Pie de Charcot. Cuando menos es más.

Paciente diabética de 71 años de edad, insulino-dependiente, obesa e hipertensa con mal con - trol metabólico que presentó una fractura de tobillo y una luxación subastragalina. Inicialmente fue tratada en su hospital con tracción transesquelética durante varias semanas que resultó infructuosa, evolucionando a una desestructuración completa del retropié y a una úlcera profunda y tórpida, al iniciar la marcha la paciente.Con este escenario acude la paciente a nuestras consultas, tras dos años de evolución, para valorar alternativas a la amputación.A 71-years-old female, diabetic pacient insulin-dependent, obese with high blood pressure and poor metabolic control suffered an ankle fracture and a subtalar dislocation. At the beginning skeletal traction was applied at her Institution but result was unsuccessful, so a complete breakdown of the hindfoot and a deep and torpid ulcer developed. Facing this scenario the patient came to our clinic, after two years of evolution, to assess alternatives to amputation

Total, Bioavailable, and Free Vitamin D Levels and Their Prognostic Value in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Introduction: Epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, whether total, bioavailable, and/or free vitamin D levels have a prognostic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. We aimed to determine total, bioavailable, and free 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)vitD) plasma levels and their prognostic value in PAH patients. Methods: In total, 67 samples of plasma from Spanish patients with idiopathic, heritable, or drug-induced PAH were obtained from the Spanish PH Biobank and compared to a cohort of 100 healthy subjects. Clinical parameters were obtained from the Spanish Registry of PAH (REHAP). Results: Seventy percent of PAH patients had severe vitamin D deficiency (total 25(OH)vitD < 10 ng/mL) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. PAH patients with total 25(OH)vitD plasma above the median of this cohort (7.17 ng/mL) had better functional class and higher 6-min walking distance and TAPSE (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion). The main outcome measure of survival was significantly increased in these patients (age-adjusted hazard ratio: 5.40 (95% confidence interval: 2.88 to 10.12)). Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and albumin plasma levels were downregulated in PAH. Bioavailable 25(OH)vitD was decreased in PAH patients compared to the control cohort. Lower levels of bioavailable 25(OH)vitD (<0.91 ng/mL) were associated with more advanced functional class, lower exercise capacity, and higher risk of mortality. Free 25(OH)vitD did not change in PAH; however, lower free 25(OH)vitD (<1.53 pg/mL) values were also associated with high risk of mortality. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in PAH, and low levels of total 25(OH)vitD were associated with poor prognosis

Data Descriptor : A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment.Peer reviewe

Tratamiento de los pseudoaneurismas iatrogénicos : comparación de la técnica de ecocompresión con la inyección ecoguiada de trombina humana

Objetivo. Se analizan la efectividad, la tolerancia y la seguridad de dos técnicas poco invasivas del tratamiento de los pseudoaneurismas arteriales iatrogénicos. Pacientes y métodos. De septiembre de 1997 a septiembre de 2004 se trató un total de 25 pseudoaneurismas iatrogénicos (24 femorales y 1 axilar). Se trataron 16 casos mediante ecocompresión y 9 mediante inyección ecoguiada de trombina humana. La ecocompresión se realizó en sesiones de 10-20 minutos y se comprimía el cuello del pseudoaneurisma. La inyección de trombina se realizó ecoguiada en la cavidad del pseudoaneurisma y se inyectaron unas dosis medias de 527 UI de trombina humana (procedente del Tissucol ®). Se realizó un control ecográfico de la cavidad del pseudoaneurisma, así como un control clínico de la extremidad inmediatamente después y a las 24 horas del procedimiento. Resultados. La efectividad del tratamiento fue del 81% en los casos tratados con ecocompresión y del 100% en los tratados con trombina. Los tres casos que no se resolvieron mediante ecocompresión se reconvirtieron a cirugía abierta. Los pacientes tratados toleraron mejor la técnica de la trombina. La estancia media tras el procedimiento fue de 48 horas en el caso de la ecocompresión y de 24 horas en la inyección de trombina. No se detectaron casos de isquemia arterial o embolización distal en ningún paciente. Conclusiones. La inyección ecoguiada de trombina humana es una técnica más efectiva, segura y tolerable por el paciente que la ecocompresión, por lo que se considera en nuestro centro un tratamiento de primera elección

Diagnóstico diferencial de las masas cervicales

Introducción. Algunas patologías vasculares se manifiestan como masas cervicales (tumores de glomo, aneurismas o elongaciones carotídeas) que requieren un diagnóstico diferencial con masas de otras características. Casos clínicos. Se presentan dos casos correspondientes a confusiones diagnósticas de la naturaleza de la masa cervical, a pesar de haberse estudiado preoperatoriamente de forma completa. El primer caso es un varón de 52 años en el que se realizó el diagnóstico intraoperatorio de aneurisma de la arteria carótida interna en el transcurso de una intervención para extirpar una supuesta adenopatía cervical. En el estudio preoperatorio se realizó una ecografía, una tomografía computarizada (TC) sin contraste e incluso la punción de la masa. Se procedió a la resección del aneurisma y la interposición de un segmento de vena safena carotidocarotídeo, sin complicaciones postoperatorias. El segundo caso es una mujer de 42 años, en la que se realizó el diagnóstico histológico de metástasis cervical de un carcinoma de tiroides al estudiar la pieza de un supuesto tumor de glomo carotídeo que dependía del nervio vago. El estudio preoperatorio incluyó la realización de una ecografía, una resonancia magnética cervical e incluso una arteriografía. En el estudio de extensión se realizó una TC cervical que evidenció una glándula tiroidea heterogénea y adenopatías cervicales bilaterales, por lo que se realizó una tiroidectomía total con vaciamiento funcional bilateral. Conclusiones. Las masas cervicales requieren la realización de varias pruebas tras las cuales se suele llegar al diagnóstico correcto. Sin embargo, en ocasiones se puede producir una confusión diagnóstica y someter al paciente a riesgos potencialmente graves

Safety of primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection: an international, multi-centre prospective audit.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: group, T. E. S. o. C. c. (2018). "Safety of primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection: an international, multi-centre prospective audit." Colorectal Disease 20(S6): 47-57., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.1437. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsINTRODUCTION: Some evidence suggests that primary anastomosis following left sided colorectal resection in the emergency setting may be safe in selected patients, and confer favourable outcomes to permanent enterostomy. The aim of this study was to compare the major postoperative complication rate in patients undergoing end stoma vs primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection. METHODS: A pre-planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology 2017 audit. Adult patients (> 16 years) who underwent emergency (unplanned, within 24 h of hospital admission) left sided colonic or rectal resection were included. The primary endpoint was the 30-day major complication rate (Clavien-Dindo grade 3 to 5). RESULTS: From 591 patients, 455 (77%) received an end stoma, 103 a primary anastomosis (17%) and 33 primary anastomosis with defunctioning stoma (6%). In multivariable models, anastomosis was associated with a similar major complication rate to end stoma (adjusted odds ratio for end stoma 1.52, 95%CI 0.83-2.79, P = 0.173). Although a defunctioning stoma was not associated with reduced anastomotic leak (12% defunctioned [4/33] vs 13% not defunctioned [13/97], adjusted odds ratio 2.19, 95%CI 0.43-11.02, P = 0.343), it was associated with less severe complications (75% [3/4] with defunctioning stoma, 86.7% anastomosis only [13/15]), a lower mortality rate (0% [0/4] vs 20% [3/15]), and fewer reoperations (50% [2/4] vs 73% [11/15]) when a leak did occur. CONCLUSIONS: Primary anastomosis in selected patients appears safe after left sided emergency colorectal resection. A defunctioning stoma might mitigate against risk of subsequent complications

The impact of conversion on the risk of major complication following laparoscopic colonic surgery: an international, multicentre prospective audit.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: The and E. S. o. C. c. groups (2018). "The impact of conversion on the risk of major complication following laparoscopic colonic surgery: an international, multicentre prospective audit." Colorectal Disease 20(S6): 69-89., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.14371. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy has now been implemented as a standard of care for elective colonic resection around the world. During the adoption period, studies showed that conversion may be detrimental to patients, with poorer outcomes than both laparoscopic completed or planned open surgery. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether laparoscopic conversion was associated with a higher major complication rate than planned open surgery in contemporary, international practice. METHODS: Combined analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology 2017 and 2015 audits. Patients were included if they underwent elective resection of a colonic segment from the caecum to the rectosigmoid junction with primary anastomosis. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day major complication rate, defined as Clavien-Dindo grade III-V. RESULTS: Of 3980 patients, 64% (2561/3980) underwent laparoscopic surgery and a laparoscopic conversion rate of 14% (359/2561). The major complication rate was highest after open surgery (laparoscopic 7.4%, converted 9.7%, open 11.6%, P < 0.001). After case mix adjustment in a multilevel model, only planned open (and not laparoscopic converted) surgery was associated with increased major complications in comparison to laparoscopic surgery (OR 1.64, 1.27-2.11, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate laparoscopic conversion should not be considered a treatment failure in modern practice. Conversion does not appear to place patients at increased risk of complications vs planned open surgery, supporting broadening of selection criteria for attempted laparoscopy in elective colonic resection