Quality Of Strawberry Grown In Brazilian Tropical Humid Conditions For Breeding Programs

Introduction. The preliminary study of the post-harvest quality of the fruit from strawberry cultivars in a new growing region is necessary for both farmers and consumers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate strawberry cultivars at different harvest times with regard to fruit quality aiming at the selection of possible parents for breeding programs for cultivation in the tropical humid conditions of the city Datas, in Minas Gerais State (Brazil), and in other regions with similar soil-climatic conditions. Materials and methods. The strawberry fields were cultivated on the Mape Frutas Farm, located in the city of Datas-MG. Eight cultivars ('Aromas', 'Camarosa', 'Campinas', 'Diamante', 'Dover', 'Festival', 'Oso Grande', and 'Toyonoka') were assessed in a randomized block design with a split-plot in time. Four replicates and three harvest times (June, August, and October 2012) were evaluated. Fruit from the different cultivars were analyzed for their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Results and discussion. There was a genetic variability and the predominance of genetic factors over environmental effects for the evaluated traits. Fruits harvested at the end of the crop cycle (October) had the highest levels of total reducing sugars, vitamin C, phenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, soluble solids, and total antioxidant activity. Cultivars Camarosa, Festival, and Toyonoka showed better fruit quality. Conclusion. Based on the genetic dissimilarity and fruit quality, the cross between 'Toyonoka' and 'Camarosa' or 'Festival' is indicated for the genetic improvement of strawberry in the region and other places with similar soil-climatic conditions. © Cirad/EDP Sciences 2016.71315116

Sur1 Receptor Interaction With Hesperidin And Linarin Predicts Possible Mechanisms Of Action Of Valeriana Officinalis In Parkinson

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. A theoretical approach of our previous experiments reporting the cytoprotective effects of the Valeriana officinalis compounds extract for PD is suggested. In addiction to considering the PD as a result of mitochondrial metabolic imbalance and oxidative stress, such as in our previous in vitro model of rotenone, in the present manuscript we added a genomic approach to evaluate the possible underlying mechanisms of the effect of the plant extract. Microarray of substantia nigra (SN) genome obtained from Allen Brain Institute was analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis to build a network of hub genes implicated in PD. Proteins transcribed from hub genes and their ligands selected by search ensemble approach algorithm were subjected to molecular docking studies, as well as 20 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) using a Molecular Mechanic Poison/Boltzman Surface Area (MMPBSA) protocol. Our results bring a new approach to Valeriana officinalis extract, and suggest that hesperidin, and probably linarin are able to relieve effects of oxidative stress during ATP depletion due to its ability to binding SUR1. In addition, the key role of valerenic acid and apigenin is possibly related to prevent cortical hyperexcitation by inducing neuronal cells from SN to release GABA on brain stem. Thus, under hyperexcitability, oxidative stress, asphyxia and/or ATP depletion, Valeriana officinalis may trigger different mechanisms to provide neuronal cell protection. © 2016 Santos, Giraldez-Alvarez, ávila-Rodriguez, Capani, Galembeck, Neto, Barreto and Andrade.8MA

Acumulação diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.): III - diagnose foliar

The objective of the present work was to examine the differences in nutrients levels between the cultivars Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 and Piranão. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil type was a sandy "Regossol" of medium fertility. Common cultivation practices were followed, and the fertilizer used consisted of 83 g of a formula: 30-120-70, per meter length at planting, and 33 g of the formula 50-0-45 per meter length as a dressing. The plant population density was 50,000 per hectare. Sixty days after planting and at flowering the leaves (+4) and the ear leaf, respectively, were harvested for diagnostic purposes. It was observed that differences exist in the concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe in the leaf (+4) dry matter of the cultivars at 60 days after planting, and in the concentrations of P, K, Cu and Fe during flowering. Such differences did not affect the production of grain. The extent of the differences between cultivars in the levels of nutrients in the leaves depends on the period of sampling. The harvestry of leaves at determined physiological periods tend to dimi-nuish these differences. Cultivars with similar yield potential may be regarded equally in relation to their leaf analysis, provided that one adopts an adequate range of nutrient levels.O trabalho foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de se aquilatar diferenças nos níveis críticos entre os cultivares Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 e Piranão. O ensaio foi conduzido no Município de Piracicaba, SP, tendo como suporte um Regossol arenoso de média fertilidade. Foram seguidas as práticas culturais comuns e a adubação constuiu de 83 g da fórmula 30-120-70, por metro linear no plantio e 33 g/ /metro linear da fórmula 50-0-45 em cobertura. A população de plantas foi de 50.000 por hectare. Aos 60 dias após o plantio e no florescimento foram coletadas as folhas (+4) e da inserção da espiga, para fins de diagnose. Foram observadas diferenças nas concentrações de P, K, Ca, Mg e Fe, na matéria seca das folhas (+4) dos cultivares aos 60 dias após o plantio, e nas concentrações de P, K, Cu e Fe na folha da inserção da espiga, na fase de florescimento. Diferenças estas que não afetam a produção de grãos. A extensão das diferenças entre cultivares nos níveis foliares dos nutrientes depende da época de amostragem. As coletas feitas em épocas fisiológicas determinadas tende a diminuir estas diferenças. Cultivares com potenciais de produção semelhantes podem ser tratados igualmente em relação à análise de folhas, desde que se adote uma faixa de teores adequados

Novel sources of Flavor Changed Neutral Currents in the 331RHN331_{RHN} model

Sources of Flavor Changed Neutral Currents (FCNC) naturally emerge from a well motivated framework called 3-3-1 with right-handed neutrinos model, $331_{RHN}$ for short, mediated by an extra neutral gauge boson $Z^{\prime}$. Following previous works we calculate these sources and in addition we derive new ones coming from CP-even and -odd neutral scalars which appear due to their non-diagonal interactions with the physical standard quarks. Furthermore we show that bounds related to the neutral mesons systems $K_L-K_S$ and $D_1^0 - D_2^0$ may be significantly strengthened in the presence of these new interactions allowing us to infer stronger constraints on the parameter space of the model.Comment: Published version. 10 pages, 6 figure

Acumulação diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.): I - acumulação de macronutrientes

The objective of the present work was to examine the differences in growth, yield, accumulation and transport of nutrients between the cultivars Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 and Piranão. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil type was a sandy oxisol of medium fertility, expect for K which was low. The experimental set-up was a randon block design with four replications. Common cultivation practices were followed, and the fertilizer used consisted of 83 g of a formula: 30-120-70, per meter length at planting, and 33 g of the formula: 50-0-45 per meter length as dressing 22 days after germination. The plant population density was 50,000 per hectare. Plants were collected for analysis at 20 days after germination, and there after at intervals of 20 days up to 120 days. The plants were divided into "stems + leaves", tassels, and ears for chemical analysis of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Conclusions: Growth - The cultivars produce maximum quantities of dry matter of 327 to 381 g per plant at the age of 100 to 106 days. - Differences between cultivars in terms of dry matter accumulation in the vegetative parts of the plant is not necessarily relate to the dry weight of the ear. Accumulation of nutrients - There are no differences in the quantity of N, P and K taken-up by the cultivars, although during the period of rapid growth some differences may appear. - Differences in the accumulation of Ca, Mg and S are detected when the quantities of these nutrients approach the maximum. The cultivar H-7974 presented the highest quantities of Ca and Mg where as Agroceres 504 was richest in S. - The maximum level of nutrients are attained in the following period in days: N (89-100); P (101 -120); K (58-66); Ca (75-94); Mg (100-120) and S (93-95). - The maximum quantities taken-up in mg/plant are:N (3,169-3,878);P (541-642); K (3,850-4,693); Ca (582-782); Mg (654-943); S (444-799). Yield - No differences were found between cultivars for grain production. Transport of nutrients - The re were no differences in the amounts of nutrients in the grain between cultivars. - The transport of nutrients into the ears of the different cultivars are the following order (per hectare harvested, 50,000 plants): N (111-143 kg); P (22-30 kg); K (30-45 kg); Ca (0.7-1.1 kg); Mg (10-12 kg) and S (9-13 kg).No presente trabalho, os autores apresentam os resultados de um ensaio de campo empregando os cultivares Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 e Piranão no sentido de aquilatar diferenças no crescimento, produção e acumulação e exportação de nutrientes. O ensaio foi conduzido num regossol de fertilidade mediana, exceto em relação ao K que é baixo, situado no Município de Piracicaba, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições. Foram seguidas as práticas culturais comuns, e a adubação constituiu de 83 g da fórmula 30-120-70 por metro linear por ocasião do plantio e 33 g por metro linear da fórmula 50-0-4, em cobertura 22 dias após a germinação. Plantas foram coletadas a partir dos 20 dias após a germinação, em intervalos de 20 dias até os 120 dias. As plantas foram divididas em "colmo + folhas", pendão e espiga e analisadas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Concluíram os autores que diferenças entre cultivares na acumulação de matéria seca na parte vegetativa não se traduzem, necessariamente, por um aumento de peso da matéria seca na espiga. Os cultivares atingem o máximo da quantidade de nutrientes nas seguintes épocas, em dias: N (89-100); P (101-120); K (58-66); Ca (74-94); Mg (100-120); S (93-95). Verificaram, ainda, que as quantidades máximas extraídas em mg/planta são: N (3169-3878); P (541-642); K (3850-4693); Ca (582-782); Mg (654-943); S (444-799). Finalmente, a exportação de nutrientes nas espigas por hectare (50.000 plantas) colhidas é: N (111-143 kg); P (22-30 kg); Ca (0,7-1,1 kg); Mg (10-12kg); S(9-13kg)

Caloric restriction induces energy-sparing alterations in skeletal muscle contraction, fiber composition and local thyroid hormone metabolism that persist during catch-up fat upon refeeding.

Weight regain after caloric restriction results in accelerated fat storage in adipose tissue. This catch-up fat phenomenon is postulated to result partly from suppressed skeletal muscle thermogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We investigated whether the reduced rate of skeletal muscle contraction-relaxation cycle that occurs after caloric restriction persists during weight recovery and could contribute to catch-up fat. Using a rat model of semistarvation-refeeding, in which fat recovery is driven by suppressed thermogenesis, we show that contraction and relaxation of leg muscles are slower after both semistarvation and refeeding. These effects are associated with (i) higher expression of muscle deiodinase type 3 (DIO3), which inactivates tri-iodothyronine (T3), and lower expression of T3-activating enzyme, deiodinase type 2 (DIO2), (ii) slower net formation of T3 from its T4 precursor in muscles, and (iii) accumulation of slow fibers at the expense of fast fibers. These semistarvation-induced changes persisted during recovery and correlated with impaired expression of transcription factors involved in slow-twitch muscle development. We conclude that diminished muscle thermogenesis following caloric restriction results from reduced muscle T3 levels, alteration in muscle-specific transcription factors, and fast-to-slow fiber shift causing slower contractility. These energy-sparing effects persist during weight recovery and contribute to catch-up fat

Conservação Pós-colheita De Frutos De Morangueiro Em Diferentes Condições De Armazenamento

Strawberry is a product appreciated by consumers due to the organoleptic characteristics. However, strawberry fruits are highly perishable after harvest, so alternative measures to prolong the shelf life of fruits are necessary. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the fruit postharvest conservation of strawberry cultivars under different storage conditions. Strawberry fruits of eight cultivars (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande, Camarosa, Diamante and Aromas) were grown at “Mape Frutas” farm, in Datas municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Strawberry fruits were stored at cold storage (2.34±0.78°C; 89.93±4.14% RH) and environmental conditions (17.43±2.68°C; 74.11±10.44%). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement with eight strawberry cultivars and five storage times, with three replications. Fruits appearance, disease incidence, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C and firmness were evaluated every 3 days, until 12 days. At room condition, strawberry fruit could be stored for only three days. Fruits kept in cold chamber kept quality until 12 days. Cv. Festival had the best postharvest shelf life in both storage conditions and cvs. Toyonoka and Campinas showed higher incidence of diseases and less fruit firmness when compared to the other cultivars. © 2016, Sociedade de Olericultura do Brasil. All rights reserved.34340541

From Pyridine to (−)-Agelastatin A

(−)-Agelastatin A was synthetized employing a flow photorearrangement of a pyridinium salt, constructing in one step the cyclopentene core possessing the desired functionalities and relative configurations. A flow enzymatic kinetic resolution of the resulting bicyclic vinyl aziridine delivered the enantiopure precursor to the natural product. This total synthesis required the use of a single protective group. Two novel agelastatin N3-derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxicity evaluated against a series of cancer cell lines, which corroborated the importance of unsubstituted N3 in the biological activity of (−)-agelastatin A.Peer reviewe

Duodenal adipose tissue is associated with obesity in baboons (Papio sp) : a novel site of ectopic fat deposition in non-human primates

AimsEctopic fat is a recognized contributor to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, while the role of fat deposition inside intestinal wall tissue remains understudied. We undertook this study to directly quantify and localize intramural fat deposition in duodenal tissue and determine its association with adiposity.MethodsDuodenal tissues were collected from aged (21.21.3years, 19.53.1kg, n=39) female baboons (Papio sp.). Fasted blood was collected for metabolic profiling and abdominal circumference (AC) measurements were taken. Primary tissue samples were collected at the major duodenal papilla at necropsy: one full cross section was processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and evaluated; a second full cross section was processed for direct chemical lipid analysis on which percentage duodenal fat content was calculated.Results Duodenal fat content obtained by direct tissue quantification showed considerable variability (11.95 +/- 6.93%) and was correlated with AC (r=0.60, p<0.001), weight (r=0.38, p=0.02), leptin (r=0.63, p<0.001), adiponectin (r=-0.32, p<0.05), and triglyceride (r=0.41, p=0.01). The relationship between duodenal fat content and leptin remained after adjusting for body weight and abdominal circumference. Intramural adipocytes were found in duodenal sections from all animals and were localized to the submucosa. Consistent with the variation in tissue fat content, the submucosal adipocytes were non-uniformly distributed in clusters of varying size. Duodenal adipocytes were larger in obese vs. lean animals (106.9 vs. 66.7 mu m(2), p=0.02).Conclusions Fat accumulation inside the duodenal wall is strongly associated with adiposity and adiposity related circulating biomarkers in baboons. Duodenal tissue fat represents a novel and potentially metabolically active site of ectopic fat deposition