Mothers’ Experience Regarding the Relationship between Dairy Products and Their Children’s Seizures

ObjectiveEpilepsy is one of the most important problems in neurology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dairy products and seizures of the epileptic children based on their mothers' experience.Materials & MethodsIn a descriptive- analytic study, mothers' experience regarding the relationship between dairy products and seizures of their children was evaluated via a questionnaire. This research was done in the pediatric neurology clinic of Shaheed Sadoughi Medical Sciences University- Yazd- Iran in 2007.ResultsOne hundred and forty eight mothers with an age range of 17-52 years (mean ± SD: 31.6 ± 6.6 years) were evaluated. Their children were 58.5% boys and 41.5% girls with an age range of 1-18 years (mean ± SD: 6.6 ± 4.2 years).The most common dairy products which provoked seizure based on mothers' experience, were milk and ice cream. The effect of different kinds of dairy products was not different between males and female children. Mothers who experienced the effect of dried whey (kashk in Persian) on seizure were younger than others. Lack of correlation between milk and ice cream on seizures was reported in educated mothers.ConclusionParent education on the diet of their epileptic children is necessary. On the other hand, extracting of suspicious food ingredients and testing them on animal models, should be done by other researches.

Attorney’s character virtues in the interaction with the principal in the course of divorcement

Introduction: The growth in such a phenomenon as divorcement has doubled the necessity of doing research thereon from various perspectives. Although numerous factors are involved in a divorcement process and they have been dealt with in the related studies, it appears that the role of the attorney as an influential factor has been considered to a lesser degree. In this study, the process of the divorcement’s formation and facilitation based on the attorneys’ character virtues has been investigated. Method: In order to develop theoretical sensitivity, the prior studies were reviewed and the extant and relevant theories were extracted and discussed. Using qualitative method and grounded theory and through subjective and purposive sampling, 18 divorced Yazdi women who had hired lawyers were selected and subjected to deep interviews. Results: The 5 categories of wisdom, honesty, fairness, Humbleness and Transcendence move the clients' cases towards compromise. The 5 categories of enlightenment, meticulousness, futurisms, social intelligence and effective communication had a dual role. The case, at the discretion of the lawyer and the client, could lead to both compromise and divorce. 5 categories of love for learning, creativity, chivalrousness, stability and leadership also lead to divorce. Conclusion:  Attorneys with character virtues help the client make the most beneficial decision through positive interaction and confidence transfe

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Successful Treatment with Acyclovir

Introduction: One of the most common causes of encephalitis is due to viral infections, such as herpes simplex. Traditionally, brain biopsy was required for the diagnosis of HSV encephalitis; however, here CSF PCR detection for herpes simplex encephalitis is reported which was successfully treated with Acyclovir.Case presentation:A 52 year old female patient was brought to emergency department with fever (400C), constipation, abdominal pain, fatigue, disorientation and agitation for the last two days. DNA extraction and Real Time PCR was performed on CSF sample for HSV-1/2 and HSV-1 was positive. Moreover, the brain MRI report showed left and basal temporal oppression, together with left and basal frontal pus. The patient was discharged after 20 days of hospitalization and treatment with acyclovir and normal physiological indexes and had a good clinical and neurologic outcome with resolution of all the symptoms.Conclusion:It is worthy to emphasize that despite the normal biochemical CSF, imaging results and PCR are proved evidence of HSV encephalitis.

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2017 includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. METHODS: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data.; We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs s1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in blood donors of Hamadan transfusion center in 2013

Background: Toxoplasmosis with a worldwide distribution is one of the most common opportunistic infections in the immunodeficient patients and causes abortion and congenital complications in pregnant women infected with acute infection. The main route of infection is contact with infected cat and consuming under-cooked meat. Because the presence of parasite in the all body fluids, it is probable that transfusion during acute infection leads to transmission of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the IgM and IgG antibodies in the Hamadan blood donors and its relation to some epidemiologic risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 540 blood specimens were taken randomly from healthy blood donors in the Hamadan blood transfusion center. All samples examined by ELISA method for IgG and IgM antibodies. The results analyzed in relation to epidemiological factors such as age, gender, occupation and some Toxoplasma infection risk factors. Results: About 518 participants in this study were male, others were female. Totally, 294 (54.4%) of studied population were positive for IgG antibody and 10 (1.9%) were positive for IgM antibody. There was no significant relationship between seropositivity and Toxoplasma infection risk factor. Conclusion: Because the screening didn’t perform on the blood donors in Hamadan according to results of this study, Toxoplasma infection in blood donors of Hamadan is relatively high and, the rate of IgM antibody could considered for screening of this population

Developing a Conceptual Model of Spiritual Health Based on Related Islamic Texts: A Qualitative Study

زمینه و هدف: یکی از مهم‌ترین جنبه‌های سلامت انسان، سلامت معنوی است که بر دیگر ابعاد آن، تأثیر به سزایی دارد. با توجه به لزوم ارائه تعریفی جامع از سلامت معنوی و تعیین مؤلفه‌های آن منطبق با فرهنگ و دین جامعه ایرانی، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین مدل مفهومی سلامت معنوی مبتنی بر متون اسلامی انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: روش پژوهش، تحلیل محتوای کیفی و گردآوری اطلاعات، مبتنی بر مطالعه و تحلیل محتوای متون اسلامی مرتبط بود. حوزه مورد مطالعه، متون تخصصی اسلامی و روش نمونه‌گیری از نوع هدفمند بوده است. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات، جستجوی پیشرفته در بانک‌های اطلاعاتی علمی و تخصصی و روش تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات، تحلیل محتوای کیفی با نظام مقوله‌بندی استقرایی بوده است. یافته‌ها: مؤلفه‌های سلامت معنوی در سه مقوله هسته‌ای مبدأشناسی، راهنماشناسی و معادشناسی طبقه‌بندی شدند. مؤلفه مبدأشناسی شامل 6 مفهوم نگرش توحیدی، یقین، اخلاص، انقطاع، توکل، و ذکر بود. مؤلفه راهنماشناسی، شامل دو مقوله اصلی ادب تطبیقی با قرآن کریم (الگوی نظری) و ادب تطبیقی با انبیا و چهارده معصوم (الگوی عملی) بود. مقوله اول شامل دو مفهوم انس با قرآن و عمل به قرآن؛ مقوله دوم شامل 21 مفهوم تسلیم و رضا، صبر، عمل به واجبات، ترک محرمات، شکر، قناعت، لذت مادی، لذت معنوی، صدق الکلام، ادای امانت، حسن خلق، سخاوت، مروت، خدمت، عفو، عدالت، شجاعت، غیرت، حلم، حیا و کسب روزی حلال بود؛ آخرین مؤلفه سلامت معنوی، معادشناسی است که شامل سه مفهوم معادباوری، یاد مرگ و زهد می‌باشد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در انتخاب، گزارش یافته‌ها و استناددهی متون، امانتداری رعایت شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: در مطالعه حاضر، بانگاهی جامع به یک انسان کامل با هویت توحیدی ذکرشده در متون اسلامی، مؤلفه‌های سلامت معنوی استخراج شده و الگوی مفهومی آن طراحی شده است که در مجموع با مطالعات پیشین در این زمینه همسو است.Background and Aim: One of the most important aspects of human health is spiritual health, which has a great impact on other dimensions. Due to the need to provide a comprehensive definition of spiritual health and determine its components in accordance with the culture and religion of Iranian society, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing a conceptual model of spiritual health based on Islamic texts. Materials and Methods: The research method was qualitative and information gathering, based on the study and qualitative content analysis of related Islamic texts. The study area was specialized Islamic texts and sampling method was purposeful. The tool of data collection was advanced search in scientific and specialized databases, and the method of data analysis was qualitative content analysis with inductive categorization system. Findings: The components of spiritual health were classified into three main categories: Theology, Cognition of guide and Eschatology. The theology components included the 6 concepts: monotheistic attitude, certainty, sincerity, detachment, trust in God, and remembrance of God. Components of cognition of guide   included the two main categories: matching manner with the Holy Qur'an (theoretical model), and matching manner with the prophets and the fourteen infallibles (practical model). The first category includes the two concepts of familiarity with the Qur'an and practice of the Qur'an and the second category includes 21 concepts: submission and satisfaction, patience, fulfillment of obligations, abandonment of prohibitions, thanksgiving, contentment, material pleasure, spiritual pleasure, truthfulness, trustworthiness, good-temperedness, generosity, manliness, assistance, forgiveness, justice, courage, Jealousy, forbearance, modesty and halal Livelihood. The last component of spiritual health is eschatology, which includes the three concepts: resurrection-believing, remembrance of death and asceticism. Ethical Considerations: In selecting, reporting findings and citing texts, fidelity has been observed. Conclusion: In the present study, with a comprehensive view of a perfect human being with the monotheistic identity mentioned in Islamic texts, the components of spiritual health are extracted and its conceptual model is designed, which is in line with previous studies in this field.   Cite this article as: Eskandari A, Vaziri S, Fallah MH, Asi-Mozneb A. Developing a Conceptual Model of Spiritual Health Based on Related Islamic Texts: A Qualitative Study. Med Ethics J 2020; 14(45): e28

Mothers\' Lived Experiences of Losing a Child to Cancer: A Phenomenological Study

Objective: The death of a child is undoubtedly the most arduous encounter for a mother in her lifetime, and it elicits numerous psychological detriments. Specifically, the death of a child resulting from cancer carries its own set of challenges. Analyzing the lived experience of these mothers can serve as a means to identify and comprehend their grief, thus becoming the foundation for efficacious interventions. Consequently, the objective of the present investigation was to scrutinize the lived experiences of grieving mothers whose children had succumbed to cancer. Methods: The current research was conducted utilizing a qualitative and phenomenological approach. The sampling technique employed was purposive, encompassing a maximum variation sampling. The study included a total of 13 bereaved mothers residing in Yazd city, who had lost their children to cancer. The methodology employed for data collection involved semi-structured interviews. Results: Subsequent to conducting the interviews and documenting them, each recorded session was transcribed and examined utilizing Colaizzi's method. This process yielded six primary themes and twenty-four secondary themes through the analysis of the data. The primary themes comprised emotional experience, physical experience, cognitive experience, challenging experience, the meaning of life, and avoidance. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the nature of the grief experienced by mothers, and these themes have the potential to facilitate effective interventions aimed at mitigating the symptoms of grief