ASTERIA In-Orbit Testing on OPSSAT: An On-Board Autonomous Orbit Control Solution Including Collision Risks Avoidance

For several years, CNES has been working on Flight Dynamics algorithms to ensure high level of autonomy for next generation of space missions. One example of these autonomous techniques is the Autonomous Orbital Control, which consists of delegating to onboard satellite system the identification, planning and realization of orbital corrections to stay in the mission reference orbit. ASTERIA, an application of on-board autonomy combining station keeping and collision risk management for the low earth orbit satellites, enables both in-track and cross-track control for different LEO missions. The on-board collision risk management process is fully integrated into the autonomous station keeping in order to maintain the satellite orbit as best as possible and to minimize mission unavailability resulting from the avoidance maneuvers. The paper aims to show the completeness of the ASTERIA concept. First, the principles of on-board orbit control with collision risk management are described with the operational concepts of such a solution. Then, the ability to operate ASTERIA is demonstrated through an in-orbit experiment performed last year on the ESA OPSSAT 3-Units CubeSat

Approximation de haute précision des problèmes de diffraction

Cette thèse examine deux façons de calculer avec précision les solutions de problèmes de propagation d'ondes diffractées par un obstacle borné : la diminution des domaines de calcul à l'aide de milieux fictifs absorbants permettant l'adjonction de conditions aux limites exactes et la recherche d'une nouvelle approximation spatiale sous forme polynomiale donnant lieu à des schémas explicites où la stabilité est indépendante de l'ordre choisi. La première méthode est de réduire le domaine de calcul autour de domaines non nécessairement convexes, à l'aide de la méthode des Perfectly Matched Layers. Il faut alors considérer des domaines d'exhaustion difféomorphes à des convexes avec des hypothèses "presque" nécessaires. Pour les Equations de type Maxwell et Ondes, l'existence et l'unicité sont montrées dans tout l'espace et en domaine artificiellement borné, tant en fréquentiel qu'en temporel. La décroissance est analysée localement et asymptotiquement et des simulations numériques sont proposées. La deuxième méthode est une alternative à l'approximation de type Galerkin Discontinu, inspirée des résultats de régularité de J. Rauch, présentant l'avantage de conserver une condition CFL de type Volumes Finis indépendante de l'ordre d'approximation, aussi bien pour des maillages structurés que déstructurés. La convergence de cette méthode est démontrée via la consistance et la stabilité, grâce au théorème d'équivalence de Lax-Richtmyer pour des domaines structurés. En déstructuré, la consistance ne pouvant plus s'établir au moyen de la formulation de Taylor, la convergence n'est plus assurée, mais les premiers tests numériques bidimensionnels donnent d'excellents résultats.This work is about the high-accuracy study of waves diffracted by a bounded obstacle. Two aspects are considered : the reduction of the computational domain thanks to fictive absorbing media and the research of a new high-order explicit approximation whose stability is independent of the order of spatial approximation chosen. First, we consider the reduction of the computational domain by the Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) around non necessarily convex domains sets (but typical of scattering problems, meaning no trapping). Exhaustion domains diffeomorphic to convex are considered with almost necessary hypotheses. For Maxwell or waves equations, the existence and uniqueness are demonstrated in all the space and in artificially bounded domains, for both harmonic and unsteady problems. The decay is analyzed locally and asymptotically, and some numerical simulations are performed. The second part of the work is an alternative to the Discontinuous Galerkin methods, inspired by the J. Rauch regularity results. Its advantage is to preserve a CFL condition, such as the one for the Finite Volumes methods, independently of the order of approximation, for structured meshes as well as for unstructured ones. The convergence of this method is proven through consistancy and stability, thanks to the Lax-Richtmyer theorem, for structured meshes. For unstructured ones, the consistancy can no longer be established by the Taylor formula, so convergence is not guaranteed anymore, but the first bidimensional numerical experiments give excellent results

Numerical study of acoustic multiperforated plates

International audienceIt is rather classical to model multiperforated plates by approximate impedance boundary conditions. In this article we would like to compare an instance of such boundary conditions obtained through a matched asymptotic expansions technique to direct numerical computations based on a boundary element formulation in the case of linear acoustic

Lower and upper bounds for the Rayleigh conductivity of a perforated plate

International audienceLower and upper bounds for the Rayleigh conductivity of a perforation in a thick plate are usually derived from intuitive approximations and by physical reasoning. This paper addresses a mathematical justification of these approaches. As a byproduct of the rigorous handling of these issues, some improvements to previous bounds for axisymmetric holes are given as well as new estimates for inclined perforations. The main techniques are a proper use of the variational principles of Dirichlet and Kelvin in the context of Beppo-Levi spaces. The derivations are validated by numerical experiments in the two-dimensional axisymmetric case and the full three-dimensional one

Genetic Analysis of Completely Sequenced Disease-Associated MHC Haplotypes Identifies Shuffling of Segments in Recent Human History

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is recognised as one of the most important genetic regions in relation to common human disease. Advancement in identification of MHC genes that confer susceptibility to disease requires greater knowledge of sequence variation across the complex. Highly duplicated and polymorphic regions of the human genome such as the MHC are, however, somewhat refractory to some whole-genome analysis methods. To address this issue, we are employing a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning strategy to sequence entire MHC haplotypes from consanguineous cell lines as part of the MHC Haplotype Project. Here we present 4.25 Mb of the human haplotype QBL (HLA-A26-B18-Cw5-DR3-DQ2) and compare it with the MHC reference haplotype and with a second haplotype, COX (HLA-A1-B8-Cw7-DR3-DQ2), that shares the same HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 alleles. We have defined the complete gene, splice variant, and sequence variation contents of all three haplotypes, comprising over 259 annotated loci and over 20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Certain coding sequences vary significantly between different haplotypes, making them candidates for functional and disease-association studies. Analysis of the two DR3 haplotypes allowed delineation of the shared sequence between two HLA class II–related haplotypes differing in disease associations and the identification of at least one of the sites that mediated the original recombination event. The levels of variation across the MHC were similar to those seen for other HLA-disparate haplotypes, except for a 158-kb segment that contained the HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 genes and showed very limited polymorphism compatible with identity-by-descent and relatively recent common ancestry (<3,400 generations). These results indicate that the differential disease associations of these two DR3 haplotypes are due to sequence variation outside this central 158-kb segment, and that shuffling of ancestral blocks via recombination is a potential mechanism whereby certain DR–DQ allelic combinations, which presumably have favoured immunological functions, can spread across haplotypes and populations

Evasion of anti-growth signaling: a key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds

The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally-occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally-occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting

Author index for volume 103

Coping with unusual experiences for 12–18 year olds (CUES+): SPIRIT Checklist. (DOC 122 kb

Good scientific practice in MEEG Research: Progress and Perspectives

Good Scientific Practice (GSP) refers to both explicit and implicit rules, recommendations, and guidelines that help scientists to produce work that is of the highest quality at any given time, and to efficiently share that work with the community for further scrutiny or utilization.For experimental research using magneto- and electroencephalography (MEEG), GSP includes specific standards and guidelines for technical competence, which are periodically updated and adapted to new findings. However, GSP also needs to be periodically revisited in a broader light. At the LiveMEEG 2020 conference, a reflection on GSP was fostered that included explicitly documented guidelines and technical advances, but also emphasized intangible GSP: a general awareness of personal, organizational, and societal realities and how they can influence MEEG research.This article provides an extensive report on most of the LiveMEEG contributions and new literature, with the additional aim to synthesize ongoing cultural changes in GSP. It first covers GSP with respect to cognitive biases and logical fallacies, pre-registration as a tool to avoid those and other early pitfalls, and a number of resources to enable collaborative and reproducible research as a general approach to minimize misconceptions. Second, it covers GSP with respect to data acquisition, analysis, reporting, and sharing, including new tools and frameworks to support collaborative work. Finally, GSP is considered in light of ethical implications of MEEG research and the resulting responsibility that scientists have to engage with societal challenges.Considering among other things the benefits of peer review and open access at all stages, the need to coordinate larger international projects, the complexity of MEEG subject matter, and today's prioritization of fairness, privacy, and the environment, we find that current GSP tends to favor collective and cooperative work, for both scientific and for societal reasons

Variation analysis and gene annotation of eight MHC haplotypes: The MHC Haplotype Project

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is contained within about 4 Mb on the short arm of chromosome 6 and is recognised as the most variable region in the human genome. The primary aim of the MHC Haplotype Project was to provide a comprehensively annotated reference sequence of a single, human leukocyte antigen-homozygous MHC haplotype and to use it as a basis against which variations could be assessed from seven other similarly homozygous cell lines, representative of the most common MHC haplotypes in the European population. Comparison of the haplotype sequences, including four haplotypes not previously analysed, resulted in the identification of >44,000 variations, both substitutions and indels (insertions and deletions), which have been submitted to the dbSNP database. The gene annotation uncovered haplotype-specific differences and confirmed the presence of more than 300 loci, including over 160 protein-coding genes. Combined analysis of the variation and annotation datasets revealed 122 gene loci with coding substitutions of which 97 were non-synonymous. The haplotype (A3-B7-DR15; PGF cell line) designated as the new MHC reference sequence, has been incorporated into the human genome assembly (NCBI35 and subsequent builds), and constitutes the largest single-haplotype sequence of the human genome to date. The extensive variation and annotation data derived from the analysis of seven further haplotypes have been made publicly available and provide a framework and resource for future association studies of all MHC-associated diseases and transplant medicine