Politique du paradigme : argumentation et fiction dans la Rhétorique d’Aristote

On se propose dans ce travail d'interpréter la fonction stratégique et politique du chapitre consacré au paradigme ou « exemple » dans la Rhétorique d'Aristote. Dans le cadre d'une typologie technique et au travers des « exemples d'exemples » se donnent en effet à lire les enjeux rhétoriques et politiques du maniement du paradigme, dans l'articulation privilégiée de l'argumentation et de la fiction. Le paradigme, dans sa définition et illustration aristotéliciennes, met ainsi en lumière une topique de la. fable, lieu au double statut, fictionnel et argumentatif.The paper deals with the interpretation of the strategic and political function of the paradigm or "example" in Aristotle's Rhetoric. It is indeed possible to see, in the technical typology and even in the given "examples of examples", the rhetorical and political effects of paradigms which operate in the realm of the connection between argumentation and fiction. The paradigm, as Aristotle defines and illustrates it, shows how the topic of the fable is the locus of both fiction and argumentation

L’imprécation de Clytemnestre. Véhémence et performance sur la scène racinienne

La présente étude croise deux axes de notre recherche sur la rhétorique et le théâtre de Racine. Le premier relève de la rhétorique des passions, appréhendée ici sous la forme extrême d’un discours de malédiction (Iphigénie, V, 4). Le second porte sur la conjonction, problématique, de l’imaginaire discursif (que suscitent les grandes figures de vision et d’interpellation in absentia : apostrophe, prosopopée, hypotypose) et de l’image scénique du corps actorial, figure in praesentia du personn..

L’imprécation de Clytemnestre. Véhémence et performance sur la scène racinienne

La présente étude croise deux axes de notre recherche sur la rhétorique et le théâtre de Racine. Le premier relève de la rhétorique des passions, appréhendée ici sous la forme extrême d’un discours de malédiction (Iphigénie, V, 4). Le second porte sur la conjonction, problématique, de l’imaginaire discursif (que suscitent les grandes figures de vision et d’interpellation in absentia : apostrophe, prosopopée, hypotypose) et de l’image scénique du corps actorial, figure in praesentia du personn..

Jean-Marc Larrue & Marie-Madeleine Mervant-Roux (eds), Le Son du théâtre, xixe-xxie siècle. Histoire intermédiale d’un lieu d’écoute moderne

Consacré à un objet laissé-pour-compte des études universitaires du siècle dernier, l’ouvrage s’impose d’emblée par son ampleur, sa structure et ses enjeux scientifiques : Un ensemble de 37 contributions, dues à 35 auteurs qu’il serait vain de prétendre ici résumer, mais dont il importe en revanche d’appréhender la diversité thématique et méthodologique ainsi que l’étendue des exemples. Une structure concertée, qui témoigne d’un magistral travail d’orchestration opéré par les directeurs de l’..

Topique et poétique du sublime. La leçon du laconisme quignardien

Une affinité stellaire lie Pascal Quignard à l’auteur du Traité du sublime. Est donc ici étudiée la topique commune au sublime longinien et quignardien (energeia du transport pathétique ; court-circuit de la raison par le raptus esthétique ; emprise impérieuse du sensible sans logos). Ce sublime prend chez Quignard la forme verbale du laconisme, forme-sens qui confère au style le statut d’une arme de survie qui permet au lecteur, à l’écrivain et au penseur de tenir face aux forces prédatrices sous-jacentes au langage. Cette poïétique du style soustractif propre à la sentence foudroyante s’arrime au versant narratif de l’œuvre par la ligature discrète de l’argumentation paradigmatique où l’assertion, thèse spéculative, trouve son argument dans l’essor même du récit.There is a stellar affinity between Pascal Quignard and the author of the Treatise on the sublime. Accordingly, this article examines the topic common to the Longinian and Quignardian sublime (energeia of the pathetic transportation; short-circuiting of reason by the aesthetic seizure; imperious control of the sensitive without logos). In Quignard, this sublime takes the verbal form of laconism, a shape-meaning that gives style the status of a survival weapon, allowing the reader, writer and thinker to stand up to the predatory forces underlying language. This poesis of the subtractive style unique to the fiery sentence is connected to the narrative slope of the work via the discrete ligature of paradigmatic arguments, in which the assertion, speculative thesis, finds its argument in the very surge of the narrative

Retórica e dialética do diálogo

Revisão semántica da análise do diálogo

Ca:Mg:Zn:CO3 and Ca:Mg:CO3-tri- and bi-elemental carbonate microparticles for novel injectable self-gelling hydrogel-microparticle composites for tissue regeneration

Injectable composites for tissue regeneration can be developed by dispersion of inorganic microparticles and cells in a hydrogel phase. In this study, multifunctional carbonate microparticles containing different amounts of calcium, magnesium and zinc were mixed with solutions of gellan gum (GG), an anionic polysaccharide, to form injectable hydrogel-microparticle composites, containing Zn, Ca and Mg. Zn and Ca were incorporated into microparticle preparations to a greater extent than Mg. Microparticle groups were heterogeneous and contained microparticles of differing shape and elemental composition. Zn-rich microparticles were 'star shaped' and appeared to consist of small crystallites, while Zn-poor, Ca- and Mg-rich microparticles were irregular in shape and appeared to contain lager crystallites. Zn-free microparticle groups exhibited the best cytocompatibility and, unexpectedly, Zn-free composites showed the highest antibacterial activity towards methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Composites containing Zn-free microparticles were cytocompatible and therefore appear most suitable for applications as an injectable biomaterial. This study proves the principle of creating bi- and tri-elemental microparticles to induce the gelation of GG to create injectable hydrogel-microparticle composites

Natalizumab treatment shows low cumulative probabilities of confirmed disability worsening to EDSS milestones in the long-term setting.

Abstract Background Though the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is commonly used to assess disability level in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the criteria defining disability progression are used for patients with a wide range of baseline levels of disability in relatively short-term trials. As a result, not all EDSS changes carry the same weight in terms of future disability, and treatment benefits such as decreased risk of reaching particular disability milestones may not be reliably captured. The objectives of this analysis are to assess the probability of confirmed disability worsening to specific EDSS milestones (i.e., EDSS scores ≥3.0, ≥4.0, or ≥6.0) at 288 weeks in the Tysabri Observational Program (TOP) and to examine the impact of relapses occurring during natalizumab therapy in TOP patients who had received natalizumab for ≥24 months. Methods TOP is an ongoing, open-label, observational, prospective study of patients with RRMS in clinical practice. Enrolled patients were naive to natalizumab at treatment initiation or had received ≤3 doses at the time of enrollment. Intravenous natalizumab (300 mg) infusions were given every 4 weeks, and the EDSS was assessed at baseline and every 24 weeks during treatment. Results Of the 4161 patients enrolled in TOP with follow-up of at least 24 months, 3253 patients with available baseline EDSS scores had continued natalizumab treatment and 908 had discontinued (5.4% due to a reported lack of efficacy and 16.4% for other reasons) at the 24-month time point. Those who discontinued due to lack of efficacy had higher baseline EDSS scores (median 4.5 vs. 3.5), higher on-treatment relapse rates (0.82 vs. 0.23), and higher cumulative probabilities of EDSS worsening (16% vs. 9%) at 24 months than those completing therapy. Among 24-month completers, after approximately 5.5 years of natalizumab treatment, the cumulative probabilities of confirmed EDSS worsening by 1.0 and 2.0 points were 18.5% and 7.9%, respectively (24-week confirmation), and 13.5% and 5.3%, respectively (48-week confirmation). The risks of 24- and 48-week confirmed EDSS worsening were significantly higher in patients with on-treatment relapses than in those without relapses. An analysis of time to specific EDSS milestones showed that the probabilities of 48-week confirmed transition from EDSS scores of 0.0–2.0 to ≥3.0, 2.0–3.0 to ≥4.0, and 4.0–5.0 to ≥6.0 at week 288 in TOP were 11.1%, 11.8%, and 9.5%, respectively, with lower probabilities observed among patients without on-treatment relapses (8.1%, 8.4%, and 5.7%, respectively). Conclusions In TOP patients with a median (range) baseline EDSS score of 3.5 (0.0–9.5) who completed 24 months of natalizumab treatment, the rate of 48-week confirmed disability worsening events was below 15%; after approximately 5.5 years of natalizumab treatment, 86.5% and 94.7% of patients did not have EDSS score increases of ≥1.0 or ≥2.0 points, respectively. The presence of relapses was associated with higher rates of overall disability worsening. These results were confirmed by assessing transition to EDSS milestones. Lower rates of overall 48-week confirmed EDSS worsening and of transitioning from EDSS score 4.0–5.0 to ≥6.0 in the absence of relapses suggest that relapses remain a significant driver of disability worsening and that on-treatment relapses in natalizumab-treated patients are of prognostic importance

Creating and curating an archive: Bury St Edmunds and its Anglo-Saxon past

This contribution explores the mechanisms by which the Benedictine foundation of Bury St Edmunds sought to legitimise and preserve their spurious pre-Conquest privileges and holdings throughout the Middle Ages. The archive is extraordinary in terms of the large number of surviving registers and cartularies which contain copies of Anglo-Saxon charters, many of which are wholly or partly in Old English. The essay charts the changing use to which these ancient documents were put in response to threats to the foundation's continued enjoyment of its liberties. The focus throughout the essay is to demonstrate how pragmatic considerations at every stage affects the development of the archive and the ways in which these linguistically challenging texts were presented, re-presented, and represented during the Abbey’s history

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570