitoso o activo como lo define la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en el cual convergen las oportunidades de bienestar físico, social y mental que se han tenido durante toda la vida, y la aceptación del envejecimiento como una etapa más del proceso vital en la que debe tenerse una adecuada nutrición y actividad física, aspectos que generalmente son descuidados en esta etapa. El proceso de envejecimiento lo enfrentan todos los países del mundo, algunos con índices más elevados; aunque Colombia no presenta tales índices, se deben establecer estrategias que redunden en una buena calidad de vida de los adultos mayores

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación de la falla cardiaca en población mayor de 18 años, clasificación B, C y D

La falla cardíaca es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por síntomas y signos típicos de insuficiencia cardíaca, adicional a la evidencia objetiva de una anomalía estructural o funcional del corazón. Guía completa 2016. Guía No. 53Población mayor de 18 añosN/

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público