Origin and quantification of circulating DNA in mice with human colorectal cancer xenografts

Although circulating DNA (ctDNA) could be an attractive tool for early cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring or prediction of response to therapies, knowledge on its origin, form and rate of release is poor and often contradictory. Here, we describe an experimental system to systematically examine these aspects. Nude mice were xenografted with human HT29 or SW620 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells and ctDNA was analyzed by Q–PCR with highly specific and sensitive primer sets at different times post-graft. We could discriminate ctDNA from normal (murine) cells and from mutated and non-mutated tumor (human) cells by using species-specific KRAS or PSAT1 primers and by assessing the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation. The concentration of human (mutated and non-mutated) ctDNA increased significantly with tumor growth. Conversely, and differently from previous studies, low, constant level of mouse ctDNA was observed, thus facilitating the study of mutated and non-mutated tumor derived ctDNA. Finally, analysis of ctDNA fragmentation confirmed the predominance of low-size fragments among tumor ctDNA from mice with bigger tumors. Higher ctDNA fragmentation was also observed in plasma samples from three metastatic CRC patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Our data confirm the predominance of mononucleosome-derived fragments in plasma from xenografted animals and, as a consequence, of apoptosis as a source of ctDNA, in particular for tumor-derived ctDNA. Altogether, our results suggest that ctDNA features vary during CRC tumor development and our experimental system might be a useful tool to follow such variations

Measurement of differential cross sections and W + /W − cross-section ratios for W boson production in association with jets at √s =8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the W boson production cross section and the W + /W − cross-section ratio, both in association with jets, in proton--proton collisions at s √ =8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in final states containing one electron and missing transverse momentum using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb −1 . Differential cross sections for events with one or two jets are presented for a range of observables, including jet transverse momenta and rapidities, the scalar sum of transverse momenta of the visible particles and the missing transverse momentum in the event, and the transverse momentum of the W boson. For a subset of the observables, the differential cross sections of positively and negatively charged W bosons are measured separately. In the cross-section ratio of W + /W − the dominant systematic uncertainties cancel out, improving the measurement precision by up to a factor of nine. The observables and ratios selected for this paper provide valuable input for the up quark, down quark, and gluon parton distribution functions of the proto

Measurement of differential cross sections and W⁺/W⁻ cross-section ratios for W boson production in association with jets at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the W boson production cross section and the W⁺/W⁻ cross-section ratio, both in association with jets, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in final states containing one electron and missing transverse momentum using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb⁻¹. Differential cross sections for events with at least one or two jets are presented for a range of observables, including jet transverse momenta and rapidities, the scalar sum of transverse momenta of the visible particles and the missing transverse momentum in the event, and the transverse momentum of the W boson. For a subset of the observables, the differential cross sections of positively and negatively charged W bosons are measured separately. In the cross-section ratio of W⁺/W⁻ the dominant systematic uncertainties cancel out, improving the measurement precision by up to a factor of nine. The observables and ratios selected for this paper provide valuable input for the up quark, down quark, and gluon parton distribution functions of the proton

The sensorimotor control of the foot during running and tiring static contraction

Le contrôle sensorimoteur du pied est le fondement des adaptations de l’Homme à son environnement. La station debout et la marche nécessitent l’intervention de toutes les composantes du contrôle sensorimoteur, les mécanorécepteurs plantaires renseignant le système nerveux central sur la position du corps dans l'espace. Notre travail de thèse a consisté en un premier temps à établir un protocole permettant de quantifier la sensation tactile plantaire qui nous a permis de nous intéresser à l’effet des orthèses plantaires sur la perception tactile plantaire. Nos résultats mettent en évidence chez la majorité de nos sujets, que les orthèses appliquées sur les seuls appuis rétrocapitaux augmentent la discrimination des plus faibles charges mécaniques après 30 jours de port de semelles. Ces variations dépendent de la position du pied lors de la station debout et du pattern de marche. Nous avons aussi exploré le contrôle moteur lors du maintien de la station debout et d’un exercice de course à vitesse maximale. Après un effort statique maximal recrutant de façon sélective les muscles inverseurs du pied (tibialis antérior, TA), les surfaces d’appui plantaires et la surface du trajet du barycentre augmentent, il existe une altération du réflexe myotatique dans le seul TA faisant suite à des signes de fatigue électromyographique (réduction de fréquence médiane) après appui maximal. Faisant suite à un effort dynamique maximal (course sur tapis roulant), nous observons les mêmes phénomènes : augmentation des surfaces d’appui plantaire et du trajet du barycentre des pressions, et diminution de la fréquence médiane dans le seul muscle TA aux vitesses de course les plus élevées.The sensorimotor control of foot placement and motion plays a key role in the adaptive response of human being to his environment. The participation of both sensory and motor components is needed to control the foot placement during gait and posture and mechanoreceptors in the foot sole give major information on the body position. First, we established a protocol to quantify the sensation of foot sole pressure stimulation, which allowed us to examine the effects of metatarsal pads, and heel lifts in healthy subjects. We observed that 30-days of occupational activities with metatarsal pads elicited significant changes in sensation, lowering the threshold for the detection of the lowest pressure loads and, depending on the pattern of foot placement during upright standing and walking, modifying the global gain for the foot sensation. Second, we examined the consequences of fatiguing static contraction of foot invertor muscles (tibialis anterior or TA) and of maximal running exercise on a treadmill on post-test changes in foot placement using a baropodometer, maximal force production by TA. Power spectrum analyses of electromyographic (EMG) events were performed during both static and dynamic efforts and we also explored the myotatic reflexes through the recording of the tonic vibratory response (TVR) in foot muscles. Our results showed significant changes in post-test foot placement in the direction of foot eversion in both situations, significant decrease in maximal inversion force, a leftward shift of EMG spectrum in the sole TA muscle, indicating EMG signs of fatigue, and 4) significant reduction of TVR amplitude in the sole TA muscle after sustained static effort

Method for Determining a Sedimentation or Creaming Rate (by resonant electromagnetism)

voir https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=1&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=fr_EP&FT=D&date=20201204&CC=CN&NR=112041658A&KC=A#The invention relates to a method for determining the rate at which a mixture in suspension sediments or forms a skim involving applying a test specimen of the mixture in suspension to a photon micro-resonator, application of a first optical system to the input of the photon micro-resonator bearing the test specimen of the mixture in suspension, acquisition and recording of a second optical signal, delivered on the output of the micro-resonator bearing the test specimen of the mixture in suspension, and determining an item of information indicative of a rate at which the mixture sediments or forms a skim from the recorded second signal using successive iterations of spectral analysis of the second optical signal

Contribution de la biotechnologie à la virologie structurale et fonctionnelle

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Sci.Luminy (130552106) / SudocSudocFranceF

L'extrémité 5' de l'ARNm du virus de la Dengue (trois enzymes et une coiffe)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Sci.Luminy (130552106) / SudocSudocFranceF

On the dynamic monitoring of the variations in blood viscosity by resonant optical signal

International audienceThis study concerns the development of sensors based on integrated photonics and resonator elements for monitoring the dynamic processes of sedimentation and drying of various bloods. The resonant structures of integrated photonics were produced and shaped on Si/SiO2 and organic UV210 substrate, by deposition and microlithography processes allowing achieving patterns of sub-wavelength dimensions. The micro-resonators produced could be incorporated into a detection platform and fine measurements thermally controlled, were performed thanks to a specific signal processing by implemented codes. The analyses and monitoring over time of the different bloods were carried out with an identical defined protocol. The different bloods studied were sampled respectively from poultry, goats and humans with various characteristics in terms of red blood cell sizes, viscosities and densities. The analyzes relating to the sedimentation rates, the viscosity measurements by rheometer and the images of the red blood cells were carried out by different methods and apparatus for all the blood studied. These latest corroborated by our specific resonant measurements on integrated chip and sensors allow us to converge and conclude that the device and photonic chip sensor produced can discriminate the different bloods, with in the 1st order, an equivalent and differential viscosity measurements. This work further proves that rheology by optical means (and not mechanically) is possible

Psychophysical estimate of plantar vibration sensitivity brings additional information to the detection threshold in young and elderly subjects

Objective: Vibration detection threshold of the foot sole was compared to the psychophysical estimate of vibration in a wide range of amplitudes in young (20–34 years old) and elderly subjects (53–67 years old). Methods: The vibration detection threshold was determined on the hallux, 5th metatarsal head, and heel at frequencies of 25, 50 and 150 Hz. For vibrations of higher amplitude (reaching 360 μm), the Stevens power function (Ψ = k * Φn) allowed to obtain regression equations between the vibration estimate (Ψ) and its physical magnitude (Φ), the n coefficient giving the subjective intensity in vibration perception. We searched for age-related changes in the vibration perception by the foot sole. Results: In all participants, higher n values were measured at vibration frequencies of 150 Hz and, compared to the young adults the elderly had lower n values measured at this frequency. Only in the young participants, the vibration detection threshold was lowered at 150 Hz. Conclusion: The psychophysical estimate brings further information than the vibration detection threshold which is less affected by age. Significance: The clinical interest of psychophysical vibration estimate was assessed in a patient with a unilateral alteration of foot sensitivity. Keywords: Vibration sensitivity, Vibration detection threshold, Foot sole, Elderl

Approches bioinformatiques et structurales des réplicases virales

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Sci.Luminy (130552106) / SudocSudocFranceF