Las voces radiofónicas: Las radios comunitarias en Brasil

RESUMEN La presente Tesis pretende provocar y ampliar el debate sobre el tema de las radios comunitarias en Brasil. Aunque sea un tema muy comentado en nuestra actualidad, todavía es poco estudiado dentro de su debida importancia en la comunicación científica. Esta investigación intentará demostrar como los indicadores económicos, sociales y políticos de Brasil interfirieron para que el pueblo llevase a cabo fuertes movilizaciones por la democratización de la distribución de las emisoras de radio en este País, alentando a que el gobierno crease una ley para regularizar las radios comunitarias en Brasil. El estudio irá discutir el gran interés de los políticos y empresarios en obtener una licencia para emitir basado en la posibilidad de la radio en ejercer influencia sobre la sociedad, transformando este medio de comunicación de masa, al final, en un medio vertical, cuestionado por muchos y principalmente por el pueblo. Hablaremos y haremos un breve repaso de los principales artículos de la Ley de las Radios Comunitarias, creada, sobre presión popular, por el Gobierno brasileño para regularizar la comunicación comunitaria en este gran País. Aunque hayan significado un importante paso para la reivindicación de políticas menos monopolistas de comunicación, despertando en las comunidades la urgencia de legislaciones más democráticas, con el trabajo de campo realizado en esta investigación, se ha descubierto que las radios comunitarias carecen de una movilización social más intensa. Se restringen demasiado a la aventura de romper con el monopolio estatal o con la postura comercial que nortea a los medios de comunicación, pero, sin embargo, a veces acaban repitiendo los mismos modelos que tanto critican. __________________________________________________________________________________________________This work seeks to provoke and enlarge the discussion about the community radios in Brazil. Even though this is a hot topic nowadays, it has not been properly investigated in the context of scientific communication. The objective of the paper was to demonstrate how the economic, social, and political indicators of Brazil influenced the organization of a strong popular movement aimed at the democratization and distribution of radio stations in this country. The paper will discuss the interest of politicians and entrepreneurs in obtaining the license to broadcast, given the potentiality of the radio to exert influence upon the society, transforming this mass communication medium into a vertical medium, questioned by many, mainly by the people. We will speak and make a brief discussion of the main articles of the Law of the Community Radios, created under popular pressure by the Brazilian Government to regulate the community communication

LARGE FIRES AND FIRE DANGER INDICES IN ‘GOVERNADOR’ INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, MARANHÃO STATE

Large fires are global environmental problems, increasingly recurrent due to climate change, with severe perspectives for the future. The present study characterized the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Governador Indigenous Territory (TI), Amarante do Maranhão - MA, as well as analyzed the influence of these conditions on large burn scars (over 50 ha) and fire danger indices in the period from 2001 to 2018. The scars were mapped on TM and OLI Landsat images and the following fire danger indices were assessed: Telicyn Logarithmic Index; Nesterov Index; Monte Alegre Formula (FMA) and Modified Monte Alegre Formula (FMA +); and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI). The results indicate that the Governador TI region is a critical area in terms of wildfires, with large impacted areas and climatic conditions with great fire risks. In addition, savanna formations, which predominate in the region, are highly prone to fires, as well as pastures in the surroundings. The Monte Alegre Formula index stands out with the best result, as well as the great correlation with climate and vegetation data, highlighting the period from June to August and savanna formations as the most critical conditions

Hanseníase: Aspectos epidemiológicos e evolução clínica em Pernambuco - Brasil, nos anos de 2001 a 2020 / Leprosy: Epidemiological aspects and clinical evolution in Pernambuco - Brazil, from 2001 to 2020

A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa crônica e de variados aspectos clínicos que, dada sua amplitude epidemiológica, tem notificação compulsória e investigação obrigatória em todo o Brasil, país que ocupa a segunda posição mundial em número de casos. Este estudo abrange o estado de Pernambuco, unidade da federação que se destaca pelo elevado número de casos da doença, tendo objetivo de apresentar dados epidemiológicos a fim de alertar as autoridades sobre a necessidade de políticas públicas efetivas no combate e controle da infecção. Trata-se de um estudo de série histórica observacional do tipo transversal, que analisa dados relativos ao período de 2001 a 2020, obtidos no banco sobre Informações de Saúde (TABNET) do Ministério da Saúde - Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS/MS). Os dados mostram que, no período analisado, foram notificados 65.971 casos de hanseníase em Pernambuco, sendo a maior taxa de incidência registrada no ano de 2003, com 49,43 casos/100.000 habitantes, em contraste com a média nacional de 33 casos/100.000 habitantes para o mesmo período; a população feminina, neste estudo, representou 50,01% da população analisada; o maior número de casos da doença foi registrado na população com baixo grau de escolaridade. Os dados analisados mostram ainda que 66,37% dos casos registrados estão na faixa etária dos 20 aos 59 anos de idade. Vale destacar que a importância dos dados apresentados se dá mediante a constatação de uma elevada incidência no período estudado, mesmo diante da desatualização dos dados no sistema, o que atenta à necessidade de atualização dos métodos de coleta e envio de dados para contabilização epidemiológica. A discussão do presente estudo em torno dos estigmas sociais e os impactos à sociedade provocados pela doença também é de grande importância.

Integration of proteomic and metabolomic analyses: New insights for mapping informal workers exposed to potentially toxic elements

Occupational exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a concerning reality of informal workers engaged in the jewelry production chain that can lead to adverse health effects. In this study, untargeted proteomic and metabolomic analyses were employed to assess the impact of these exposures on informal workers' exposome in Limeira city, São Paulo state, Brazil. PTE levels (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, and Pb) were determined in blood, proteomic analyses were performed for saliva samples (n = 26), and metabolomic analyses in plasma (n = 145) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. Blood PTE levels of workers, controls, and their family members were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). High concentration levels of Sn and Cu were detected in welders' blood (p < 0.001). Statistical analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0. The results showed that 26 proteins were upregulated, and 14 proteins downregulated on the welder group, and thirty of these proteins were also correlated with blood Pb, Cu, Sb, and Sn blood levels in the welder group (p < 0.05). Using gene ontology analysis of these 40 proteins revealed the biological processes related to the upregulated proteins were translational initiation, SRP-dependent co-translational protein targeting to membrane, and viral transcription. A Metabolome-Wide Association Study (MWAS) was performed to search for associations between blood metabolites and exposure groups. A pathway enrichment analysis of significant features from the MWAS was then conducted with Mummichog. A total of 73 metabolomic compounds and 40 proteins up or down-regulated in welders were used to perform a multi-omics analysis, disclosing seven metabolic pathways potentially disturbed by the informal work: valine leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, valine leucine and isoleucine degradation, arginine and proline metabolism, ABC transporters, central carbon metabolism in cancer, arachidonic acid metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The majority of the proteins found to be statistically up or downregulated in welders also correlated with at least one blood PTE level, providing insights into the biological responses to PTE exposures in the informal work exposure scenario. These findings shed new light on the effects of occupational activity on workers' exposome, underscoring the harmful effects of PTE

Saco de plástico dual

DepositadaA presente invenção se refere a um saco de plástico com dois compartimentos. Mais especificamente, se refere a um saco de plástico primeiramente intencionado para jogar lixo reciclável de dois tipos, por exemplo, um compartimento para pel/papelão/embalagens e um compartimento para material orgânico

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente