Editorial: Qualitative research applied to public health: new topics and insight

[No abstract available]Universidad Autónoma de Chil

LA TRANSPARENCIA FISCAL EN LOS GOBIERNOS SUBNACIONALES MEXICANOS: UN ANÁLISIS DE SUS DETERMINANTES

La transparencia fiscal (TF) es una herramienta para legitimar una democracia y recuperar la  confianza  ciudadana.  Los estudios a nivel  gobierno  central se han concentrado en realizar comparaciones internacionales sobre los  determinantes  de  la  TF,  sin  embargo,  pocos  estudios  lo  han  abordado  a nivel subnacional debido a la falta de información desagregada. En este trabajo se propone analizar los factores socioeconómicos, fiscales y políticos que afectan la TF en el contexto local, para lo cual se utilizarán datos para los estados mexicanos durante 2014-2017. Los resultados indican que el Producto Interno Bruto Estatal per cápita tiene una relación positiva con el  nivel  de  TF  alcanzado  a  nivel  estatal;  en  tanto  que,  existe  una  relación  negativa entre el grado de TF y el nivel de deuda per cápita y la ideología de izquierda

Complications in Surgery of the Small Intestine

Performing a surgical procedure of the small intestine, whether it is a scheduled elective or an emergency event, may be associated with the occurrence of disorders of diverse etiology; either as a result of prior illness, the onset of systemic pathology associated with the surgical event or complications related to the surgery itself. The development of morbidity in patients undergoing intestinal surgery has been outlined in this article on medical and surgical complications. These will be discussed based on clinical manifestations, potential risk factors associated with their occurrence and certain preventive measures

Exploring Diet and Nutrient Insufficiencies across Age Groups: Insights from a Population-Based Study of Brazilian Adults

Assessing dietary inadequacies can contribute to understanding the nutritional vulnerabilities of a country. This study aimed to investigate nutrient intakes and micronutrient inadequacies in the Brazilian adult population, with an interest in different age subgroups. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1812 individuals aged 19 to 65 years from a population-based study with a representative sample of Brazilian adults. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24 h food recalls, and the probabilities of inadequate intake were estimated using the Dietary Reference Intake targets. Adequate macronutrient intake was over 99% for proteins, 84.7% for carbohydrates, and 80.7% for total fats. There was a high probability of inadequacy (above 90%) for vitamins D and E, but vitamin D inadequacy was very similar between the sexes. In contrast, vitamin E was more likely to be inadequately consumed among women. A high probability of inadequacies (above 85%) of calcium and magnesium were found in the population, regardless of age group. Except for iron, the probability of an inadequacy of other minerals increased with age. The results showed a relevant proportion of nutrient inadequacies, with those most at risk being women and older individuals, helping with the better targeting and monitoring of public-health policies that address nutritional problems in the population. © 2024 by the authors.Coca-Cola Company; Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil SabaraUniversidad Autónoma de Chil

Efficacy of Sutures of the Ala Bases and in the Form of V-Y Labial in Patients Subject to the Surgically Assisted Expansion of Maxila

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Nasal Alar Bases suture (N.A.B.S.) and V-Y lip suture (V-Y.L.S.) in the maintenance of the distance between the nasal alar bases (N.A.B.) and the red lips display (R.L.D.) in patients operated for correction of crossbite with maxillary atresia. We evaluated 9 patients, 4 who received the above mentioned sutures, and 5 who received simple sutures. It was evaluated the measures N.A.B. and R.L.D. in the preoperative phase, postoperative, and after 7 and 450 days. Measurements of N.A.B. were stable throughout the experimental period in N.A.B.S. and V-Y.L.S. group, while the group receiving simple sutures there was an increase of this measure in the postoperative period and a decrease after 450 days. The N.A.B.S. and V-Y.L.S. group showed a significant increase in R.L.D. in immediate postoperative period, reducing slightly after 7 days, and presenting a significant loss in the final assessment, showing an even lower value than the mean preoperative. N.A.B.S. was effective in the short and medium term in controlling unwanted nasal enlargement in patients undergoing E.M.C.A. In the immediate postoperative period, there is an increased R.L.D., but long-term reduction of the R.L.D. occurs in all E.M.C.A. patients, regardless of the type of suture used

Relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of 102,072 adolescents: A representative sample of Brazil (PeNSE Study)

Purpose: The household composition is important for adolescents and understanding its relationship with their lifestyle habits is essential. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of adolescents. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Brazilian National Scholar Health Survey—PeNSE 2015. The sample was composed by 102,072 adolescents (11–17 years). The independent variable of the study was the household composition (living with both parents versus living with only one parent or none of them), whereas outcome variables were eating habits and sedentary behavior patterns. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between variables. Results: Adolescents living with both parents were less likely to have high sedentary behavior (≥2 h OR = 0.89; ≥4 h OR = 0.86), eat while watching TV for ≥5 days/week (OR = 0.88), frequent fried foods (OR = 0.89), sweets (OR = 0.92), soft drinks (OR = 0.86) and ultra processed foods (OR = 0.97) consumption, as were more likely to have lunch with parents (OR = 1.87), frequent vegetables (OR = 1.12), beans (OR = 1.14) and fruits (OR = 1.11) consumption than those who live with one parent or none of them. Conclusion: Households composed by both father and mother was associated with lower sedentary behavior and healthy eating habits in Brazilian adolescents. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC

Agencias de Desarrollo Económico Local en América Latina. Estudio para su Modelización

En América Latina, los territorios poseen contrastes en su extensión y carac- terísticas físicas; cantidad de población y características sociales y culturales; marco jurídico nacional, regional y local; dotación de recursos económicos y financieros; capacidades institucionales; liderazgo de sus actores y capacidad de establecer alianzas, entre otros aspectos. Esta propuesta se enmarca en el estudio de los sistemas políticos municipales comparados en América Latina, identificando experiencias de agencias de de- sarrollo territorial en una muestra de países y analizando elementos comunes y diferenciadores para, de esta manera, reconocer modelos predominantes. Para recabar la información necesaria se confeccionó un cuestionario en español y portugués a ser respondido por las Agencias de Desarrollo Local, en adelante ADL, que permitió analizar diferentes variables fundamentales para su tipificación. El ajuste de los datos obtenidos a una matriz compleja permitió interpretar la información relevada para conocer de manera comparada las políticas de desarrollo económico local en los sistemas municipales latinoamericanos

Maltrato y no maltrato infantil. Relevancia de la anatomía clínica forense. Presentación de un caso

In a recently published article, Andrea Porzionato et al, they expose the relevance of Forensic Clinical Anatomy as a tool in judicial strata when there are medical-legal implications for suspected child abuse and the presence of anatomical variants and traumatic injuries that at any given time are difficult to differentiate. A case is reported where the careful dissection of a minor’s body reveals a congenital malformation of the genital-urinary tract that causes repeated urinary tract infections resulting in sepsis and death, based on this description and the context of death is determined that death is associated with child abuse from lack of medical attention.En un artículo de reciente publicación, Andrea Porzionato et al, exponen la relevancia de la Anatomía Clínica Forense como una herramienta en los estrados judiciales cuando hay implicaciones médico-legales ante la sospecha de maltrato infantil y ante la presencia de variantes anatómicas y de lesiones traumáticas que en un momento dado son difíciles de diferenciar. Se hace reporte de un caso donde la cuidadosa disección del cadáver de una menor revela una malformación congénita del tracto génito-urinario que ocasiona infecciones urinarias a repetición derivando en sepsis y muerte, con base en esta descripción y el contexto del fallecimiento se determina que la muerte está asociada a maltrato infantil por la falta de atención médica

Diagnostic Wax and Mock-up Technic Use and Property as a Diagnostic Method for the Performing Sector Anterior Composite Resins

Today dental surgeries for cosmetic alterations have been increasing, considering that the anterior teeth are mainly seen when a person speaks or smiles, it makes it clear that these are essential actors in the aesthetics of a patient. However we must also worry about preserving and / or return of guides disclusion order to achieve a mutually protected occlusion. With technological advances that have occurred in this adhesion can be achieved by perfectly composed with a minimally invasive technique and lower cost resins. It is presented to view a patient who has just completed his orthodontic treatment, and which the specialist told her to be multiple cavities in molars, but to perform the initial review we have a serious cosmetic problem in the upper front teeth, is He offered to treat that patient problem through a diagnostic wax technique, Mock-up and subsequently performing through direct resin restorations. The purpose of presenting this clinical case illustrates a technique of modified Mock-up is useful both as a diagnostic and for different steps in the same restorative treatment tool