Educação e futuros: desafios em busca de equidade

Este texto faz sintética apreciação das condições sociais e educacionais no Brasil e apresenta propostas de ação para enfrentar situações de grande carência ou risco no atendimento educacional básico. A educação escolar no Brasil ainda deixa muito a desejar, embora políticas educacionais implementadas nos últimos trinta anos tenham ensejado alguns avanços a serem reconhecidos. A emergência da pandemia do novo coronavírus agudizou desigualdades e seletividades já existentes. À luz dos diferenciais sociais e econômicos sugere-se um mapeamento de condições extremas que demandem ações específicas, como ponto de partida para intervenções com participação local. Este seria caminho plausível para se buscar a superação de desigualdades gritantes. Palavras-chave: políticas educacionais; dados educacionais; desigualdade; propostas de açã

Estudio de la actividad antibiótica del veneno de serpiente Bothrops (Ophidia: Viperidae: Crotalinae)

La investigación de venenos animales con capacidad inhibitoria del crecimiento de microorganismos es un fenómeno estudiado por algunos autores. El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar la presencia de capacidad antibiótica en venenos de distintas especies de serpientes del Género Bothrops que habitan la Argentina. Los venenos se recolectaron haciendo morder a los ofidios (B. alternatus, B. neuwiedi, B. ammodytoides, B. jararaca y B. jararacussu) placas de petri. Se obtuvieron 37 cepas bacterianas todas procedentes de aislamientos clínicos a partir de humanos, comprendiendo: 4 Acinetobacter sp., 6 Klebsiella pneunioniae, 1 Morganella morganii, 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 Proteus rnirabilis, 1 Shigella flecnerii, 5 Escherichia cof, 6 Enterococcus faecalis, 1 Enterococcus sp., 3 Staphylococcus aureus, y 3 S. epiderrnidis. Las pruebas de sensibilidad a los antibióticos fueron realizadas según el método de Bauer y Kirby en el cual se emplearon discos comerciales embebidos con antibióticos según metodología convencional (NCCLS). Se desprende de lo observado que B. alternatus y B. ammjararacussu se encontraron entre los venenos con menor actividad antibiótica mientras que B. neuwiedi y B. jararaca mostraron una actividad dispar frente a distintas cepas de microorganismos. El análisis de los datos obtenidos en este estudio permite sugerir que los venenos de las especies de Bothrops de Argentina muestran algún grado de actividad antibiótica contra distintos tipos de microorganismos.Palabras claves: Serpiente, Bothropos, antibióticos.AbstractSnake venoms were collected by milking animals (B. alternatus, B. neuwiedi, B. ammodytoides, B. jararaca and B. jararacussu) on petri dish. 37 bacterial strains viere obtained frorn clinical human isolations:4 Acinetobacter sp. 6 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 Morganella morganii, 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 Proteus rnirabilis, 1 Shigella flecnerii, 5 Escherichia coli, 6 Enterococcus faecalis, 1 Enterococcus sp., 3 Staphylococcus aureus y 3 S. epiderrnidis. The sensibility test to the antibiotics were conducted according to the Bauer and Kirby rnethod by, commercial disks with antibiotics following conventional rnethodology (NCCLS). B. alternatus and B. jararacussu were found among the less active venoms with antibiotic activity while B. neuwiedi, B. ammodytoides and B. jararaca showed different activity as compared to different microorganism strains. The analysis of the data obtained allow us to assert that all the species of Bothrops of Argentina show antibiotic activity against different kinds of rnicroorganisms.Key Words: Snake, Bothrops, antibiotic activity.

Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change

Amazonia hosts the Earth's largest tropical forests and has been shown to be an important carbon sink over recent decades1-3. This carbon sink seems to be in decline, however, as a result of factors such as deforestation and climate change1-3. Here we investigate Amazonia's carbon budget and the main drivers responsible for its change into a carbon source. We performed 590 aircraft vertical profiling measurements of lower-tropospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide at four sites in Amazonia from 2010 to 20184. We find that total carbon emissions are greater in eastern Amazonia than in the western part, mostly as a result of spatial differences in carbon-monoxide-derived fire emissions. Southeastern Amazonia, in particular, acts as a net carbon source (total carbon flux minus fire emissions) to the atmosphere. Over the past 40 years, eastern Amazonia has been subjected to more deforestation, warming and moisture stress than the western part, especially during the dry season, with the southeast experiencing the strongest trends5-9. We explore the effect of climate change and deforestation trends on carbon emissions at our study sites, and find that the intensification of the dry season and an increase in deforestation seem to promote ecosystem stress, increase in fire occurrence, and higher carbon emissions in the eastern Amazon. This is in line with recent studies that indicate an increase in tree mortality and a reduction in photosynthesis as a result of climatic changes across Amazonia1,10.</p

Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change

Amazonia hosts the Earth’s largest tropical forests and has been shown to be an important carbon sink over recent decades1,2,3. This carbon sink seems to be in decline, however, as a result of factors such as deforestation and climate change1,2,3. Here we investigate Amazonia’s carbon budget and the main drivers responsible for its change into a carbon source. We performed 590 aircraft vertical profiling measurements of lower-tropospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide at four sites in Amazonia from 2010 to 20184. We find that total carbon emissions are greater in eastern Amazonia than in the western part, mostly as a result of spatial differences in carbon-monoxide-derived fire emissions. Southeastern Amazonia, in particular, acts as a net carbon source (total carbon flux minus fire emissions) to the atmosphere. Over the past 40 years, eastern Amazonia has been subjected to more deforestation, warming and moisture stress than the western part, especially during the dry season, with the southeast experiencing the strongest trends5,6,7,8,9. We explore the effect of climate change and deforestation trends on carbon emissions at our study sites, and find that the intensification of the dry season and an increase in deforestation seem to promote ecosystem stress, increase in fire occurrence, and higher carbon emissions in the eastern Amazon. This is in line with recent studies that indicate an increase in tree mortality and a reduction in photosynthesis as a result of climatic changes across Amazonia1,10

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Innovative education and training in high power laser plasmas (PowerLaPs) for plasma physics, high power laser matter interactions and high energy density physics: experimental diagnostics and simulations

The second and final year of the Erasmus Plus programme "Innovative Education and Training in high power laser plasmas", otherwise known as PowerLaPs, is described. The PowerLaPs programme employs an innovative paradigm in that it is a multi-centre programme where teaching takes place in five separate institutes with a range of different aims and styles of delivery. The "in class" time is limited to four weeks a year, and the programme spans two years. PowerLaPs aims to train students from across Europe in theoretical, applied, and laboratory skills relevant to the pursuit of research in laser plasma interaction physics and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Lectures are intermingled with laboratory sessions, and continuous assessment activities. The programme, which is led by workers from the Hellenic Mediterranean University, and supported by co-workers from Queens University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University in Prague, Ecole Polytechnique, the University of Ioannina, the University of Salamanca, and the University of York, has just finished its second and final year. Six Learning Teaching Training (LTT) activities have been held, at the Queens University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University, the University of Salamanca, and the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers (CPPL) of the Hellenic Mediterranean University. The last of these institute hosted two two-week long Intensive Programmes (IPs), whilst the activities at the other four universities were each five days in length. In addition to this a "Multiplier Event" was held at the University of Ioannina, which will be briefly described. In this second year the work has concentrated upon training in both experimental diagnostics and simulation techniques appropriate to the study of Plasma Physics, High Power Laser-Matter Interactions and High Energy Density Physics. The nature of the programme will be described in detail and some metrics relating to the activities carried out will be presented. In particular this paper will focus upon the overall assessment of the programme

Search for supersymmetry at √s=13 TeV in final states with jets and two same-sign leptons or three leptons with the ATLAS detector

A search for strongly produced supersymmetric particles is conducted using signatures involving multiple energetic jets and either two isolated leptons (e or μ μ) with the same electric charge or at least three isolated leptons. The search also utilises b-tagged jets, missing transverse momentum and other observables to extend its sensitivity. The analysis uses a data sample of proton–proton collisions at √s=13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb −1. No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed. The results are interpreted in several simplified supersymmetric models and extend the exclusion limits from previous searches. In the context of exclusive production and simplified decay modes, gluino masses are excluded at 95% 95% confidence level up to 1.1–1.3 TeV for light neutralinos (depending on the decay channel), and bottom squark masses are also excluded up to 540 GeV. In the former scenarios, neutralino masses are also excluded up to 550–850 GeV for gluino masses around 1 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb−1 of √s=8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s= 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in the various signal regions and 95% confidence level upper limits on the visible cross section for new phenomena are set. The results of the analysis are interpreted in several SUSY scenarios, significantly extending previous limits obtained in the same final states. In the framework of minimal gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, values of the SUSY breaking scale Λ below 63 TeV are excluded, independently of tan β. Exclusion limits are also derived for an mSUGRA/CMSSM model, in both the R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating case. A further interpretation is presented in a framework of natural gauge mediation, in which the gluino is assumed to be the only light coloured sparticle and gluino masses below 1090 GeV are excluded