DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE

Objective: The study involved development of transdermal delivery system (TDDS) of doxazosinmesylate (doxa) to achieve effective systemic delivery of the drug.Methods: TDDS of doxa was prepared using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K100LV and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 in 3:1 ratio solvent casting method. The formulation was evaluated for folding endurance, moisture uptake, pH, drug content and in vitro permeation. Various permeation enhancers were incorporated at 5% w/w concentration into the patch formulationto study their impact on the drug permeation. The TDDS made with Transcutol® as an enhancer was subjected to accelerated stability studies and in vivo skin irritation studies.Results: The developed TDDS showed folding endurance of 170, moisture uptakeof 15.7%, pH of 6.3, and drug content of 99±1.1% and 66% in vitro permeation of doxa over 24h. The effect of various enhancers expressed in terms of average flux can be summarized as Transcutol® (10.6±2.1 µg/cm2h)>dimethyl sulfoxide(10.17±1.2 µg/cm2h)>benzyl alcohol (9.55±1.3 µg/cm2h)>no enhancer (8.86±1.1 µg/cm2h)>dimethyl isosorbide (8.21±1.5 µg/cm2h)>Isostearic acid (7.82±1.4 µg/cm2h)>propylene carbonate (7.67±1.4 µg/cm2h)>oleic acid (7.12 µg±0.8/cm2h). The formulation was found to be stable during the accelerated stability studies. In vivo studies indicated absence of skin irritation effect the TDDS containing Transcutol®.Conclusion: TDDS of doxa comprising HPMC K100LV and PVPK30 in the ratio of 3:1 and 5% Transcutol® could serve as a potential TDDS in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension

Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian Di Media Sosial

Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian di atur dalam Pasal 28 ayat (2) jo. Pasal 45A ayat (2) UU R.I No. 19 Tahun 2016 tentang perubahan atas UU R.I No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Merupakan tindak pidana ujaran kebencian berdasarkan SARA. Hal ini menyangkut tentang bagaimana ketentuan yuridis terhadap Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian berdasarkan SARA dan bagaimana penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana Ujaran Kebencian berdasarkan SARA. Pasal 28 ayat (2) hanya diperuntukkan bagi pelaku tindak pidana menyebarkan informasi yang ditujukan untuk menimbulkan rasa kebencian berdasarkan suku, agama, ras dan antargolongan. Sedangkan untuk perbuatan tindak pidana menyebarkan informasi lainnya diatur pada UU R.I No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik pada Bab VII tentang perbuatan yamg dilarang. Serta pada putusan PN Sidrap No 207/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Sdr mengenai tindak pidana ujaran kebencian berdasarkan suku, agama dan antargolongan terhadap terdakwa HJ. SUHARTI BINTI H. MUHAMMADIYAH bahwasanya dakwaan jaksa penuntut umum dan putusan majelis hakim sudah benar, akan tetapi sanksi yang diberikan oleh majelis hakim terlalu ringan. Majelis hakim bisa memberi putusan yang lebih berat diatas dakwaan jaksa penuntut umum dengan pertimbangan asas lex dura sed tamen scripta yang berarti hukum itu kejam tetapi memang begitulah bunyinya agar terdakwa mendapatkan efek jera

Data On Major Power Outage Events in The Continental U.S.

This paper presents the data that is used in the article entitled “A Multi-Hazard Approach to Assess Severe Weather-Induced Major Power Outage Risks in the U.S.” (Mukherjee et al., 2018) [1]. The data described in this article pertains to the major outages witnessed by different states in the continental U.S. during January 2000–July 2016. As defined by the Department of Energy, the major outages refer to those that impacted atleast 50,000 custo- mers or caused an unplanned firm load loss of atleast 300 MW. Besides major outage data, this article also presents data on geo- graphical location of the outages, date and time of the outages, regional climatic information, land-use characteristics, electricity consumption patterns and economic characteristics of the states affected by the outages. This dataset can be used to identify and analyze the historical trends and patterns of the major outages and identify and assess the risk predictors associated with sustained power outages in the continental U.S. as described in Mukherjee et al. [1]

Intelligent Compaction of Asphalt Pavement Implementation

The main purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of substituting in-place core density (% Gmm) for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Quality Assurance (QA) in Indiana Department of Transportation Specification with Intelligent Compaction (IC) measurements. A questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted to gather information on: (1) the usage of IC technology in other states, (2) the benefits of applying IC technology, and (3) the application of IC technology forQuality Control/ Quality Assurance (QC/QA). Also the data available from IC demonstration performed on US 52 in 2009 was analyzed to identify the relationship between in-place density values (i.e., Non-Nuclear Gauge, NNG)and the IC Measurement Values (ICMVs). According to survey responses from 26 agencies, there was no state DOT using IC for QA as of June 2014. Only twoDOTs, including Alaska and Vermont have adopted IC in HMA compaction for QC. The reasons for not using IC technology in current QC/QA practices were: (1) satisfaction with existing QC/QA procedure, (2) difficulty of adjustment due to the lack of specifications in determining stiffness in HMA, and (3) lack of availability of IC equipment with contractors. However, it was responded that the most benefits of IC was night time paving and uniform compaction in QC. Analysis of the ICMV data obtained from a demonstration project on US 52 indicated that a NNG correlation showed an R2 value of 0.67. This finding supports the IC implementation in the current INDOT HMA QC. It should be noted that a correlation between core-density and ICMV could not be determined due to lack of reliable data. In conclusion, the research could not identify any possibility of adding IC into the INDOT specification for QA based on the survey, phone interviews and analysis of the data obtained from IC demonstration on US 52

Compare and Contrast Major Nuclear Power Plant Disasters: Lessons Learned from the Past

The construction of nuclear power plants is a major step towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to the conventional coal-fired or oil-fired power plants. However, some of the major nuclear accidents in the past have raised questions about the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants. This paper compares and contrasts the major nuclear accidents of the past for example, the Chernobyl disaster (USSR), the Fukushima Daiichi disaster (Japan), and the Three Mile Island incident (USA). Although each of the accidents was unique, a thorough comparison found some common issues, such as faulty design of reactors and safety systems, safety rules violations, and lack of trained operators. The primary impacts mostly involved radiation hazards such as exposure to varying doses of radiation, uninhabitable neighborhoods and health problems; the levels of impact varied mostly due to different intensities of warnings and precautionary measures taken by the local governments. The research findings would serve as an important resource for the nuclear professionals to plan proper precautionary measures in order to avoid the major issues that initiated or resulted from the accidents in the past

Selecting a Temporary Debris Management Site for Effective Debris Removal

The overall debris removal after disasters is often prolonged due to the huge amount of debris and lack of capacities such as a Temporary Debris Management Site (TDMS) in the community. This results in a delay of overall recovery and increases the total recovery cost. Strategic planning and building a TDMS will help in providing extra time for proper disposal of debris and clearing a disaster-impacted site that will facilitate the reconstruction process. This paper presents a unique approach for identifying and selecting TDMS locations for expediting debris removal from the community. A hypothetical example of a community impacted by a natural hazard is presented to explain how the the proposed model works. The research integrates data from a loss assessment report obtained from HAZUS-MH, Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA), and Geographical Information System (GIS) in a dynamic simulation model. Various TDMS locations could be evaluated based on the existing capacity and infrastructure services and considering factors such as overall debris removal time, associated cost, productivity, and availability of resources. Debris management teams would greatly benefit from the research for strategically siting TDMS for accelerating the debris removal process

The role of unsupported brand evaluation cognitive responses in the persuasion process

Includes bibliographical reference

HYBRID ROCKET PROPULSION DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION

Satellite technology is advancing. Satellite propulsion requires several desired rocket properties. This is necessary for 1 kg of payload. Launch vehicles no longer need rocket engines. Application includes satellite movement, orbit transfer, and probe and lander propulsion. Space travel is inventive and exciting. Research, production, and use costs must be decreased to make space transportation systems generally available. Security shouldn\u27t be affected. Rocket propellants must be high-performing, non-toxic, and safe. Rocket engines have other parts. Restarting and throttling are crucial. These are inaccessible to solid rocket motors. Developing a liquid rocket engine is hard and expensive, but it can be restarted and throttled. It\u27s being studied for use in hybrid rocket propulsion and other space applications. Space tourist vehicles, lunar and planetary landers, suborbital launch vehicles, satellite maneuvering systems, etc. are potential applications for microsatellites (including orbit transfer). More of these applications are pending approval. Hybrid propulsion is straightforward, safe, and permits regenerative braking, throttling, and restarting. Hybrid propellants are mostly non-toxic and storable. Separate oxidizer and fuel storage enhance safety. This study examines the history, development, current applications, and future of hybrid rocket propulsion. We\u27ll discuss popular fuels and oxidizers. Explains hybrid rocket motor\u27s low regression rate. The article includes the author research

Simplified Construction Scheduling for Field Personnel

The main purpose of this research is to determine the issues that INDOT faces with respect to schedule review/monitoring and determine the best practices by other DOTs in order to suggest improvements to INDOTs practices. Two questionnaire surveys and six interviews were conducted to gather this information. The two questionnaires were divided into four areas: (1) scheduling specifications, (2) enforcing issues, (3) field personnel skill set and understanding of the specs and scheduling methods/commercial software, and (4) ideas for scheduling technologies/tools/software. Results from these questionnaires were used to target five DOTs that showed good practices as well INDOT to gather more details about the common scheduling issues and their response to them. Outcome of this research will (1) document current INDOT practices and challenges on tracking the projects in the field; (2) Identify scheduling methods and software packages used by other DOTs that would satisfy INDOT’s project control needs (3) provide guidelines to make the tracking and analysis of scheduled milestones more effective and easy to implement for the field personnel. According to the first survey that was distributed among INDOT personnel, some of the main issues they face include lack of contractor compliance in submitting schedules and following the scheduling specifications. Another issue is INDOT personnel’s lack of training and experience using the scheduling techniques. The second survey was distributed to all DOTs with thirty-five responses received. In order to enforce contractor compliance, DOTs have delayed and withheld payments. DOTs also train their employees in scheduling techniques to help them review contractors’ submittals. They also meet with the contractor before construction starts and discuss the schedule requirements to ensure that both parties are on the same page. Phone interviews were conducted with six DOTs in order to understand their means and methods. Some of the main items discovered were related to classification of projects (based on required level of scheduling), procedure requested by DOTs from contractors with regard to time impact analysis reports and how they handle weather shutdowns in their scheduling specifications. In conclusion, the research found many suggestions that could be implemented by INDOT in order to revise/update their specifications and practices, increase contractor compliance and to simplify their scheduling and review processes

Subsurface Condition Evaluation for Asphalt Pavement Preservation Treatments

This report presents a case study on the SR-70 section with microsurface for understanding its performance; a development of a methodology for evaluating the asphalt pavement subsurface condition for applying pavement preservation treatments; and a development of a tool for identifying and quantifying the subsurface distresses. From the case study, it was found that the main distresses on SR-70 were longitudinal cracks, fatigue cracks, and potholes. The longitudinal cracking was the most widely distributed distress with 22% of lane length in the 2-mile test section among the three distress types. Based on the water stripping test results and the core visual observations, it was confirmed that the test section on SR-70 had the water stripping problem. In order to have a representative condition indicator for the test section, the conditions were converted into the scores scaled from 0 to 100. Layers with closer to a score of 100 have the better subsurface condition. Therefore, the 28% of the test section length with the surface distress was detected as the fair subsurface condition with a score of 56. The rest 72% of the length was estimated as the good subsurface condition with a score of 78. Similarly, 20.5% of the test section length with the problem locations determined by GPR had the fair subsurface condition with a score of 56 and the rest 79.5 % of the length had the good subsurface condition with a score of 76. The lab test results showed poor correlations among the water stripping severities, air voids, and tensile strengths. Thus, the air voids or tensile strength cannot properly estimate the water stripping severity or vice versa. When the laboratory test results with the surface distresses or in the GPR-based problem locations were compared to that without the surface distresses or in the GPR-based non-problem locations, in general, average air voids and water stripping severities decrease and average tensile strengths increase. The observation confirms that the evaluation processes are applicable for evaluating the subsurface condition. Furthermore, the probability that a location determined to be problematic by GPR to be on one of poor conditions based on lab tests was 1.0. The same probability was obtained for a GPS-based problem location. Accordingly, it was concluded that the laboratory tests with the surface distresses survey or the GPR measurement were reliable method to evaluate the subsurface condition. The FWD results had a weak correlation with the laboratory test results possibly due to fairly long testing interval (i.e., 328 ft). The current FWD test protocol should be improved for evaluating the subsurface condition in pavement preservation application. Guidelines of subsurface condition evaluation for pavement preservation treatment application was developed utilizing the findings from the case study. A concept of hierarchy was used in the guideline by taking project importance and available resources into consideration. A tool including guidelines, computer software (e.g., iSub and iMoisture), and its manual was also developed based on the methodology as a research product. Based on the guideline, it was concluded that the subsurface condition of the case study section on SR-70 was inadequate for the application of the pavement preservation treatments