PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSETS, RETURN ON EQUITY, INVESMENT OPPORTUNITY SET, TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN SUB SEKTOR BARANG KONSUMSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

There is a phenomenon that shows that investors do not only see the company's ability to earn profits, but also the amount of use of debt by the company in carrying out its activities. Partial in food and beverage companies in the consumer goods sub-sector. The technique used in this research is the Qualitative Analysis method which analyzes data that is not in the form of numbers or figures in the form of explanations that cannot be expressed in numbers and the second method of Quantitative Analysis is a method that analysis is carried out on data in the form of numbers to apply an explanation of these figures. There are findings that the Company Value has a minimum value of 20.00, a maximum value of 973.00, an average value of 150.1944, and a standard value deviation of 221.29 887. The ROA variable has a minimum value of 3.00, a maximum value of 1778.00, an average value of 378.1389, and a standard deviation of 496.93346. The ROE variable has a minimum value of 8.00, a maximum value of 2791.00, an average value of 724.5000, and a standard deviation of 837.70136. The IOS variable has a minimum value of 2.00, a maximum value of 1409.00, an average value of 449.3889, and a standard deviation of 450.39667. F-test, shows that simultaneously the independent variables namely ROA, ROE, and IOS have no effect on the dependent variable, namely Firm Value, while Based on the results of the T test, this study shows that the results of testing the ROA variable have a significant effect on the firm value variable, ROE has no effect significant effect on the firm value variable, and IOS has a significant effect on the firm value variable.Keywords: return on assets, return on equity, investment opportunity set, and firm valu

META ANALYSIS: EFFICACY OF SHORT TERM WEIGHT-LOSS MAINTENANCE WITH FINANCIAL INCENTIVES INTERVENTION

Obesitas telah menjadi penyebab utama meningkatnya penyakit tidak menular. Penggunaan insentif finansial (FI) sangat mendorong gaya hidup sehat. Pola intervensi ini digunakan untuk mendorong perilaku hidup sehat yang bertujuan untuk mencegah dan mengelola penyakit kronis. Kebaruan penelitian ini yaitu meneliti secara meta analisis tentang kemanjuran pemeliharaan penurunan berat badan jangka pendek dengan intervensi insentif keuangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkonfirmasi perbedaan hasil antara studi, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji efek keseluruhan dari studi menggunakan intervensi FI pada program penurunan berat badan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Database PubMed untuk mencari data. Data diambil dari studi yang melaporkan perubahan intervensi FI dengan hasil perubahan berat badan. Hasilnya menemukan bahwa 4 studi dengan obesitas dimasukkan. Hasil gabungan menunjukkan bahwa FI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan berat badan. Terdapat perbedaan peningkatan berat badan yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi FI dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (SMD: -3,37; CI 95%). Heterogenitas statistik ditemukan (I2 = 99,92%, P = 0,00). Kesimpulan hasil belum menunjukkan efek menguntungkan dari FI jangka pendek selama 3 bulan pada penurunan berat badan pada pasien obesitas. Namun, heterogenitas statistik ditemukan sehingga analisis subkelompok diperlukan.Kata kunci: penurunan berat badan; obesitas; insentif finansial. AbstractObesity has become a major etiology of the increase in non-communicable diseases. The use of financial incentives (FI) has greatly encouraged a healthy lifestyle. This intervention pattern is used to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors aimed at preventing and managing chronic diseases. The novelty of this study is to examine the meta-analysis of the efficacy of maintaining short-term weight loss with financial incentive interventions. The aim of this study was to confirm differences in results between studies, this study was conducted to examine the overall effect of studies using FI interventions on weight loss programs. The method used is the PubMed Database to search for data. Data were drawn from studies reporting changes in the FI intervention with outcome changes in body weight. The results found that 4 studies with obesity were included. The combined results show that FI has a significant effect on changes in body weight. There was a significant difference in weight gain in the FI intervention group compared to the control group (SMD: -3.37; 95% CI). Statistical heterogeneity was found (I2 = 99.92%, P = 0.00). Conclusion the results have not shown a beneficial effect of short-term FI for 3 months on weight loss in obese patients. However, statistical heterogeneity was found so that a subgroup analysis was needed

Superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids for non-reciprocal electronics and detectors

We review the use of hybrid thin films of superconductors and ferromagnets for creating non-reciprocal electronic components and self-biased detectors of electromagnetic radiation. We start by introducing the theory behind these effects, as well as different possible materials that can be used in the fabrication of these components. We proceed by discussing in detail the fabrication and characterization of Al/EuS/Cu and EuS/Al/Co based detectors, along with their noise analysis. We also indicate some routes for multiplexing such self-biased detectors.Comment: 28 pages, 21 figure

Infected pancreatic necrosis : outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

Peer reviewe

Prediction of morbidity and mortality after early cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis : results of the SPRi.MACC study

Peer reviewe

GABAergic signaling as therapeutic target for autism spectrum disorders

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, early in postnatal life exerts a depolarizing and excitatory action. This depends on accumulation of chloride inside the cell via the cation chloride importer NKCC1, being the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 very low at birth. The developmentally regulated expression of KCC2 results in extrusion of chloride with age and a shift of GABA from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction. The depolarizing action of GABA leads to intracellular calcium rise through voltage-dependent calcium channels and/or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. GABA-mediated calcium signals regulate a variety of developmental processes from cell proliferation migration, differentiation, synapse maturation, and neuronal wiring. Therefore, it is not surprising that some forms of neuro-developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with alterations of GABAergic signaling and impairment of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in selective neuronal circuits. In this review, we will discuss how changes of GABAA-mediated neurotransmission affect several forms of ASDs including the Fragile X, the Angelman, and Rett syndromes. Then, we will describe various animal models of ASDs with GABAergic dysfunctions, highlighting their behavioral deficits and the possibility to rescue them by targeting selective components of the GABAergic synapse. In particular, we will discuss how in some cases, reverting the polarity of GABA responses from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction with the diuretic bumetanide, a selective blocker of NKCC1, may have beneficial effects on ASDs, thus opening new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of these devastating disorders

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Follow-up strategies for patients with splenic trauma managed non-operatively : the 2022 World Society of Emergency Surgery consensus document

Background In 2017, the World Society of Emergency Surgery published its guidelines for the management of adult and pediatric patients with splenic trauma. Several issues regarding the follow-up of patients with splenic injuries treated with NOM remained unsolved. Methods Using a modified Delphi method, we sought to explore ongoing areas of controversy in the NOM of splenic trauma and reach a consensus among a group of 48 international experts from five continents (Africa, Europe, Asia, Oceania, America) concerning optimal follow-up strategies in patients with splenic injuries treated with NOM. Results Consensus was reached on eleven clinical research questions and 28 recommendations with an agreement rate >= 80%. Mobilization after 24 h in low-grade splenic trauma patients (WSES Class I, AAST Grades I-II) was suggested, while in patients with high-grade splenic injuries (WSES Classes II-III, AAST Grades III-V), if no other contraindications to early mobilization exist, safe mobilization of the patient when three successive hemoglobins 8 h apart after the first are within 10% of each other was considered safe according to the panel. The panel suggests adult patients to be admitted to hospital for 1 day (for low-grade splenic injuries-WSES Class I, AAST Grades I-II) to 3 days (for high-grade splenic injuries-WSES Classes II-III, AAST Grades III-V), with those with high-grade injuries requiring admission to a monitored setting. In the absence of specific complications, the panel suggests DVT and VTE prophylaxis with LMWH to be started within 48-72 h from hospital admission. The panel suggests splenic artery embolization (SAE) as the first-line intervention in patients with hemodynamic stability and arterial blush on CT scan, irrespective of injury grade. Regarding patients with WSES Class II blunt splenic injuries (AAST Grade III) without contrast extravasation, a low threshold for SAE has been suggested in the presence of risk factors for NOM failure. The panel also suggested angiography and eventual SAE in all hemodynamically stable adult patients with WSES Class III injuries (AAST Grades IV-V), even in the absence of CT blush, especially when concomitant surgery that requires change of position is needed. Follow-up imaging with contrast-enhanced ultrasound/CT scan in 48-72 h post-admission of trauma in splenic injuries WSES Class II (AAST Grade III) or higher treated with NOM was considered the best strategy for timely detection of vascular complications. Conclusion This consensus document could help guide future prospective studies aiming at validating the suggested strategies through the implementation of prospective trauma databases and the subsequent production of internationally endorsed guidelines on the issue.Peer reviewe

Quality indicators for patients with traumatic brain injury in European intensive care units

Background: The aim of this study is to validate a previously published consensus-based quality indicator set for the management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at intensive care units (ICUs) in Europe and to study its potential for quality measur

Changing care pathways and between-center practice variations in intensive care for traumatic brain injury across Europe

Purpose: To describe ICU stay, selected management aspects, and outcome of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Europe, and to quantify variation across centers. Methods: This is a prospective observational multicenter study conducted across 18 countries in Europe and Israel. Admission characteristics, clinical data, and outcome were described at patient- and center levels. Between-center variation in the total ICU population was quantified with the median odds ratio (MOR), with correction for case-mix and random variation between centers. Results: A total of 2138 patients were admitted to the ICU, with median age of 49 years; 36% of which were mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale; GCS 13–15). Within, 72 h 636 (30%) were discharged and 128 (6%) died. Early deaths and long-stay patients (> 72 h) had more severe injuries based on the GCS and neuroimaging characteristics, compared with short-stay patients. Long-stay patients received more monitoring and were treated at higher intensity, and experienced worse 6-month outcome compared to short-stay patients. Between-center variations were prominent in the proportion of short-stay patients (MOR = 2.3, p < 0.001), use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring (MOR = 2.5, p < 0.001) and aggressive treatme